Smart Garbage Segregation System
Ajeet Pathak Shivani Ms. Swati Sharma Ms. Preeti Goyal
Undergraduate student Undergraduate student Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
ECE Department ECE Department ECE Department ECE Department
MAIT ,Delhi MAIT ,Delhi. MAIT ,Delhi MAIT ,Delhi
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Our project builds upon these previous works by proposing
Abstract - As India's population grows, the amount of
an automatic waste segregator that categorizes waste into
waste produced by each person every day is enormous. wet, dry, or metal categories and converts wet waste into
Some waste can be recycled, some cannot. Therefore, a compost, which can be used in horticulture, urban
agriculture, and organic farming. This initiative aims to
system that takes into account various types of waste contribute to the 'Swachh Bharat' mission by reducing
should be developed. While finding a solution to this waste and promoting recycling and composting.
problem, we proposed a smart waste machine that
separates metal waste,dry waste and wet waste, and also LITERATURE SURVEY
automatically turns wet waste into compost. The purpose
The growing concern for effective waste management has
of converting wet waste into mixed soil can also be used
led to numerous studies and projects aimed at developing
in horticulture, urban agriculture and organic farming. intelligent systems for waste segregation. This section
The problem is reported to the management center. reviews some notable research and technological
advancements in this domain.
Therefore, we developed this project to give back to our
country to resolve all coflicts and make our India Automated Waste Segregation Systems Bhor et al. (2015)
'Swachh Bharat'. developed a Smart Garbage Management System that
utilizes Zigbee and GSM technology to monitor and manage
waste collection efficiently. This system employs sensors to
INTRODUCTION
detect the level of waste in bins and sends alerts to waste
collection vehicles, ensuring timely disposal and reducing
The rising population of India poses serious threats overflow incidents.
regarding the availability of living space, utilization of
natural resources, raw materials, education, and Hong et al. (2014) proposed an IoT-based smart garbage
employment. Another serious peril is the escalating system designed to manage food waste effectively. The
amount of waste generated each minute by individuals. system uses a combination of sensors and communication
Every city grapples with the menace of ever-increasing modules to monitor the amount of waste generated and
waste. An astounding 0.1 million tonnes of waste is optimize the collection schedule. This approach not only
generated each day in our country, yet only 5% of this enhances efficiency but also minimizes the environmental
colossal amount of waste is recycled. In India, the impact of waste disposal.
collection, transportation, and disposal of Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW) are unscientific and chaotic. Uncontrolled Smart Bins and IoT Integration Anagnostopoulos et al.
dumping of waste on the outskirts of towns and cities has (2015) introduced a dynamic scheduling system for IoT-
created overflowing landfills, which are not only enabled smart city waste collection. Their research
impossible to reclaim due to the haphazard manner of highlights the use of top-k query-based scheduling to
dumping but also have serious environmental optimize the collection routes of garbage trucks, thereby
implications. reducing fuel consumption and operational costs. The study
emphasizes the importance of real-time data in making
Previous research on waste management highlights the informed decisions for waste management.
importance of segregating waste at the disposal level
itself. For instance, a study by Vikrant Bhor et al. proposed Zaslavsky et al. (2015) discussed the challenges and state-
a smart garbage management system that uses Zigbee of-the-art solutions in managing sensor information and
and GSM technology for efficient waste collection and mobile analytics on an Internet scale. Their work
segregation. Similarly, research by Insung Hong et al. underscores the significance of integrating IoT technologies
introduced an IoT-based smart garbage system for with traditional waste management systems to enhance
managing food waste efficiently. These studies have laid data collection, analysis, and decision-making processes.
the groundwork for developing more advanced systems
for waste segregation and management.
Waste Segregation Technologies Park et al. (2014) COMPONENTS
explored the use of smart sensors and IoT devices in
segregating waste at the source. Their system categorizes Metal Detector: Detects metal waste using electromagnetic
waste into various types using multiple sensors, such as induction principles. When metal waste is detected, the
metal detectors, infrared sensors, and moisture sensors. sensor sends a signal to the Arduino Uno.
This automatic segregation process improves recycling
rates and reduces the burden on manual labor involved in
waste sorting.
Look (2014) examined the application of solid waste
management projects in urban settings, focusing on the
technological and logistical challenges faced by
municipalities. The study provides insights into the
effectiveness of various waste segregation techniques and
their impact on urban waste management systems.
Technological Advancements in Waste Management Dr.
Parthasarathy (2014) conducted a comprehensive review Fig: Metal Detector
of IoT applications in waste management, highlighting the
benefits of real-time monitoring and automated control Infrared Sensor: Identifies dry waste such as plastics and
systems. The research demonstrates how IoT can paper. It uses an infrared LED and photodiode to detect the
transform traditional waste management practices by presence of dry waste materials.
enabling smarter, more efficient operations.
PURPOSEED SYSTEM
The proposed system is an advanced smart garbage
segregation system designed to efficiently classify and
manage waste. This system aims to automate the process
of waste segregation at the source, thereby reducing
manual intervention and improving recycling rates.
The proposed system employs a combination of sensors,
microcontrollers, and mechanical components to
segregate waste into three categories: metal, wet, and
dry. The segregation process is managed by an Arduino
Uno microcontroller, which processes the sensor data and
controls the movement of waste to the appropriate bins. Fig: Infrared Sensor
Moisture Sensor: Detects wet waste by measuring the
conductivity between two metal probes. The presence of
moisture completes the circuit, indicating wet waste.
Fig: Smart Garbage Segregator Fig: Moisture Sensor
Arduino Uno: The central microcontroller that processes • DC Current per I/O Pin 40mA
inputs from all sensors and controls the actuators. It • DC Current for 3.3 V Pin 50mA
features 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analog inputs, and operates • Flash Memory:32KB
at 5V.
WORKING
The proposed smart garbage segregation system operates
through a series of systematic steps that integrate sensor
inputs and microcontroller processing to automate the
segregation of waste. The detailed working mechanism is as
follows:
Initial Setup
Powering the System: The Arduino Uno microcontroller is
powered either through a USB connection or an external
AC-to-DC adapter. The power source is selected
automatically to ensure stable operation.
Sensor Initialization: Upon startup, the Arduino Uno
Fig: Arduino Uno initializes all connected sensors and prepares them to
detect different types of waste.
Motors and Mechanisms: DC Gear Motors: Controlled by
an L293 motor driver circuit, these motors facilitate the Waste Detection
movement of waste into the designated bins.
Motor Driver (L293D): This H-bridge IC controls the Metal Detection:
direction and speed of the DC gear motors based on Metal Detector Sensor: When waste is deposited, the metal
commands from the Arduino. detector sensor scans for the presence of metallic objects. It
uses electromagnetic induction principles to detect metal.
Signal Transmission: Upon detecting metal, the sensor
sends an analog signal to the Arduino Uno's analog input
pin.
Dry Waste Detection:
Infrared Sensor: The infrared sensor module, consisting of
an infrared LED and a photodiode, scans the waste for dry
materials like plastic and paper.
Signal Transmission: When dry waste is detected, the
infrared sensor sends a digital signal to one of the Arduino
Uno's digital input pins.
Wet Waste Detection:
Fig: Servo Motor Moisture Sensor: The moisture sensor uses two metal
probes to detect the presence of wet waste. When the
Power Supply: The Arduino Uno and associated probes come into contact with moisture, a circuit is
components are powered via USB or an external AC-to-DC completed, indicating wet waste.
adapter, providing the necessary voltage and current for Signal Transmission: The sensor sends a signal to the
stable operation. Arduino Uno's analog input pin when wet waste is detected.
Signal Processing and Decision Making
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Input Processing: The Arduino Uno processes the signals
• Microcontroller ATmega328 received from the sensors to determine the type of waste.
• Operating Voltage: 5V It uses pre-programmed logic to interpret the signals:
• Input Voltage(recommended): 7-12V Analog signals from the metal detector and moisture
• Input Voltage(limit): 6-20V sensor.
• Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM Digital signals from the infrared sensor.
output)
• Analog Output Pins 6
Control Signals: Based on the type of waste detected, the RESULTS
Arduino Uno generates control signals to operate the
motors connected to the system. The proposed system reduces time in terms of segregating
the garbage and collecting it from various locations. It
Waste Segregation and Movement reduces the overall expenditure to collect the garbage. It
further leads to maintain cleanliness and hygiene in the area
I. Actuation: where this system is implemented. Therefore, the IoT based
1. DC Gear Motors: The system employs DC gear motors garbage management system makes the garbage collection
controlled by an L293D motor driver IC. The Arduino Uno more efficient.
sends control signals to the motor driver, which in turn
controls the direction and movement of the motors.
CONCLUSION
2. Movement to Bins: The motors move the waste to the
appropriate bin based on the type of waste detected: The smart dustbin is bit expensive than normal dustbin but
overall cost in terms of manpower required to segregate
2.1 Metal Waste: If the metal detector sends a signal, the the garbage manually and the total number of rides in
motor moves the waste to the metal bin. collecting the garbage will be reduced with the proposed
system. The system also helps to maintain cleanliness in the
2.2 Dry Waste: If the infrared sensor sends a signal, the area.
motor moves the waste to the dry bin.
2.3 Wet Waste: If the moisture sensor sends a signal, the FUTURE SCOPE
motor moves the waste to the wet bin.
The future scope of the smart garbage segregation system
II. Shutter Mechanism: A motor-driven shutter includes integrating advanced sensor technologies for
mechanism may be employed to guide the waste into the enhanced detection capabilities and machine learning for
correct bin. This mechanism opens and closes the improved accuracy. IoT integration will enable real-time
appropriate bin based on the waste type. data analytics and smart city applications. Energy-efficient
components and solar power can increase sustainability.
Expanded use cases in industrial settings and customizable
segregation options will broaden the system's applicability.
Enhanced user interfaces and accessibility features will
improve user interaction. Direct integration with recycling
and composting facilities, along with automated logistics,
will streamline waste management processes. Ongoing
research, pilot programs, and collaborations with
policymakers will drive continuous improvements and
broader adoption, contributing to environmental
sustainability and cleaner communities.
REFERENCES
[1] Dr. V. Parthasarathy 4” A state of the art review on the
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Science, Engineering and Management Research (ICSEMR
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Mobile Analytics” 2015 16th IEEE International
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[3] Theodoros. Anagnostopoulos 1, Arkady . Zaslavsky 2,1,
Alexey Medvedev1, Sergei Khoruzhnicov1” Top–k Query
based Dynamic Scheduling for IoT enabled Smart city waste
collection 2015 16th IEEE Internation Conferences on
Mobile Data Management.
Fig: Flow Chart of Smart Garbage Segregator
[4] “City Garbage Collection Indicator Using RF
and GSM technology”.
[5] Vikrant Bhor, Pankaj Morajkar,Maheshwar
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Lee,Jaekeun Lee,Daebon Jeong,and Sehyun Park,
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Journal Volumn (2014),Article Id 646953.
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