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Module-Reviewer-Q2

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Module-Reviewer-Q2

Uploaded by

maryannsamson587
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Policy – An Information and communication technology (ICT) student should know how to
behave when working in the computer laboratory, as well as implement a safe way of accomplishing every
task. Safety practices should be learned early and always adheres in working with any electrical and electronic device, including
personal computers and its peripherals. This is for your protection as well as to the people working with you,
and for the devices that you are using. The basis for this process begins with Occupational Health and Safety Policies.

Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a planned system of working to prevent illness and injury where you work by recognizing
and identifying hazards and risks.
Procedure
1. Identify the hazard
2. Clear the area close to the hazard
3. Partition the hazard off or clearly identify the area to protect other people
from harm
4. If the hazard is easily and safely cleared, then do so
If not…
5. Report the hazard to the appropriate person (such as teacher in charge,
principal etc.) to obtain assistance
6. Following clearing of the hazard fill out the correct documentation to assist
in identifying improved practice to reduce further incidence of hazards.

Classification of Computers
Mainframe Computers: Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical applications such as bulk data processing and ERP.
Most of the mainframe computers have the capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate as a
number of virtual machines and can substitute for several small servers.
Minicomputers: In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers lie in between mainframes and microcomputers.
Minicomputers are also called mid-range
Supercomputers: The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed by means of supercomputers. Quantum physics,
mechanics, weather forecasting, molecular theory are best studied by means of supercomputers. Their ability of parallel processing
and their well-designed memory hierarchy give the supercomputers, large transaction processing powers.
Microcomputers: A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit it is known as a microcomputer. They do not
occupy space as much as mainframes do. When supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse, microcomputers can be called
personal computers.

The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an
operating system to run other programs. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from
the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral
devices such as disk drives and printers.

Operating systems can be classified as follows:


Multi-user: Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time. Some operating systems permit hundreds or even
thousands of concurrent users.
Multiprocessing : Supports running a program on more than one CPU.
Multitasking : Allows more than one program to run concurrently.
Multithreading : Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently.
Real time: Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating systems, such as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.
History of Computers
What are the devices of a computer?
1. System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the chassis. It includes the following parts: Motherboard,
Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards.
2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the circuits and components that
run the computer.
3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer system. It performs all of the
instructions and calculations that are needed and manages the flow of information through a computer.
4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the computer's working storage space that holds data,
instructions for processing and processed data (information) waiting to be sent to secondary storage.
Two (2) Types of Memory
a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even when the power is ON or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's
contents are lost.
5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several hardware components inside or outside a computer. It does not only
connect the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with other important hardware.
6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable the computer to use a peripheral device for which it does
not have the necessary connections or circuit boards.
7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to the motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard
house power) into DC voltages that are used by other components in the PC.
8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive
is used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the
operating system and applications.
9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. There are three types of
optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically access data stored on a DVD. A laser moves back and forth near the disk
surface and accesses data at a very fast rate.
Input Device is composed of a device that accepts data and instructions from the user or from another computer system.
Two (2) Types of Input Devices
1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.
2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create
machine-readable data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.
Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices
1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer (cursor) on screen.
2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translates the information into a form the
computer can use.
3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech or voice recognition systems that allow a user to send audio
signals to a computer for processing, recording, or carrying out commands
Output device shows or displays information and presents data.
Storage device is any apparatus for recording computer data in a permanent or semi-permanent form.

ACTIVITY:
Direction: In the puzzle below, look for the 10 hidden computer devices and determine whether it belongs to INPUT, OUTPUT or
STORAGE DEVICE.

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