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R Plotting

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10 views3 pages

R Plotting

Uploaded by

Maaz Ansari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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R Plotting

Plot

The plot() function is used to draw points (markers) in a diagram.

The function takes parameters for specifying points in the diagram.

Parameter 1 specifies points on the x-axis.

Parameter 2 specifies points on the y-axis.

At its simplest, you can use the plot() function to plot two numbers against each other:

Example

Draw one point in the diagram, at position (1) and position (3):

plot(1, 3)

To draw more points, use vectors:

Example

Draw two points in the diagram, one at position (1, 3) and one in position (8, 10):

plot(c(1, 8), c(3, 10))

Multiple Points

You can plot as many points as you like, just make sure you have the same number of points in both axis:

Example

plot(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), c(3, 7, 8, 9, 12))

For better organization, when you have many values, it is better to use variables:

Example

x <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

y <- c(3, 7, 8, 9, 12)

plot(x, y)

Sequences of Points

If you want to draw dots in a sequence, on both the x-axis and the y-axis, use the : operator:
Example

plot(1:10)

Draw a Line

The plot() function also takes a type parameter with the value l to draw a line to connect all the points in
the diagram:

Example

plot(1:10, type="l")

Plot Labels

The plot() function also accept other parameters, such as main, xlab and ylab if you want to customize
the graph with a main title and different labels for the x and y-axis:

plot(1:10, main="My Graph", xlab="The x-axis", ylab="The y axis")

Graph Appearance

There are many other parameters you can use to change the appearance of the points.

Colors

Use col="color" to add a color to the points:

Example

plot(1:10, col="red")

Size

Use cex=number to change the size of the points (1 is default, while 0.5 means 50% smaller, and 2 means
100% larger):

Example

plot(1:10, cex=2)

Point Shape

Use pch with a value from 0 to 25 to change the point shape format:

Example

plot(1:10, pch=25, cex=2)


Line Graphs

A line graph has a line that connects all the points in a diagram.

To create a line, use the plot() function and add the type parameter with a value of "l":

Example

plot(1:10, type="l")

plot(1:10, type="l", col="blue")

Scatter Plots

You learned from the Plot chapter that the plot() function is used to plot numbers against each other.

A "scatter plot" is a type of plot used to display the relationship between two numerical variables, and
plots one dot for each observation.

It needs two vectors of same length, one for the x-axis (horizontal) and one for the y-axis (vertical):

Example

x <- c(5,7,8,7,2,2,9,4,11,12,9,6)

y <- c(99,86,87,88,111,103,87,94,78,77,85,86)

plot(x, y)

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