PARTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF KG AND PRIMARY SCHOOL

PROJECT

LOCATION: OROMIA NATIONAL

REGIONAL
STATE, SHEGER CITY
ADMINISTRATION, FURI SUB-CITY,
GEDA FAJI WOREDA

PROMOTER: Bogala Amde

SUBMITTED TO: FURI SUB-CITY EPA

August, 2023
SHEGGER, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA

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Table of Contents
LIST OF ACRONYMS.......................................................................................................................... 3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................... 4
1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 7
1.1. General Overview........................................................................................................7
1.2 Objectives of EIA study...............................................................................................8
1.3 Methodology...............................................................................................................9
1.4. Report Structure.........................................................................................................10
1.5 Gap in knowledge.......................................................................................................11
2. SCOPING REPORT....................................................................................................................... 11
2.1. Limits of the Study Area:..........................................................................................12
2.2. Valued Ecosystem within the Study Area to be impacted:........................................12
3. ADMINISTRATIVE, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK:.................................................13
3.1 Policy and Legislative Framework:............................................................................13
3.1.1 National Policy........................................................................................................13
3.1.2 Environmental Regulations....................................................................................16
3.1.3 Regulations Pertaining to Standards......................................................................17
3.2. Regulatory or Administrative Framework.................................................................18
3.2.1 The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA):..................................................18
3.2.2 Regional Environmental Protection Bureau:.........................................................18
3.2.3 The Federal and Regional Investment Agencies:....................................................18
4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................ 19
4.1. Background of the project.........................................................................................19
4.1.1. Project Location and accessibility..........................................................................19
4.1.2 Back ground of Furi City..................................................................................20
A. Location of the City..............................................................................................20
B. Population of the City..........................................................................................20
4.1.2. Project objective:....................................................................................................20
Specific Objectives of the Project..................................................................................20
4.1.3. Project justification.................................................................................................21
5. ASSESSMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE.............................................24
5.1. Biological and Physical baseline information...........................................................24
5.1.1. Climatic conditions:................................................................................................24
5.1.2 .Water Resources.....................................................................................................24
5.1.3 Soils.........................................................................................................................24
5.2. Socio-Economic Baseline Information......................................................................25
5.2.1. Population and settlement pattern:.........................................................................25
5.2.2. Health facilities:......................................................................................................25
5.2.3. Education:...............................................................................................................25
5.2.4. Infrastructure and Social services...........................................................................25
5.2.5. Historical or archaeological resource:....................................................................26
5.2.6. Gender Equity Issues:.............................................................................................26
5.2.7 Public Attitude and perception................................................................................26
6. Potential Environmental and social impact identification and significance
.............................................................................................................................................................. 28

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 6.1. General overview.......................................................................................................28
6.2. Beneficial impacts.....................................................................................................29
6.2.1. Economic, Environmental and Social benefits:......................................................29
6.3. Adverse impacts Identification, Analysis and proposed Mitigation Measures.........32
6.3.1. Pre-construction Phase adverse Impacts:................................................................33
6.3.2. Construction Phase Negative Impacts and proposed Mitigation measures
33
6.4. Cumulative of the project impacts on the environment and its significance.............42
6.4.1 Significance of Impacts...........................................................................................42
7. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES AND PROPOSED ACTIONS.............................................43
8. Environmental and Social Impact Management and Monitoring Plan.....................43
8.1. General......................................................................................................................43
8.1.1. Environmental and Social Policy...........................................................................44
8.1.2. Assessing Environmental Effects (Environmental Aspects)..................................45
8.1.3. Compliance with Laws/Regulations......................................................................45
8.1.4. Objectives...............................................................................................................45
8.1.5. Labor and Working Conditions..............................................................................46
8.2. Terrestrial Ecological management plan...................................................................47
8.4. Air quality management plan....................................................................................49
8.5. Emergency Preparedness and Response management Plan......................................50
8.5.1. Scope and Applicability of the Emergency Action:...............................................50
8.5.2. General Emergency Procedures.............................................................................51
8.6. Monitoring.................................................................................................................55
8.8.1. Overview................................................................................................................55
8.8.2. Review of an environmental plan...........................................................................55
8.2.3. Environmental monitoring program and parameters..............................................59
8.9. Management, Co-ordination and Information...........................................................60
9. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................ 65
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................... 67

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LIST OF ACRONYMS
ARD Agricultural and rural development office

BOD Biochemical oxygen demand

COD Chemical oxygen demand
EIA Environmental impact assessment

EM Effective microorganisms
EMP Environment management plan
EPA Environment protection agency
ETI Ethical trading initiative
EUR Euro
Ha hectare
HRM Human resource manager
HSE health, safety and environment
ILO International Labor Organization
IPM Integrated pest management
LD Lethal dose
MSDS Materials safety data sheets
NGO Nongovernmental organization
OHS Occupational health and safety
PRS Passive refrigeration system
PLC Private limited company
PPE Personal protective equipment’s
REI Re- entry interval
SQ Socially qualified
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Partial Environmental and social Impact Assessment (PESIA) study of proposed
“Bogala Amde project has been conducted by Private Environmental consultancy.
Project proponent is Bogala Amde. The assessment purpose is to identify sensitive
environmental components likely to be affected by the project and evaluate the
potential impacts associated with project implementation and subsequent operation, and
prepare plans and recommendations regarding measures that will minimize adverse
impacts and enhance beneficial impacts.

The proposed Bogala Amde is intending to be established on 0.1565 hectare of land in

Oromia National Regional State, Furi Sub-city.The project will require total of about
4.1 million capital investment to establish the farm and supposed to create job
opportunity for 38 workers.

Environmental and social impact assessments made here are in conformity with the
requirements of Ethiopian Environmental Protection act No.299/2002as well as
international environmental guidelines where national guidelines are not available.
Laws, Policies and institutions were considered for the dual purposes of identifying
potential project constraints, and establishing background for realistic, sensitive
recommendations. With this respect, policy, legislative and institutional issues that are
most relevant to educational projects in general and kindergarten and primary school
projects in particular have been reviewed. The nature of project, in view of the severity
of project-associated impacts places it in category, thus requires a full Environmental
and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).

The fundamental objective of the environmental assessment is to ensure that the

proposed Academy project is environmentally sound and contributes to the
development of environmentally friendly effects. It is also expected to provide a means
whereby the overall environmental performance of this project can be enhanced.

The methodology used follows the conventional pattern for Education development
project ESIA study and meets the requirements of EPA’s Environmental Impact
Assessment guideline. Data collection both from primary and secondary sources;
identification and analysis of significant environmental issues on the basis of those

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data; choosing mitigation and enhancement measures; and developing environmental
protection, monitoring and management plans are the methodological approaches
followed in conducting this EIA study.

An initial environmental examination and environmental scoping exercise has been

carried out with the following main objectives, to define the limits of the study area,
define list of valued ecosystem components within the study area, list of activities, type
and magnitude of the proposed project and define list of Impacts to be studied.

Baseline Environmental Condition of the Project area to Bogala Amde project has both
bio-physical and socio-cultural aspects. The land is obtained from the government
through lease from the land prepared for investment.

Based on the findings of the assessment, it is reasonable to conclude that the

environmental impacts of establishment of Bogala Amde project Furi Sub-city
administration will be minor, of low magnitude, low intensity and low sensitivity; they
would be duly mitigated by incorporating the suggested measures. Implementing the
environmental management plan (EMP), which forms an integral part of the EIA
process, will ensure the environmental compliance of Bogala Amde. Environmental
management is concerned with implementation of the measures necessary to minimize
or offset adverse impacts and to enhance beneficial impacts. Unless the mitigation and
benefit enhancement measures identified in the ESIA are fully implemented, the prime
function of ESIA, which is to provide a basis for shaping the project to enhance the
overall environmental performance cannot be achieved.

The implementation of the project will bring several beneficial impacts while the
negative impacts can be reduced to an acceptable level through a holistic planning and
implementation of the environmental management plan. Thus, it can be concluded that
the project benefits by-far outweigh its adverse socio-economic and socio-ecological
impacts as these two can be mitigated by proper utilizations of the suggested mitigation
measures.

To this effect, based on the conclusions of the ESIA study and on the assessment made
with professional judgment, it is safe to recommend approval of the project, since the
establishment of Bogala Amde will boast benefits of economic gains while sustainably
modifying the social and physical environment. Therefore, as long as the company
implements the proposed mitigation measures and recommendations, the Residual

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impacts of the project will be maintained at an acceptable level and the project
contributes significantly in the development of Educational development in the country
and ensures the socio-economic benefit both in the short and long term by addressing
the demand for education access in the country and significantly contribute for
education development program.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. General Overview

As a form of investment made on people, education plays a pivotal role in human resource
development. Investment in education is made with intent of better returns in the future. This
proposition is more supported by human capital theorists. To them an investment in Education
is an investment in the productivity of the population” With in other area of investment, society
expects a reasonably quantitative and qualitative returns from its educational system where
people are the subject of the potential investment Since the interaction between Education,
Economic and Social development has been broadly recognized the educational system of any
country is meant to serve its development objectives. However, the realization of the
established objectives is largely dependent on an efficient and effective management system of
resources. It is also important to note that education can enhance development if it is “relevant
and appropriate” to the needs and demands of the community. The need and demand of Furi
Community is to learn in their mother tongue. The need to bring about planned and positive
changes though implementing this Project by probing in to the present practices and rectifying
the observed weaknesses in the educational system is therefore, unquestionable. Therefore this
project will contribute towards producing the well learned human power in the region as well
as in the country.

The promoter of this project, Bogala Amde, has intended to invest on Kindergarten and
Primary School to be implemented in Furi Sub-city, Oromia region. The project is
envisaged to develop 0.5 hectare of land under modern management.

Accordingly, the proponent of the project, has hired a team of experts to undertake
environmental impact assessment study for the irrigated agricultural production project
so that the team be able to identify adverse environmental impacts likely to be arise
from the use of agrochemicals, water use and waste management, occupational safety
and health issues and environmental management systems employed by the firm
through its project life time.

As per the requirement of EIA study, the assigned team of experts carried out EIA for
the project under the consideration. The report contains findings of EIA carried out as
integral part of the assignment.

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1.2 Objectives of EIA study

Any development project can cause both positive and negative effects on its
surrounding environment and socio-economic features. Positive effects should be
clearly identified and methods to enhance them should be developed in order to
optimize the benefits while negative effects or impacts should also be clearly identified
and methods of alleviating or mitigating them in order to reduce or avoid the danger
they can cause should also be established and utilized.
With respect to this, this document has the following objectives: -
 Assess the baseline environmental condition of the proposed land to be
granted for the promoter and surrounding area.
 Predicting and evaluating impacts associated with the implementation and
subsequent operation of Bogala Amde.
 Reviewing the measures set by the project and formulation of plans and
recommendations regarding measures to be taken to minimize adverse
impacts and encourage beneficial impacts.

1.3 Methodology
The methodology follows the conventional pattern for agricultural development project
environmental impact assessment and meets the requirements for environmental
protection authority (EPA) environmental impact assessment procedural guideline with
specific focus on Education sector guideline. The EIA which included establishing
baseline data of the project area, project impact assessment, mitigation measures and
environment management plan was carried out covering the following typical issues:

 Description of Bogala Amde

 Policy, Regulatory and Administrative Framework;
 Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions;
 Significant Environmental and Social Impacts; and
 Environmental Management Plan;
Summary of the methods and approaches used for the environmental study is presented
as follows:

1.3.1. Review of Data and Information

 Review of relevant documents and reports on existing physical environment,
biological environment, government environment policy and regulations.

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  Physical and socio economic profile of the district is collected from district
ARD and health office. The current existing environmental situation of the area,
necessary to provide the basic background for impact identification assessment,
has been obtained from these sources..
 Review of Business Plan Document of the promoter-The business plan of the
company has been examined and used as secondary source of relevant data
regarding Academic process. Data and information collected from this source
include:
o Education type
o Education process, methods, and steps,
o Waste product type, methods of disposal and handling
o Project innovative aspect
o Bogala Amde introduction of new technology
o Secondary quantitative data about the socioeconomic features of
the project environment are gathered from the socioeconomic
study publications of the district
1.3.2. Site observation

The current situation of the proposed farmland is determined by personal observation.

Site visit was carried out on March 16/2021 in order to gain actual knowledge of the
existing environmental conditions of the project area. The site visit included collection
of information on physical resources, ecological resources, economic development
activities, socioeconomic aspects, health, cultural and other values in the project area.

1.3.3. Consultation with the public and relevant organizations

Discussion and consultation has been conducted with local people and relevant
organizations that include district administration officials, education and health office
and neighboring projects. This enabled to catch background information significant to
impact assessment and environment management and, in particular, to identify any
areas of specific concern which needed to be addressed by the owners. The
Consultations made was aimed at providing relevant information about the company;
discussion on possible adverse and beneficial effects of the education to the community
and to collect recommendation on ways of tackling the perceived adverse effects and
maximizing the benefit of the education.

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1.4. Report Structure
The ESIA report is organized in nine sections. Section one is the introduction that
briefly describe about the project, its objectives, methodologies and the report structure.
Section two provides scoping report. The third section discusses the pertinent
environment policies, laws and regulations. Section four is about the brief description
of Bogala Amde. Section five discusses the details of the existing biophysical, human
population, socio-cultural and institutional settings thereby establishing environmental
baseline data for the farm area. Potential adverse Environmental and social impacts and
benefits of the Education during its pre-construction, construction and operation stages
are elaborated in section six followed by project alternatives in seven. Analysis of
alternatives and proposed action in section eight, then environmental monitoring
program in nine whereas conclusion and recommendation pertaining to the EIA is
provided in section ten. List of appendices are also attached.

1.5 Gap in knowledge

The need to protect the environment and sensitive areas from possible and irreversible
damage is not yet fully in place in Ethiopia.

This sector is booming in Ethiopia but is not properly regulated by the government.
This situation can be characterized as ‘Deregulation of the Sector’, and some of the
Reasons for this could be the following;

o Lack of sufficient laws to regulate the sector,

o The existing laws are not well implemented,
o Lack of political commitment within government agencies to enforce laws, and
o Government’s desire to attract FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) is manifested in
deregulation of the sector.

The OEPA was established in 2002. It has been restructured and renamed the Oromia
Land and Environmental Protection Bureau in 2009 and EPA since 2022. This Bureau
is now conducting EMP. Accordingly, allocation of land for all activities is done by
this bureau which was previously carried out by the Investment Bureau. Therefore, EIA
has become a prerequisite for all investors to lease any land in Oromia Regional State is
a good opportunity to bridge the gap.

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2. SCOPING REPORT

The process of identifying the main issues that need to be covered in an ESIA is
referred to as scoping. Scoping focuses the assessment on the most important issues,
while making sure that indirect, secondary and cumulative effects are not overlooked. It
should delineate both the geographical study area and the precise topics to be studied.

In the aim of defining the limits of the study area for the project and drawing up lists of
activities and impacts to be studied during the assessment, the local consulting team
carried out an initial environmental examination and scoping.
The scoping exercise has been carried out with the following main objectives:
 To define the limits of the study area,
 To define lists of activities, type and magnitude of the proposed project, and
 To assess and include views and concerns of key stakeholders on the scope of
EIA study.
In order to carry out the above tasks, the local consulting team employed different tools
and techniques relevant to the proposed project like using environmental scoping
checklists, consultations with different stakeholders (including experts, project affected
communities, local administrators and sector institutions, etc.) and informal discussions
and talks with prominent individuals, local elders, women groups and general public in
the project areas.

2.1. Limits of the Study Area:

The Environmental and social Impact Assessment study is conducted in those areas that
would be project core zone which is directly impacted and buffer zone which is
indirectly impacted by the proposed project implementation. Direct project affected
covers 0.1565 ha of lands, and indirect project site refers to those areas immediately
surrounding the project, which indirectly impacted by project operations. The project
study is therefore climate to those areas which are directly or indirectly impacted by the
project.

2.2. Valued Ecosystem within the Study Area to be impacted:

The proposed academy is located in Oromia National Regional State, Furi Sub-city.
Therefore, there are no as such significant quantities of landscape and water source that

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can be affected by the project. With the interview made with land owners, they have
already paid all the necessary compensation in line with the existing government
guideline. Since the project is focused on education there is no significant impact on
community. There is no flow of wastage and pollutions based on nature of the project.

3. ADMINISTRATIVE, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK:

3.1 Policy and Legislative Framework:

The ESIA study for Bogala Amde Project was carried out within the framework of the
local and national environmental regulation and guidelines. Ethiopia adopted its
Constitution in 1995, which provides the basic and comprehensive principles and
guidelines for environmental protection, and management in the country. The FDRE
consists of the Federal State and Regional States. Proclamations 33/ 1992, 41/1993 and
4/ 1995 defined the duties and responsibilities of the Regional States which include
planning, directing and developing social and economic development programs as well
as protection of natural resources. Accordingly the legislative frameworks applicable
to the proposed project are relevant proclamations, national environmental guidelines
and regulations issued by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) and
that of the Oromia Regional Government are outlined below.

3.1.1 National Policy

3.1.1.1. The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE, 1997): The policy provides a
number of guiding principles that indicate and require a strong adherence to sustainable
development, and a high commitment to, among other things, the need:
 to ensure that environmental impact assessments consider not only physical and
biological impacts but also address social, socio-economic, political and cultural
conditions;
 to ensure that public and private sector development programs and projects
recognize any environmental impacts early and incorporate their containment
into the development design process;
 to recognize that public consultation is an integral part of EIA and ensure that
EIA procedures make provision for both an independent review and public
comment before consideration by decision makers; and

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  to ensure that an environmental impact statement always includes mitigation
plan for environmental management problems and contingency plans in case of
accidents;
This policy sets the scene for developments and projects within Ethiopia, particularly
those of national significance. The policy underpins the regulatory requirements for
EIA and pollution control and requires developers to aspire to the highest international
standards of environmental and social management for project development.

3.1.1.2. The Investment Proclamation No. 37/1996: The proclamation provides the
power of allocating land for investment operation to the regional governments. It lays
down major framework for the use of rural land for natural resources development and
conservation which may not be allocated for private investment especially on that of
the peasant holding. Furthermore, the provision of this proclamation states that the
investors shall submit the development proposals on the land utilization plan by
ensuring that the venture will not disrupt environmental security and shall be accepted
to the public.

3.1.1.3. Proclamation to Provide for the Conservation, Development And

Utilization of Forests (Proclamation No. 94/1994): The proclamation states the
conservation, development and sustainable utilization of forests play a decisive role in
combating the grave and alarming situation in soil erosion and in arresting the expansion
of desertification and ecological imbalance.

3.1.1.4. Council Of Ministers Regulations on the Payment of Compensation for

Property Situated On Landholdings Expropriated For Public Purposes (Council Of
Ministers Regulations No. 135. /200 7):

These Regulations are issued by the Council of Ministers pursuant to Article 5 of the
Definition of Powers and Duties of the Executive Organs of the Federal Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia Proclamation No. 471/2005 and Article 14(1) of the Expropriation
of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation Proclamation No.
455/2005 with a purpose of not only paying compensation but also to assist displaced
persons to restore their livelihood.

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3.1.1.5. Ethiopian Water Resources Management Proclamation (Proclamation No
197/2000')Article 11 of this proclamation states that without prejudice to the exceptions
specified under Article 12 of this Proclamation, no person shall perform the following
activities without having obtained a permit from the Supervising body (Ministry of water
and Energy or delegated bodies): construct waterworks; supply water, whether for his
own use or for others; transfer water which he/she abstracted from a water resource or
received from another supplier; and release or discharge waste into water resources
unless otherwise provided for in the regulations to be issued for the implementation of
this Proclamation.

Any person shall be required to discuss his/her proposal with the supervising body prior
to applying\ for a permit for the purposes specified in Sub-Article (I) of this Article.
Article 12 states any person shall utilize water resources for the following purposes
without holding a permit issued by the Supervising body: dig water wells by hand or use
water from hand-dug wells; use water for traditional irrigation, artisanal and for
traditional animal rearing, as well as for water mills.

3.1.1.6 A Proclamation to Provide For the Registration and Control of Pesticide No

674/2010. This Proclamation is issued to enact a comprehensive legislation to regulate
the manufacture, formulation, import, export, transport, storage, distribution, sale, use
and disposal of pesticides , for the reason that, pesticide utilization for different purposes
such as raising of crops has been growing steadily, hence, it becomes necessary to lay
down a scheme of control which would minimize the adverse effects that pesticide use
might cause to human beings , animals, plants and the environment.

Hence, the Federal Government has issued this proclamation to prohibit the production,
import and utilization of pesticides which has hazardous effects on humans, animals and
environment and do not meet the standards set and not registered by the Federal Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development .

In this Proclamation under Part 2 No. 3/1 it is declared that it is prohibited to formulate,
manufacture, import, pack, re – pack, label, sell, distribute, store, or use a pesticide not
registered by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

3.1.1.7. A Proclamation to Provide for Research and Conservation of Cultural

Heritage (Proclamation No 209/2000): This proclamation states that any conservation

Page 15
and restoration work on Cultural Heritage shall be carried out with the prior approval of
the Authority. Where the expenses required for the conservation and restoration are
beyond the means of the owner, the government may grant the necessary assistance to
cover part of such expenses. It also states any person shall ensure the preservation of
cultural heritage situated on land which is given to him in usufruct and an immovable
Cultural Heritage may not be removed from its original site without the prior written
approval of the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage which is
accountable to the Minister of Information and Culture. Any person shall notify the
Authority before removing registered movable Cultural Heritage from its original site.

3.1.2 Environmental Regulations

3.1.2.1. The Environmental Protection Organization Establishment Proclamation
No. 295/2002: The proclamation establishes a system that enables coordinated but
differentiated responsibilities among environmental protection agencies at Federal and
Regional levels. The proclamation stipulates the need for the establishment of Sectorial
and Regional Environmental Units and Agencies. The principal organization
responsible for environmental protection is the Environmental Protection Authority
(EPA), which operates at both Federal and Regional levels.

3.1.2.2. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation No. 300/2002: This

Proclamation states "No Person or establishment shall pollute or cause any other person
to pollute the environment by violating the relevant environmental standards.”
Environmental standards specified in the proclamation include:
 Standards for the discharge of effluents into water bodies and sewage systems;
 Air quality standards that specify the ambient air quality and give the allowable
amounts of emission for both stationary and mobile air pollution sources;
 Standards for the types and amounts of substances that can be applied to the soil
or be disposed of on or in it;
 Standards for noise providing for the maximum allowable noise level taking
into account the settlement patterns and the availability of scientific and
technological capacity in the county; and
 Waste management standards specifying the levels allowed and the methods to
be used in the generation, handling, storage, treatment, transport and disposal of
the various types of waste.

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The EIA includes several management plans to address standards specified in the
Proclamation and to mitigate the impacts of the project on the environment.

3.1.2.3. Solid -Waste Management Proclamation No. 513/2007: The solid waste
management proclamation stipulates, among others, that « Each Region or
administration unit shall set its own schedule, and based on that, prepare its solid
waste management plan and report implementation. It further spells out that each
administration unit shall ensure that measures are taken to prevent pollution from
mishandling of solid wastes. Similarly, existing institutional arrangements overseeing
the environmental performance of the industry were summarized. A waste
management plan will be prepared during the detailed design stage of the project to
mitigate the impacts through reduction in the use of consumable items, recycling of
materials, and disposal of hazardous wastes at certified locations.

3.1.2.4. The Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No. 299/2002: The

proclamation formalizes EIA as a mandatory legal prerequisite for the implementation
of major development projects, programs and plans. Environmental impact assessment
is used to predict and manage the environmental effects that a proposed developmental
activity could bring about some drawbacks and risks. The design, sitting, construction,
operation or ongoing one as a result of its modification or termination intends and thus
helps to bring about intended development. This proclamation is a proactive tool and a
backbone to harmonizing and integrating environmental, economic, cultural, and
social considerations into a decision making process in a manner that promotes
sustainable development.

3.1.3 Regulations Pertaining to Standards

3.1.3.1. Effluent Standards: Ethiopia has no national standards governing effluent
discharges from industries. However, since 2003 Ethiopia has had draft regulations
governing the quality of the effluent discharged from facilities to public sewers and
surface water systems (EPA, 2003). These draft guidelines require the facility to meet
certain basic water quality standards for trade effluent including sewage as shown in
Table 3 below.

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During the detailed design stage of the project, facility requirements will be finalized
and will require use of sewage systems that conform to international standards and
criteria for the protection of potable water sources downstream.

3.1.3.2. Noise Standards: Ethiopia has no national legislation for noise, but World
Bank guidelines have been adopted by EPA and are used for benchmarking purposes
along with the draft National Noise Standards that are being prepared. The guideline
for daytime perimeter noise is 55 decibels (dBA). Table 3.2 provides noise standards
being adopted by EPA for Ethiopia.
Table 2: Limit Values for Noise level

Limits in DBA
Area Code Category of area
Day time1 Night time2

A Industrial area 75 70

B Commercial area 65 55

C Residential area 55 45

1 Day time reckoned to be between 6.00 am to 9.00pm

2 Night time reckoned to be between 9.00pm to 6.00am

3.1.3.3. Ambient Air quality Standards: Ethiopia has no national legislation for air
quality, but World Bank guidelines have been adopted by the EPA and are used for
benchmarking purposes along with the draft National air quality Standards that are in
preparation by the EPA.

3.2. Regulatory or Administrative Framework

3.2.1 The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA):

The Environment Protection Authority is an institution responsible for preparing
environmental policies for the country and then, following government approval, to
prepare the legislation at the national level supervising and inspecting the
implementation process.

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3.2.2 Regional Environmental Protection Bureau:
The Regional Environmental Protection Bureau has the responsibility to ensure all
development projects or programs are executed in a manner set forth in the EIA
requirements.

3.2.3 The Federal and Regional Investment Agencies:

Both have the responsibility to provide the investment licenses provided that the EIA is
taken into account.

4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4.1. Background of the project

As a form of investment made on people, education plays a pivotal role in human resource
development. Investment in education is made with intent of better returns in the future. This
proposition is more supported by human capital theorists. To them an investment in Education
is an investment in the productivity of the population” With in other area of investment, society
expects a reasonably quantitative and qualitative returns from its educational system where
people are the subject of the potential investment Since the interaction between Education,
Economic and Social development has been broadly recognized the educational system of any
country is meant to serve its development objectives. However, the realization of the
established objectives is largely dependent on an efficient and effective management system of
resources. It is also important to note that education can enhance development if it is “relevant
and appropriate” to the needs and demands of the community. The need and demand of Furi
Community is to learn in their mother tongue. The need to bring about planned and positive
changes though implementing this Project by probing in to the present practices and rectifying
the observed weaknesses in the educational system is therefore, unquestionable. Therefore this
project will contribute towards producing the well learned human power in the region as well
as in the country.

Page 19
4.1.1. Project Location and accessibility

Oromia National Regional State is one of the largest Regional States in the Federal
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Geographically, the Region extends from 3o 24'20"–
10o 23'26"N latitudes and 34o 07'37"-42o 58'51"E longitudes. It shares borderlines
with all the Regional States in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, except
Tigray. It also shares international borderlines with the Republic of the Sudan (with 66
km borderline) in the west and Kenya Republic (with 521km) in the south (Finfinne,
2011). The total Area of the Region is 363,136 km2 , accounting for about 34.3 percent
of the total area of the country. Administratively, the Region is divided into 14
administrative zones, 192 woredas (more than 6,342 households and 482 urban
dwellers Kebeles (BoFED, 2008).

The visualized Project is will be located in Oromia Region, Furi Sub-city. The project
is located at about 2 Kms away from Finfine length wise main road to jimma.

The Geographical location of project site is very suitable for construction. Because of
the project site nearness to Finfine, there is adequate possibility to access any
infrastructure when it required without any challenges. This nearness also helps the
owner of the project to influence the Oromo’s society living in Finfine who’s teaching
their teenagers in Amharic and other languages. Our vision always promoting afaan
Oromo and Culture of Oromo in the mind of teenagers.

Figure 4.1 Physical Characteristics

4.1.2 Back ground of Furi City

A. Location of the City

Furi is located in Oromia National Regional State, Sheger city administration at a

distance of 10 km from Addis Ababa. Its astronomical location is between 9º01'29" N -
9º06' North Latitude and between 38 º 53'42" E - 38 º 55'30" East Longitude.

B. Population of the City

Based on population projection by Oromia Urban Planning Institute the estimated

population of Furi Sub-city in 2007 was 210,000 at medium variant.

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4.1.2. Project objective:

The general Objectives of the project is to provide our students with a nurturing and
safe environment conducive to learning, where they can develop a desire to be
challenged, a sense of independence and self-confidence and most important a love of
learning that will set a strong foundation for their future.

Specific Objectives of the Project

 To help the learner acquire basic knowledge of linguistics, literature and

language skills in general and Afan Oromo in particular.
 To equip the learner with basic professional knowledge, concepts and skills
which enable them to engage in various settings,
 To provide the learner with the general rules and principles of the language with
respect to literature, mass media, public relations and communication.
 To develop joint and student-centered learning and use problem solving
techniques in a number of different situations.
 Improve and maintain the quality of education to students through providing
quality education and preparing them for secondary schools.
 Promoting the afaan Oromo and Oromo’s Culture which contribute towards
socio economic developments of the region
 Reduce Un employment in the Furi Sub-city through giving them priority to un
employed persons living in the city without compromising the quality of
education.
 Generate revenue for the region because of the project tax center is Oromia
 Expanding the same Project in other special Zone areas based on impact
assessment after five years.

4.1.3. Project justification

Bogala Amde will be the Top of the Oromia largest education and training provider.
The academy is intent on further developing a distinctive role in the kindergarten and
Primary education system through:

 The provision of specialisms in areas of afaan Oromo, that will be developed in

consultation with Oromia Education Bureau, Furi Edecation Bureu,

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 Professionals in Afaan Oromo from Addis Ababa University and Oromo
Cultural Office .
 Developing Curriculum through centralizing Afaan Oromo.
 Promoting and developing the Viewpoint of Oromo’s culture in the mind of
teenagers
 Our approach to strategic partnerships to meet the needs of our stakeholders at
all levels.

Generally, the provision of specialism in Afaan Oromoo is the catalyst for Bogala
Amde to take on a new role in the system, leading education provision to support
industry sectors that are key contributors to Oromia’s economic growth and future
Prosperity. We will develop this role by working closely with our region’s key
industries and other stakeholders to provide outstanding learning and employment
opportunities which help to promote the region’s reputation for being innovative,
forward looking and a destination of choice.

The tertiary sector as a whole is changing fundamentally in response to

internationalization, globalization and technological change. New models of
collaboration and specialism are emerging, made possible by unbundling the
development, delivery and assessment of learning.

At the same time the Government of Oromia is moving towards an investment

approach that recognizes that individual institutions can play a role that extends beyond
regional and national boundaries, and that institutions do not need to duplicate each
other’s activities, especially in the design and delivery of programs.

Bogala Amde is actively engaged with the implications of these changes and has
already commenced a major institution wide programme to transform itself into a 21st
century learning organization. Our investment plan outlines how this programme is
positioning us not only to respond to the needs of our learners, but at the same time to
play a leading role in the development of new collaborative approaches and make a
unique contribution to the system as a whole.

The point of difference of Bogala Amde in the tertiary and secondary education system
comes from our role as a regional, meeting the needs of learners in afaan Oromo and
education industry in the Top of Oromia and in Ethiopia. We have a vision to bring a

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change at Regional and National level through promoting afaan Oromo and Culture of
Oromo consistently.

4.1.4. Inputs/Predictable facilities process

The academy Management will contentiously work with students family and family
representatives. Any complain from students and family seriously resolved and
disclosed to the concerned body on time on written form. There will be a consistency
meeting with parents. There will be child care policy and guidelines in our academy.
Performance assessment will be conducted at the end of each week and communicated
to all concerned body. All employees will be recruited will trained to take care and
responsible for all students. There will be also guidance and counseling unit for all
students. One nurse also will be recruited for health emergency especially for
kindergarten school.

The project planned to construct very smart class rooms with modern entertainment
place for students. The structure for Kindergarten and primary school is different in
design and compound. Any relevant technology equipment for each class will be fixed.

The Academy will practice the following modern teaching learning approaches:

 New relationships regarding access to teachers, and a wider range of

communication and collaborative working through learning platforms
 Re-designing of curricula
 Bridging teaching and research more intensively
 Re-thinking of student workload and teaching load
 Continuous upgrading in pedagogy
 use of technologies
 Use of extra curriculum activities
 assessment models aligned with student-centered learning
 Creating of innovative learning platforms
 Providing guidance and tutoring to students with new means and methods
 Assessing impacts and documenting effectiveness of the teaching delivered
 Generally we will make happy and satisfy the need of parents through
delivering quality education to our students.

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 5. ASSESSMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE

5.1. Biological and Physical baseline information

I. Physical base line information

5.1.1. Climatic conditions:

In the district the amount of temperature that receives is greatly modified by latitude
and longitude extent.

 The months of April, May, June and September have a high chance of
precipitation.
 Furi has dry periods in January, November and December.
 The warmest month is May with an average maximum temperature
of 25°C (77°F).
 The coldest month is December with an average maximum
temperature of 20°C (68°F).
 August is the wet month. This month should be avoided if you
are not a big fan of rain.
 November is the driest month.
 December is the sunniest month.

5.1.2 .Water Resources.

Historical sources show that the sub-city got its present name from the two major rivers
called bordering and passing through the sub-city and its surrounding areas.

There is a positive correlation between the river and the project site.

5.1.3 Soils
The study conducted by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of
Water Resources broadly identified the soils of of Furi are generally black in color and
underlain by gray soils that have significant swelling potential.. The soil in the study area is
mostly clay ranging from 53.6-75.3%, silt 22.9-33.6%.5.1.4. Topography and Landscape

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5.2. Socio-Economic Baseline Information

5.2.1. Population and settlement pattern:

Based on population projection by Oromia Urban Planning Institute the estimated
population of Furi Sub-city in 2007 was 21000 at medium variant.

5.2.2. Health facilities:

Health is an important part of the well-being of the population. Improving the health
status of the population is through improving the nutritional status, providing adequate
maternal and child health facilities, reducing the prevalence of infectious disease, and
then it contributes a lot to economic growth in several ways.

Since the location of the project in the sub-city there is no problem of healthy facility.

5.2.3. Education:
Education enables individuals and society to make all rounded participation in the
development process by acquiring knowledge, ability, skills and attitudinal changes.

Education also enables man to identify harmful traditions and replaces them by useful
ones, and helps man to improve, change, as well as develop and conserve his
environment for the purpose of an all-rounded development by diffusing science and
technology in to the society.

Regarding the educational facility of the project area, There are only one KG schools
(1-4) exist in the woreda Administration. For high level education, preparatory
education, local communities send their children to schools at another woreda which is
far from students and family. The community in the project area is highly in need of
high quality kindergarten and primary school.

5.2.4. Infrastructure and Social services

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Water Supply:-Nowadays, the harnessing and management of water supplies can
clearly be included among the most obvious and urgent problems facing developing
countries like ours. Water is a vital resource forming the basis of enhancement of other
natural resources compatible with safeguarding the environment.

There is a good access for water and other infrastructure since the location of the
project is in sub-city. The project can access all resources in the sub-city.

5.2.5. Historical or archaeological resource:

There is no reported historical or archaeological resource in the project area. During the
field visit, the study team could not encounter site of historical, cultural, religious and
archaeological importance impacted by the project. Enquiries to residents around the
project have indicated that there are no known sites of historical or archaeological
significance in the vicinity of the farm.

5.2.6. Gender Equity Issues:

There is gender inequality in the project area as it is also the case in most part of rural
community of Ethiopia. Women manage the bulk of house hold affairs in the area,
including food marketing and preparation, fetching water and collecting fuel wood, and
caring children. In addition, they also perform education activities and project
construction with men, such as land leveling, office administration and teaching and
others. This gender specific opportunity will address the historical disproportionate
burden of unemployment on woman. Consideration to be given for keeping the above
beneficial opportunity the project provider to women and actions to avoid work area
problems women can face. The actions to be taken include:

o Strict rule on work area regarding sexual harassments;

o Job security for women; and

o Appropriate payment (equal payment standard with men engaged on

equivalent workload).

5.2.7 Public Attitude and perception

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One of the important parts of ESIA is assessing the views of the affected or interested
groups, the stakeholders and communities found at different levels. Public consultation
helps the project to be understood by those groups and to incorporate their fear and
their concerns into the document so that the proponent will give attention to their
concern and take the necessary action if there is any adverse impact arise by the project
and work with these groups in solving the problems. The public consultation is
conducted based on the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia,
1995 Article (92) Chapter (10). As stated in the constitution, the principal objectives
of the public consultation could be described: “People have the right to full consultation
and to the expression of their views in the planning and implementation of
environmental policies and projects that affect them directly”. Public consultation
therefore plays a key role in bringing peoples’ participation into project planning, and
implementation that affects the people directly.

The opinions of the local people in the project area, has been gathered to find out their
views towards similar projects and its expansion in the area. Summary of the major
concern of the local population and officials include the following:

Positive views

 Appreciation of the project contribution to the local people by creating job

opportunity and changing the working culture of the community
 Concerned about new technology and skill transfer; community members who
employed in the project will gain new skill and knowledge
 Attract and encourage other large scale investment
 Increases the capital of Zonal administration through taxation and other fees
related to the farm directly and indirectly
 Women will have a chance of earning better income from the employment
opportunity from the project that help them to change their life and become
active participants on the socio- economic and political environment
 Increases individual and family income which has positive impact on the
growth and social wellbeing of children (nutrition, education, health etc.)
 Enhance the language and culture of the community

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 In conclusion: All of the participants unanimously agreed that , the project will be
beneficial as it would create job opportunities to the local community, as far as the
owners of the project give due emphasis or consideration for the above relevant
issues.

6. Potential Environmental and social impact identification and significance

6.1. General overview

This part of the report addresses potential impacts associated with the proposed project
and measures for both mitigating (i.e. avoidance, reduction, or restoration of) negative
impacts, and enhancing/optimizing of positive effects. In this sense, potential impacts
may not necessarily be the actual project impacts only; but also the anticipated or all
possible impacts due to the establishment and operations or implementation of the
project. Accordingly, in the impact assessment, the sources of impacts and their effects,
the environmental media or receptors of the impacts shall be identified to measure the
severity of the impacts against the national or international standards.

The major positive impacts of the proposed project are mainly those of economic
benefits at the national, regional and local level due to the saving of foreign exchange,
income from the taxation, and creation of employment as well as technology transfer,
capacity building of the citizens, while the key negative impacts are the spray of
pesticide, fungicide and other chemicals on water, soil air and human and salinity and
water related problems likely to occur from the use of agriculture. The receptor of
impacts (the environmental media) are evident from the baseline information. The
significance of the impacts such as the consequences or severity of any impacts can be
measured or assessed against the criteria set at the Regional, National or International
levels (the regional, national and international environmental policies and standards).

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In general, after thorough analysis of the sources of the impacts, the receptors and
available environmental policies and standards required impact mitigation measures at
different stages have been incorporated into the farm production Project. Hence, the
identification, analysis and synthesis of possible impacts (both beneficial and adverse
impacts) posed by the proposed project operations and suggested mitigation measures
for each impact is discussed below.

6.2. Beneficial impacts

The Establishment of this Bogala Amde project is envisaged to have significant

positive socio-economic impacts both on the local level in term of: skill development,
employment opportunities, improve infrastructure, increase knowledge transfer and
cultural heritage from the local market will boost the country’s economy, etc.
Moreover, the project will have significant positive impacts on the national level
through decreasing Ethiopian Illiteracy Rate.
Several potential positive impacts are primarily socioeconomic in nature and may
include:
 The project will partly satisfy domestically the demand of the country thus
saving foreign currency and generates income from taxes
 Produce the educated citizen
 Contribute to the education development of the region/ country.
 Create direct job opportunities as well as indirect job opportunities in the
ancillary services supporting -the operation of the project.
 Creates Employment Opportunities for women

6.2.1. Economic, Environmental and Social benefits:

6.2.1.1. Contribution to the national economy:

Impact Origin and characteristics

The envisaged project is expected to contribute to National Economic development
significantly, through boasting Ethiopian Education development.

Benefit enhancement measures: In order to enhance the maximum benefit from the
project, there is a need to execute the proposed project in a manner it benefits the
country at large by producing and maintaining the quality of education and introduction

Page 29
of environmentally friendly technologies that maximize the yield per a given area, are
some of the benefit enhancement measures proposed. Participating local professionals
at different stages of the project will enhance capacity building in the sector. It is also
an opportunity for professionals to acquire additional knowledge in the field, while the
company can also get an advantage of locally available skilled man power for
maintenance and expansion activities, so that operating costs can be minimized.

6.2.1.2. Creation of investment opportunities:

Impact Origin and characteristics

The project requires high level of investments, for building construction. The feasibility
study of the project indicates that the proposed project requires an initial investment of
4.1 million Birr. This will have a significant input to the investment capacity of the
regional government.
Benefit Enhancement Measures: There is a need to comply with public and private
requirements of producing citizen at low costs, so that benefits from the investment will
be maximized. This requires the effort of external institution and governmental bodies
to facilitate the investment process and credit facilities, to get the required benefits.

6.2.1.3. Employment opportunities:

Impact Origin and characteristics

The direct and indirect employment opportunity to be created for the society is another
economic benefit of the project. The feasibility study of the project indicates that, the
farm creates direct job opportunities for a total of 38, in which most of them to be the
local residents.

Measures to be taken to enhance the utmost benefits: There is a need to give special
consideration to enhance the positive effects of the project by maximizing the
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distribution of this employment related project benefit. This issue should be considered
at both national and local level. Hiring the local professionals and service providers at
all levels where possible enhances the national benefit. There is also a need to recruit
local available labor for positions that do not demand special skills. This enhances the
benefits of local communities. This measure not only maximizes the distribution of the
benefit but also promotes the projects social acceptability. In addition to the above
proposed measures that can enhance the direct employment benefits, procuring supplier
and services from local sources to the maximum extent possible benefits at each stage
of the project and enhances the indirect employment opportunity.

6.2.1.4. Employment Opportunities for Women

Impact Origin and characteristics

It is evident that, Women are efficient in carrying out and handling the assignment
given to them properly and seriously. As a result of such commitment, they are usually
preferred by many companies. This gender specific behavior creates equal, even better
employment opportunity for local woman. Of the total employees, more than 70 % are
women are supposed to working on the education activities, because females are
usually committed and to take great care for the children than male.

Benefit Enhancement Measures: Consideration to be given for keeping the above

beneficial opportunity the project provider to women and actions to avoid work area
problems women can face. The actions to be taken include: Strict rule on work area
sexual harassments, Job security, appropriate payment (equal payment standard with
men engaged on equivalent work load).

6.2.1.5. Social Benefits:

Impact Origin and characteristics

Local Income Generation and Livelihood Improvement:-The employment opportunity
to be created by the project will have social benefit beside the expected economic
benefit. The employment income from the project will have a substantial role for social

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livelihood improvement in the project area. This local income generation related social
benefit will have long term as well as cumulative benefits:
Poverty reduction: As a result of creation of jobs for the local communities, the
project will have a meaningful impact on poverty reduction as the project area is
inhabited by largely unemployed.
The employment priorities would focus on households subsisting below the poverty
line.
Education opportunity: The increased income from the employment in the project
will substantially improve the living standard of the community in the project impact
area. As a result, families can afford to send their children to schools and supply their
school needs adequately, where girls are the frontline beneficiaries'.
Benefit Enhancement Measures: Utilization of the available labor force in the area
enhances the benefits at local level. Outsourcing commercial activities, like cafeteria
services for local competitive service providers, will maximizes the social benefit of the
project as well.

6.2.1.6. Enhancement of Rural infrastructural Development:

Impact Origin and characteristics

The implementation of the project is expected to contribute to the development of
institutions that would provide social services to the local community. Since the project
is expected to involve hundreds of workers, this by itself induces the establishment of
medical and other service giving centers. Beside this, the project development induces
rural development potentials. According to the projects promoter explanation; they
have a bunch of plan for participating social services development programs. As part of
this EIA study, the promoter assigned the consultant to assess problem areas
concerning social services to prioritize according to the interest of the community.
Development of these services will have a substantial input to rural development
perspective. In addition to this, the project will have a contribution for the generation of
national income from taxation. This in turn, helps the government to implement various
social welfare schemes by which the community will be benefited.

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Benefit Enhancement Measures: Consideration should be given to the measures that
can maximize the benefits to be obtained by local community from the development of
the services intended by the proponent. Integrating local knowledge’s at each stage of
the intended program implementation will maximize the benefit of the services.
Participating the local administrative and community during planning implementation
& management is not only being an opportunity for facilitating the process, but also
makes the community to consider the services as their property.

6.3. Adverse impacts Identification, Analysis and proposed Mitigation Measures

The proposed project comprises different components to be executed at different phases of the
project life time. Breaking them down according to the type of activities will ease the
identification of their likely environmental impacts. The study team believes that the
convenient way to do so is to break down each activity into the following phases: pre-
construction, construction, and operation.

The proposed project is characterized with insignificant impacts at pre-construction and during
construction period, while there are significant environmental impacts during operational
phases. This section of the report presents adverse impacts and proposed mitigation measures
as below.

6.3.1. Pre-construction Phase adverse Impacts:

Prior to the construction and installation of facilities of the Bogala Amde project,
environmental management needs to be considering the following five principles:

 Ensuring that all government and concerned agency requirements and procedures
related to ESIA are completed,
 Implementation of land acquisition procedures through the payment of compensation
either to the community or to the government.
 Selection of technologies that minimizes adverse impacts and enhances beneficial
impacts,
 Preparation of detail designs for the farm layout, which incorporate specific features
aimed at minimizing adverse impacts and enhancing beneficial impacts.

 Preparation of contract document which contains appropriate clause to allow control of

impacts arising from the implementation processes.

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The project promoter will be responsible to handle the above issues before the
commencement of the construction, and the company should hire appropriate persons,
environmentalist and site engineer that facilitate planned project implementation and
environmental management during production. The concerned authorities at all level
should be responsible to ensure that environmental requirements are fully met and
included in the EIA statement report

6.3.2. Construction Phase Negative Impacts and proposed Mitigation measures

The construction phase of the project involves clearing, land leveling, transportation of
construction materials, and erection of machineries which have adverse impacts on:

 Damage on the soil and Alteration of land use pattern

 Impact on forest, wildlife and bird species
 Impact on Water sources
 Impact on Air Quality
 Accident and Hazard

6.3.2.1. Damage on the soil and alteration of land use pattern

Impact Origin and characteristics

Land clearing and leveling as well as dumping of excavated material can be a cause for
the alteration of landscape integrity in the project area. The land clearing work involves
moving of soils and removal of grasses. Such activities can be a possible impact origin
for alteration of landscape integrity; from the existing environmental features of the
project area point of view, the impact from land clearing and leveling will be
significant.

Mitigation Measures: Though the above-described impacts are significant they can be
avoided by undertaking the following mitigation measures:

 Grade limitation to avoid spoiling scenery and view lines with earthworks
 Dumping excavated material at selected suitable site and re-shaping it with the
dumping site
 Creating awareness on the value of conserving biodiversity in general and
indigenous species in particular among the workers engaged on the construction
activity

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  Minimizing the movement of vehicles and construction machineries particularly
outside the premise of the project site to avoid further destruction.

6.3.2.4 Impact on Air Quality

Impact Origin and characteristics

Local land degradation due to earth moving operation during the site preparation and
land leveling is the main air quality concern of the project during the construction stage
of the project. As the impact that can arise from the problem is localized, the
contribution of the project construction to air quality degradation is moderately
significant. However, as the dust storm can have visibility impact on site operation and
decrease breathing problem because of the suspended particles in the air, the problem is
an important issue that requires consideration.

Mitigation Measures: To avoid consequence of visibility loss during operation, the

practical option is to sprinkle water on fresh construction spoil, and instructing the site
workers on the procedures of construction and safety precaution.

6.3.2.5 Nuisance Noise

Impact Origin and characteristics

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Construction involves the operation of machinery and vehicles. As a result, some noise
pollution is expected in and close to the project site. However, because of the fact that
settlements are near the project site, the noise impact on the local population needs due
care. However, the production process doesn't involve the use of explosives and thus
does not entail significant noise that affects human population. The operation is
conducted during daytime where most of the people are in the field. There are no
institutions sensitive to noise such as settlement, schools, health institution or other
offices close to the project site.

6.3.2.6 Accident

Impact Origin and characteristics

Short duration increase in the traffic in the process of delivering supplies to the
construction site coupled with the concentration of casual labor can potentially increase
accident. Moreover, visibility problem that may be caused by dust storm during
clearing and land leveling may create accident problem in the site operation.

Mitigation Measures: The following proposed measures mitigate the impact:

 Train and equip some of the workers to voluntarily serve as a traffic service
person during the beginning and end of daily work,

 Aware workforce on the safety issues during site operation and on road safety,

 Put in place necessary sign post on site and near the gate.

6.3.2.6. Impact on Women

Impact Origin and characteristics

The proposed project is beneficial for women. But, some adverse impacts may arise
due to additional work load and responsibilities as a result of immigrants in the area.
Women in the area might are expected to risk of sexually transmitted diseases.
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 Mitigation Measures:

 Awareness creation among the women community and also for the workers
deployed in the area would minimize the impacts.

 Availing condoms at the project premises & promotion of its use shall be
undertaken in collaboration with the local health institutions.

6.3.3.7 Impacts from Waste Materials (solid and liquid wastes)

6.3.3.7.1. Solid Wastes caused Impacts

Impact Origin and characteristics

The proposed Project activities can produce different types of waste ranging from
liquid to solid, which is non-hazardous, and in effect require safe waste disposal and
differentiated treatment. It is known that there are waste materials like a paper and
others should be nee a good waste management system.

Suggested mitigation Measures to minimize solid Wastes caused Impacts

Management of pesticides use related wastes are an important issue that requires
consideration during production. Implementation of an Integrated Waste Management
System (IWMS) is the general recommended waste management approach. However as
agrochemicals, particularly pesticide, use related wastes require special consideration,
this section presents the study team’s proposed measures for their safe management.

The team proposed general IWMS will have the following elements, with the order of
their priority:

o Waste reduction at its source

o Waste reuse and recycling
o Proper disposal

6.3.3.7.2. liquid Wastes caused Impacts

Impact Origin and characteristics

The Project needs to have better procedures to manage their wastewater. The prominent of
the project needs to utilize EM technology which helps to breakdown the contents of the

Page 37
waste water to make sure the water draining into the ground is not good enough to
contaminate ground water. The growing plants nearby the discharge point of liquid waste
may provide an environmental and social friendly solution to dispose spray left over and
other pesticide contaminated water as a means natural infiltration.

Suggested mitigation measures to minimize liquid Wastes caused Impacts

 Adequate separation distances should be established to protect reservoirs or

borehole water used for drinking and environmentally sensitive wetlands.
Separation distances to water resources are considered necessary to provide barriers
to limit the passage of contaminants during normal land use activities or as a result
of chemical spills or similar emergencies.
 Phase out products which contain sodium if possible. The most commonly used
sodium carrier is sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Use potassium hydroxide (KOH), to
dissolve potassium bitartrate which can be good alternative.
 Reduce the COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the wastewater.
 Any metal scraps and other accident causing materials should be securely stored in
the store.
 Leaks and spillages from pesticide and fertilizer store should be cleaned using sand
and brush to avoid human contamination and water source contamination
 Disposing wastes from toilets into the septic to avoid contamination of ground
water
 Recycling of liquid wastes residuals as a primary option, or else, it should be
collected and stored in ‘an impermeable container’ or ‘solar evaporation pond’, and
be transported offsite for safe disposal at a local government approved waste
facility, remote from any sensitive environment. Recycling needs to be used as a
primary method of disposing solid wastes (includes packaging, washed chemical
drums, bags, and inert waste material, such as clean soil or rock), or disposing of
them “outside any sensitive environment at a local government approved waste
disposal facility”.

6.3.3.9. Economic Development Induced Adverse Impacts

A. Socio-Cultural Impacts

Impact Origin and Characteristics: Apparently, the project is likely to have some
positive change to socio economic situation of the area. The livelihood of the

Page 38
surrounding area will gradually shift from own agricultural production to salary-based
livelihood. This shift which may induce change in the life style will have a short-term
to medium-term consequence. Household resource management conflict, alcoholism,
widespread of crime, traditional social hierarchy and value system may be
compromised. However, because of the relative urban influence on the population of
the project area (the influence of the nearby sub-city on the local people is already
perceived), cultural conflict is not expected as a result of the arrival of local workers
from other area. The medium of instruction between workers also proposed to be afaan
oromo. Students also expected to be learn in afaan oromo.

C. Socio-Economic Impacts

Impact Origin and Characteristics:

Employees’ health hazard impacts can cause workers handicap as a result it brings a
cumulative socio-economic impacts during the project construction. The cumulative
impact of employee’s health hazard particularly, work area caused accidents related
partial or total handicappers will have significant social impact on the workers in
general and economic impact for his/her family in particular.

Suggested Mitigation Measures: In addition those recommendations that prevents the

root cause of the impact (i.e. preventing and controlling work area health hazardous)
during the project construction; facilitating insurance policy and procedures for work
area caused body damages particularly for permanent workers is the proposed
mitigation measures.
Mitigations measures

 Project site first aid should be constructed to examine cases which are relatively
easier to handle. Serious cases could be transferred and examined in hospitals
and other health facilities.

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  The project needs to provide the necessary transportation facility for the
employees which are coming from the nearby sub-citys.

 Avoid hiring of a youth with an age less than 18 years.

 Employees should have a privilege not to work on public holidays and gets the
appropriate payment if they choose on the holidays.
C) Impact from introduction new plant species

Impact Origin and Characteristics:

During introduction of new plant species as planting materials, there could be a risk of
introduction of new pests. In case of such situation; the project should be forced to
apply control measures which might include pesticides. This for sure will increase the
project cost of production and impact on the environment from extra utilization of
chemicals. Even if the products are introduced in to the country after thorough
inspection, the technology level and the growth stage of pest might lessen the rejection
probability of the imported material.

Mitigation measures

 Introduction of new planting materials will be in accordance with national laws

or regulations regarding importation of similar products.
 Getting specific permit for introduction of new plant species from the
concerned government body or agency

6.3.3.9. Non-hazardous wastes generation

Impact Origin and Characteristics:

Beside those hazardous wastes related to pesticides use, the mixed production process
and other related activities generates non-hazardous wastes like: plant residues,
population increment caused liquid and solid wastes, plastics, cardboards, papers, food
residues, etc. Disposal of decomposable solid wastes like plant residues, cardboards
and food residues can cause significant environmental impacts. When water percolates
through these solid wastes that are undergoing decomposition, both biological materials
and chemical constituents are leached into solution. The percolation of this leach ate to

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the soil causes soil quality degradation. It will also be a potential groundwater
pollutant. Nuisance odor is the other potential impact of the problem. Decomposition of
the solid in state of O2 can release SO2, CH4 gases with pungent smell. As
decomposing solid wastes are potential attracters of flies, rodents, and other vectors the
problem is a tract for human health.

Aesthetical value loss due to improperly dumped wastes is the other potential impact of
solid waste generation. Improperly managed product residue solid wastes can be toxic
for terrestrial animals (both wild and domestic) as well as small animals and birds.
Pesticides and other toxic chemicals that remain on the solid waste can enter the body
of these animals by direct consumption and/or inhalation. The toxicity can enter to the
food web as well.

Suggested Mitigation Measures: The following measures not only the impact source
but also mitigates the impact

 Recycling of old greenhouse covers where possible.

 Organic waste, particularly mixed waste material, should be composted in an
appropriate manner and reused on the farm. It is strictly forbidden to feed
animals with pesticide-contaminated material (mixed foliage, ferns, etc.)
 Provision of onsite toilet and bathing facility on proper location such as
avoiding proximity to water sources
 Awareness creation of the workforce about the pollution consequence of solid
waste and provide waste collection bins and professional engineered on site
landfill disposal facility.

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6.4. Cumulative of the project impacts on the environment and its significance

The area around the project site falls in the Oromia Shegger, Furit Sub-city. The Project is
expected to have synergistic impact on the education system and would contribute positively to
the employment. The cumulative impacts of establishment of the project will be positive
contribution to sustainable development and up graduation of the quality of microenvironment as
well as macro environment and improvement in quality of the socioeconomic environment.

6.4.1 Significance of Impacts

Impacts Rating

The checklist presented in table below for Bogala Amde project provides the screening of
potential environmental impact on different components of ecosystem of Furi Sub-city.

Overall Rating of Sensitivity:

Low 48

Medium 14

High 0

The Overall rating indicates that the overall impacts are of small magnitude, low intensity and of
short term duration.44 impacts are of low intensity, 14are medium and only 0 of high intensity
with long term duration. They are all confined to the microenvironment that is they are of local
nature. The long term impacts are generally related to land use changes, and temporary or
permanent loss of resources. Land use changes are for establishment of the Project. These
impacts are taken as positive and thus the overall rating would place the Project activities in the
small magnitude, low intensity and of short term duration and hence in low sensitivity range.

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7. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES AND PROPOSED ACTIONS

The sustainability goal of the project can be addressed if and only if the project is
environmentally, socially and economically viable. To achieve this; the team considered
different project alternatives and analyzed them from these three sustainability dimensions. The
alternative analysis focused on those significant negative impacts of the project (i.e. water
resource depletion, environmental pollution and workmanship health hazard). As environmental
pollution and human health hazards are prominently related with the use of pest controls;
alternatives regarding pest controls were considered and evaluated. Potential water resources and
preferable technologies for water use are also considered and analyzed. In addition to these
project alternatives, the no project alternative (i.e. the project area without the project future
scenario) is also considered as one alternative and evaluated.

8. Environmental and Social Impact Management and Monitoring Plan

8.1. General

“Environmental Management is a tool for an organization to keep aware of the interactions that
its products and activities have with the environment and to achieve and continuously improve
the desired level of environmental performance.” (Fredericks, et. al, 1995). Every EMP is
designed for a particular operation and organization and there is no single model that would
apply to all types of industrial, commercial or institutional development. The ISO 14001
standard has developed some guidelines that organizations can use to help companies to develop
appropriate environmental management practices, and where appropriate seek registration with a
certification entity.

The following outline is based on the general requirements of an environmental management

plan that would satisfy the requirement of the ISO 14001 standard.

 Environmental policy
 Planning
 Environmental aspects
 Legal and other requirements
 Objectives and targets
 Environmental management program(s)

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  Implementation and operation
 Structure and responsibility
 Training, awareness and competence
 Communication
 Environment management system documentation
 Document control
 Operational control
 Emergency preparedness and response
 Checking and corrective action
 Monitoring and measurement
 Records
 Environmental management system audit
 Management review
The ESMP addresses the main impacts identified in the ESIA, in particular:

 Mitigation measures to be implemented during the construction phases;

 Waste management and disposal methods;
 References to control guidelines and standards;
 Responsibilities for the implementation of the ESMP;
 Verification, monitoring, and training requirements; and
 Reporting requirements.
The ESMP has been based on the ISO14001 Environmental Management Systems standard. This
is not to say that the program will pursue certification, but simply that it will be based on a robust
management philosophy. For this reason, the program is structured to reflect a description of the
overall approach; where after the individual elements of the management program are presented
in detail. It is also important to emphasize that the ESMP logically follows from the EIA and has
been developed specifically in response to the mitigation measures stipulated in Chapter 6.

8.1.1. Environmental and Social Policy

Bogala Amde needs to be dedicated to constructing and operating their manufacturing industry
in an environmentally and socially responsible manner and in compliance with applicable
environmental laws, regulations, and guidelines. The company considers meeting or exceeding
safety and environmental standards a top priority. The Bogala Amda Project team will be

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committed to minimizing the environmental risks associated with construction activities. The
planning execution of all the work-related activities will be completed in such a way that adverse
effects on the environment are minimized.

8.1.2. Assessing Environmental Effects (Environmental Aspects)

This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report constitutes the environmental
assessments that has been carried out in relation to construction and operational activities, and
includes an assessment of:

 Air emissions;
 Water intake and discharge;
 Waste characterization and inventory;
 Consumption of chemicals, and other raw materials; and
 Labor and social issues etc.

8.1.3. Compliance with Laws/Regulations

Approvals / permits / consents / licenses relating to the environment should be in place prior to
construction and operational activities and should be laid up in a location which is easily
accessible to appropriate staff. The approvals / permits / licenses will include – but not limited to
– the following:

 Planning permission;
 Environmental approvals (discharge to air, transport of waste, etc.)
 Water intake permits; and
 Contract with special and approved for transport of hazardous material.
Should any other approvals or permits be required for new activities, these will be obtained prior
to the commencement of the activities. The facility shall comply with relevant legislation as
presented in Section 3 of the ESIA.

8.1.4. Objectives
The objectives in implementing the Environmental and Social Management Plans are:

 To establish environmental management standards meeting or surpassing statutory,

industry, community and client requirements;

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  To continually review and, where appropriate, amend the environmental standards to
reflect developments in technology, statutory requirements, industry practice and
community standards;
 To develop and implement contingency plans for the control and correction of all
environmental incidents;
 To inform all the Project’s personnel and the contractor’s personnel of their responsibilities
with respect to environmental issues and to monitor the manner in which their
responsibilities are discharged;
 Strive for an injury-free work force and minimize environmental impact through
implementation of programs in its project area that reduce risks to employees and the
environment;
 Encourage and promote waste minimization, the sustainable use of natural resources,
recycling, energy efficiency, resource conservation and resource recovery;
 The implementation of the Company Environmental Policy is accomplished through
organized environmental management systems;
 To regularly audit the business activities and working procedures to ensure that the
objectives stated above are being met.

8.1.5. Labor and Working Conditions

Bogala Amde intends to follow internationally-recognized best practices (consistent with ILO
Performance Standards on Labor and Working Conditions for labor and working conditions at
the project. The prominent should provide a grievance mechanism for workers (and their
organizations, where they exist) to raise workplace concerns. The mechanism should involve an
appropriate level of management and address concerns promptly, using an understandable and
transparent process that provides feedback to those concerned, without any retribution. The
mechanism should not impede access to other judicial or administrative remedies that might be
available under law or through existing arbitration procedures, or substitute for grievance
mechanisms provided through collective agreements. Community Engagement Plan (CEP)

Good relations with the community should be promoted by implementing an action plan that
aims to provide timely response to any enquiries, concerns or complaints about construction or
operation activities.. Ongoing stakeholder consultation will allow the prominent to receive and

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 respond to community concerns on an ongoing basis. The Community Engagement Plan (CEP)
should be designed on the following principles

 A Community Liaison Officer needs to appointed (preferably the prominent employee);

 The Community Liaison Officer will initiate the CEP through consultation with key
stakeholders identified during community consultation;
 A formal CEP is produced and documented in consultation with all key stakeholders and the
support of a specialized socio-economic consultant;
 The development of a communication strategy for the CEP with the support of a public
relations firm or the support of a specialized socio-economic consultant;
 All stakeholders sign the CEP and receive a copy, thus ensuring full ownership;
 The CEP is monitored and evaluated by independent consultants alongside specified
milestones;
 Professional monitoring and evaluation will contribute to maintaining the CEP as a dynamic
and community-based engagement plan, and will ensure it is reviewed and amended as the
project evolves through its cycle.
Through the Community Liaison Officer, the prominent should implement a community
grievance mechanism allowing community members to raise their concerns about any
environmental or social concerns that they may have with regard to the project. It is likely that
Bogala Amde Human Resources Department will take responsibility for the implementation of
the ongoing CEP.

8.2. Terrestrial Ecological management plan

Tree Management: During field assessment, some ranges of mature trees were noticed across the
study area. The project ecologist should identify where stag trees and hollow bearing trees exist
within the construction footprint. Make every effort to avoid hollow bearing trees, where possible,
in designing and constructing the project. All trees as well as other important vegetation located
within the pipeline corridor/ canals should therefore, be accurately surveyed and clearly marked
prior to construction commencing. Trees that are not directly impacted by construction activities
(i.e. trees within the construction fence line but not located directly within the proposed trench
excavation area for the pipeline) should be marked out for protection and retained.

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Retained vegetation should be afforded adequate protection by being appropriately fenced-off,
within the protective fencing to be established to an area beyond the tree’s drip-line, wherever
feasible. Those trees which do require removal should be inspected for resident fauna prior to
clearing). All reasonable attempts should be made to clear these trees as late in the day as possible
to avoid disturbing/dislocating nocturnal fauna in the middle parts of the day and thus exposing
them to too great a period of daylight without shelter. All empty will be again inspected (with a
torch) immediately after felling to ensure that no fauna are present in hollows that were missed by
the original pre-clearance survey.

Pre-clearance Surveys and Fauna Rescue Procedures: A local fauna specialist/project ecologist
should undertake a pre-clearing assessment of all vegetation impacted by the proposed project with
particular attention being paid to hollow bearing vegetation and nests as well as wombat burrows
and any possible platypus burrows if/where encountered. Hollow bearing trees should be
systematically marked and recorded to determine their removal or retention. As part of the pre-
clearance survey procedure, but not necessarily conducted at the same time as the bulk of pre-
clearance surveys, a detailed survey should be conducted. The locations and required protective
fencing should be shown on the sensitive area diagrams for all relevant areas where there are
hollow-bearing trees, areas of high conservation vegetation and rocky outcrops.

Following on from the pre-clearance survey, an ecologist should be present during the clearing and
grubbing activities to monitor the presence of fauna, particularly threatened fauna species and in the
removal of hollow bearing trees. Equipment for fauna rescue (hessian sack, gloves, and transport
boxes) should be kept in designated locations for emergency use by site staff if required.

Rescued Fauna: If an injured, shocked or juvenile animal or eggs are discovered on the study site,
including during activities associated with the relocation/removal of hollow-bearing trees, the
following procedures should be followed:

 If fauna require handling, this should be done with care and by the licensed fauna
specialist or an environmental officer
 For large animals, cover the animal with a towel or blanket to minimize stress and firmly
but gently place itin a cardboard box, or natural fiber bag;
 For small animals, place in a cotton bag, tied at the top;

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  Keep the animal in a quiet, warm, ventilated and dark place. A designated site for the
release of fauna would be decided upon in advance of any construction work;
 If the animal is seriously injured and requires immediate attention, as determined by the
fauna specialist, the rescue agency should be contacted immediately;
 If the fauna specialist is not present when an injured/juvenile animal is found, the rescue
agency should be called immediately;
 If the animal does not require immediate attention, as determined by the fauna specialist,
the rescue agency should be called in the afternoon and they would collect any animals
requiring attention;

Landscape Rehabilitation: A Landscape Rehabilitation Management Plan needs to be developed

to specifically detail how the construction activities and structures within or in proximity to
sensitive areas would be appropriately designed and managed to ensure the integrity, function and
condition of these areas are maintained and/or suitably rehabilitated.

The proposed landscape rehabilitation program needs to be designed to help ameliorate the impact
of the project on the environmental values of the area and to improve the condition of existing areas
of depleted natural habitat. This will be achieved by:
 Protecting and enhancing existing remnant vegetation, particularly Endangered
Ecological Communities;
 Planting well designed blocks and corridors of indigenous species; and
 Managing weed populations

Weed Management: Weeds within the site should be managed in accordance with the Weed
Management Strategy in the land management plan and the Site Environment Plans. Weed
management actions include removal and poisoning of weed infested areas with subsequent
rehabilitation through planting with appropriate species of flora as well as measures to control weed
spread Monitoring

8.4. Air quality management plan

Sources of noise will be generated by the movement of heavy equipment and trucks as well as
the utilization of construction-related machinery such as the generator and power tools. Work on
this project would be restricted to daylight hours. However, this will be minimal. There will be

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minimal/insignificant emission of dust expected as a result of clearance of vegetation,movement
of heavy equipment and haulage trucks and road construction because of the moist climatic
conditions. These are expected to be short-term. As a result, they should not pose any significant
impact to households s or the wildlife. In the main ESIA report, its impacts and mitigations are
provided; however, to manage those mitigations in effective manner, following guiding
principles will help.

8.5. Emergency Preparedness and Response management Plan

It is the environmental compliance policy of the prominent to comply with all applicable laws,
regulations, permits and orders.

8.5.1. Scope and Applicability of the Emergency Action:

This procedure covers following types of emergency situations which might happen

 Fire
 Earthquakes
 Terrorist attacks
 Heavy rainfall leading to inundation
 Medical emergencies

Applicability extends to all Bogala Amde as well as contractor’s employees and visitors. This
plan will provide specific emergency procedures as well as address emergency protocols.

The following steps will be executed as applicable for all the above mentioned emergencies.

 Initiating Emergency Alarm/Bell/Signal/Response/Alert

 Intimation of Emergency Response Team
 Communication top Government agencies i.e. Civil Defense, Fire Department… etc.
 Removing trapped people
 Providing first aid
 Safe guarding equipment and machinery …etc.
 Communication to head office

Visitors: In the event that a visitor/contractor does not adhere to the provisions of this plan,
he/she will be requested leave the work area.

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 8.5.2. General Emergency Procedures
Accidents and Injuries: These procedures as identified are to be followed in any emergency not
specially addressed in other portions of this plan. The first employee detecting the emergency:

1. Notifies the Security In charge & emergency response team by telephone, shouting, or
other agreed alarm. If the Security In charges emergency response team in charge is not
available, notify any other employee to intimate others.
2. Staff, workers, visitors, and customer should evacuate the area if there is an imminent
risk to their personal safety.
3. Once the security in charge emergency response team arrives they will then be in control
of the area.
Personnel Roles and Lines of Authority: The Security In charge emergency response
team has primary responsibility for responding to and correcting emergency situations. This
includes taking appropriate measures to ensure the safety of site personnel and the others.
Possible actions may involve evacuation of personnel from the emergency site and
evacuation of adjacent area (if any). They are additionally responsible for ensuring that
corrective measures have been implemented, authorities notified, and follow-up reports have
been completed. The emergency Coordinator is: member of emergency response team &
Security In charge
Alarm System/Procedures : Alarms should be communicated by shouting or telephone or
hooter or megaphone. The alarm should be activated by the member of emergency response
team, his designee, or personnel in an emergency situation. Once the alarm sounds, the
Emergency Action Plan needs to be implemented.
Evacuation Routes/Procedures: In the event of emergency, which necessitates an
evacuation of the site, the previous alarm procedures should be implemented to notify all
employees. Personnel should shut down or turn off equipment and move quickly to proceed
to the gathering area associated with the designated route. Personnel need to remain at the
gathering area until the all clear is signaled or an authorized individual provides further
instructions. The member of emergency response team or his designee shall perform a head
count and roll call to determine if all persons have evacuated the facility. The roll call and
head count should be checked against sign in log to ensure that everyone is safe.
Emergency Medical Treatment Procedures: If the injury or illness is minor, first aid
should be administered prior to transport. If the patient’s condition is serious, first aid should

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 be administered while awaiting an ambulance or paramedics. All injuries and illnesses must
immediately be reported to Manager.

Any person being transported to clinic or hospital for treatment should take with them
information on the chemical(s) they have been exposed to at the site (if applicable).

Fire or Explosion (Unconfined): In the event of an unconfined fire or explosion, the local
fire department should be summoned immediately. Upon their arrival, the Emergency
Coordinator or designated alternate should advise the fire commander of the location, nature,
and identification of any hazardous materials on site. If the Project Engineer determines that
it is safe to do so, site personnel may:
 Use firefighting equipment available onsite to control or extinguish the fire and
 Remove or isolate flammable or other materials which may contribute to the fire.
Fires (Contained) The following procedures will be implemented in the event of a fire that
will not be responded to by an outside emergency response team.
 Active the alarm system/Bell/Signal/Response/Alert.
 Notify the project Manager/other responsible person.
 Secure the area to ensure all non-essential personnel are not exposed to heat, flames, or
vapors.
 Determine the extent and source of the fire. If the source of the fire can be slowed or
stopped by mechanical sources (for example, closing a valve) do so.
 Mechanical In charge determines the best method for fighting the fire.
 Put the fire out using the approved method and appropriate equipment.
 Once the fire is out, keep the area secured and have an employee watch the area if it is
possible, the fire may reignite.
 Return the firefighting equipment to its proper storage area.
 Take steps to protect the building and equipment from further damage.
Spills or Leaks: In the event of a spill or a leakage of oils and lubricants:
 Inform the emergency response team immediately
 Locate the source of the spillage and stop the flow if it can be done safely
 Assess spills and begin containment and recovery of the spilled materials.

Materials needed for Spill Clean-Up:

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 Proper PPE
 Granular absorbent/sand
 Fire Blankets

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Page 54
8.6. Monitoring

8.8.1. Overview
Monitoring of all activities will be required to analyze the impacts of construction and operation
on the environment. Therefore, self-monitoring and reporting tools will be adopted to carry out
monitoring as per EPA rules and regulations.

HSE officer needs to coordinate with the manager, who will be the in charge of monitoring
procedures. Monitoring techniques will be identified and the frequency of selected parameters
for monitoring will be followed as per the monitoring plan given in Table below.

The HSE will keep a record of all non-conformities observed and report these along with actions
to CEO for further action. Manager HSE will also report any impacts anticipated along with his
recommendations for further action. The contractor shall take account of any recommendations
relating to the construction activities arising during the monitoring.

8.8.2. Review of an environmental plan

The environmental assessment of the proposed project has been made on the basis of the project
description, site visits, existing environment conditions and expected change in the environment
due to construction activities. Review of the activities involve after the impact assessment study
may bring the change in project design, record keeping and management plans due to process
change before the time of execution of project. Therefore, those changes are elaborated below, in
order to bring those changes as a part of EMP.

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Table : 10 Environmental Monitoring Plan during construction and operation
Stage Monitori Location of Parameters and Monitoring Frequency Reason to Responsibi
ng areas monitoring techniques to monitor monitor lity
parameter
Construction Ecological From edge of  Visual analysis as well Continuous but publish Air emissions HSE
& Operation conditions irrigated education as sampling of flora of report once every year and human Department
to 1 km distance and fauna activity
deteriorate
plants and
scared animals
 Inlet of
Wastewat wastewater to Wastewater analysis for Four times in a year Surface and HSE
er treatment the following parameters: (quarterly) and once each ground water Department
system  pH month if required protection
 Outlet of  total suspended solids
Construction
wastewater to  Chemical Oxygen
&
treatment Demand
Operations
system  Biochemical Oxygen
Demand
 Oil & grease
 Anionic detergents
 Phenolic Compounds

Solid Collection, Issuance of report twice a Twice a year HSE

waste handling and year, must include, solid Legal Department
Construction (kitchen) disposal areas waste type, quality and obligations and
&  15 meters management methodology Twice a year and once water
Operations Solid distance from each month for six contamination HSE and
waste community months if the process Admin.
(Process) change due to any reason Department

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 Parameters to monitor  Before beginning of
Air Any accidental construction Legal HSE
includes:
Construction quality release areas  Once during obligations, Department
&  Particulate Matters construction, if occupational
Operations  SO2 required and local
 NOx  Monthly during safety
 CO operations
 Twice a year (report
Land Transportation Visual analysis and issuance) To avoid Admin and
Operations Traffic routes issuance of status report  Daily (Visual analysis) traffic Transport
of transport congestion and Department
accidental risk
 Upon completion of
Noise  In-house Noise intensity construction Occupational HSE
operations measurement  Twice every year Safety and Department
Operations
 Trucks’ loading  Once at time of noise legal
and unloading source change obligations
area  On inspector’s request

Occupatio  Installation of  Visual observations and  Daily records Occupational HSE

nal Safety Machinery daily hazard/accident  Twice a year (report Safety and Department
Construction
 In-house mill records issuance) legal
&
operation areas  Issuance of HSE report obligations
Operations
 Trucks’ twice a year
loading and
unloading area
Drinking Quality test pH, EC, NO3-, NO2-, Na, Annually Legal HSE unit
water annually Ca, Fe, Cl and etc obligations and and
Construction
& operation quality water external
contamination laboratory

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 Education Quality test Carbonate alkalinity, Annually Soil and water Production
water annually bicarbonate alkalinity, EC, protection manager

Operation pH and etc and

educationh
ead
PPE visual inspection Good working condition, Every month occupational HSE unit

Operation presence of damages and local

safety

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 8.2.3. Environmental monitoring program and parameters

The main objective of the environmental monitoring plan is to ensure the predicted outcome of the
company is achieved. Primarily, its focus will be the sustainable production and exportation of intended
plant types and protection of the humans and the environment from adverse detrimental effects. The
overall objective of this EMP is to integrate environmental and social considerations into account so as to
ensure successful economic and social development of the project. The regular monitoring program will
determine whenever changes or operations are required to in order to reduce the negative impacts and
also to enhance the beneficial ones. The major areas where regular monitoring carried out includes:

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 8.9. Management, Co-ordination and Information

Although the promoter of Bogala Amde project has an interest in environmental management
practices and have certain plans to adopt preventive measures with the environmental point of
view, it can be said that any weakness in organizational structure, management, communication,
lake in information and coordination may lead to environment risk. Therefore, to tackle those
problems, following are some of the guiding principles given:

 Ensure that management authorities have access to high quality, up-to-date and relevant
data for decision making.
 Ensure that staff associated with implementation work and HSE department must have
access to the relevant data for the implementation of EMP.
 Promote involvement of all associated groups, management authorities and associated
staff in the management plan process.
 Ensure highest level possible of liaison and co-ordination between contractor the
prominent and farm staff.
 Ensure all the monitoring details should be received by SEPA accordingly for their
review and feedback.

Table : 12 Specific responsibilities for management & Coordination

S.No Strategic Proposed implementation Suggested In Suggested
objective charge Priority
01 To ensure  Make review document available to
high level of interested parties.  HSE  High
necessary  Disseminate relevant information held by Manager  High
information HSE department among the staff.  HSE Officer  On-
exchange.  Produce newsletter for publication twice  HSE going
yearly for general awareness in all staff. Manager  High
 Meetings using input from previous  HSE
reports, advices receive from SEPA, etc. Manager

02 To ensure  Adopt management structure as proposed.

management  Appoint full-time officer(s) with  HSE  High
plan is responsibility for long term management Manager  High
implemented, and accurate monitoring.  HSE  On-
monitored  Investigate annual progress report and Manager going
and reviewed. review with respect to the monitoring  CEO and  High

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 progress. HSE
 Conduct self-monitoring regularly and Manager
submit report to SEPA.  HSE
Manager
03 To improve  Develop an appropriate form of
decision management process more specifically to  HSE Officer  High
making the environmental issues  HSE  High
process for  Develop a fully comprehensive database Manager in
management. of impact and mitigation understandable cooperation
for the management. with HSE
Officer

04 To ensure co-  Obtain support for a Memorandum-of-

ordination Understanding between management of  HSE  High
between BOGALA AMDEfor the implementation Manager  On-
contractor and of:-  HSE Officer going
 Local Environment Agency Requirements
 Environmental Management plan
 Continue regular liaison between
management of Bogala Amde
05 To develop
strategic Develop strong coordination between HSE  HSE  High
policies for department and to management. Manager
better
environmenta
l management

8.9.1. Organizational structures, Roles and Responsibilities

In order to ensure that this EMP is implemented, the following staff resources shall be made
available:
 The Proponent site manager needs to assume responsibility for ensuring that the
environmental management measures contained in this document are implemented during
the operation of the project.
 An Environmental Coordinator should be designated from the Quality Department to
ensure the day to- day implementation of the requirements of the OESMP

8. 9.1.1. Specific duties of the Environmental Co-coordinator:

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The Environmental coordinator must:
 Implement the requirements of the ESMP;
 Know the background to the project and monitor the implementation of the EMP.
 Ensure regular in-house auditing of the project for adherence to the EMP, identify problem
areas and provide action plans to avoid costly stoppages and / or further environmental
damage.
 Ensure that open communication lines exist for the reporting of any significant
environmental incidents and ensure that open communication lines exist for the reporting of
any environmental incidents or environmental threats (for example, a leaking pipe) from
workers at the site to the plant management or supervisor.
 Update the EMP as and when required.

8. 9.1.2. . Environmental Co-ordination Committee (ECC)

The role of the Environmental Co-ordination Committee is to review on a monthly basis the
environmental management performance of the Project and to specify suitable corrective action
where required. Although the exact format of the meetings can be refined and modified as the
project unfolds, at least the following should be addressed:
 Monthly monitoring results. It is proposed that these be tabled as a monthly report.
 Non-conformance issues and response.
 Feedback reporting to local and provincial authorities and stakeholders.

8. 9.2. Audits
Where the monitoring data and the inspection reports highlight problems, an internal audit will
be initiated. The purpose of the audit is to ascertain the source of the problem and to define what
action must be taken to prevent its recurrence. Proponent should undertake an annual external
audit of for the purposes of compliance with the requirements of the Lenders.

8. 9.3. Reporting
A suitable reporting structure must be defined – it is proposed here that a monthly report be
developed that can be tabled at an environmental coordination committee (ECC). The ECC will
review the consolidated monthly report and decide on an appropriate corrective action where this
is deemed necessary. It is important to note that corrective action can also be effected

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immediately without necessarily going the route of reporting to the ECC. Corrective action can
be instructed immediately where this is deemed necessary and formalized through a site directive
issued by the Environmental Co-coordinator Manager should that be required.

8. 9.4. Environmental Management Plan Documentation

The environmental procedures that are operated under the EMP must be carefully recorded in
paper or electronic format so that they can be communicated effectively and clearly to employees
and subcontractors.

The Environmental officer should regularly submit reports concerning environmental/social

incidents, wasteland their disposal, monitoring results, audits findings and performance against
Key Performance Indicators environmental coordination committee (ECC).The ECCwill review
the consolidated monthly report and decide on an appropriate corrective action where this is
deemed necessary.

8. 9.4.1. Document Control:

Proponent should establish and maintain procedures for controlling EMP documents relating to
the proposed activities. This involves developing a system that allows for the EMP and
associated supporting text to be easily located and for the information provided in the EMP to be
periodically reviewed, revised as necessary and approved by authorizing personnel. Moreover
the document control system should ensure that obsolete documents are removed from all points
of issue and points of use, but are retained for lega land knowledge preservation purposes.

8. 9.4.1. 2. Records:
As part of the EMP, it will be important to establish a records system for the identification,
maintenance and dissemination of environmental records. Environmental records should be
legible, identifiable and traceable to the activity involved. Records should be stored in such a
way that they are readily retrievable and protected against damage, deterioration and loss. This
system should contain the following components, if applicable:

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  Permits, licenses, consents, certificates, registrations and other authorizations for waste and
hazardous material handling;
 Inspection documentation;
 Training documentation (where appropriate); and
 Waste management documentation, including manifests and receipts. A hazardous waste
register should be retained that must include the following:
Name and address of the establishment;
Name of person responsible for filling out the Register and his position;
Period covered by the current data;
Any special conditions issued by the Ethiopian Environmental Authorities;
A list of the types and quantities of hazardous/dangerous waste resulting from the
activity of the establishment;
Method of disposal;
Parties contracted to receive the hazardous waste;
Date on which the form is filled; and
Signature of person in charge.
Access to sensitive documents may need to be controlled.

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9. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In this study the description of the Bogala Amde, the biophysical and socio-economic baseline
findings, the potential environmental and social impacts and their mitigation measures, which are
the heart of this study, are discussed in details. The Bogala Amde project adverse impacts can
minimized or avoid as far as they are properly managed and regulated. The most important thing
that needs due attention is the use of agrochemicals, occupational health and safety and the
associated issues that explained in this document.

The prominent of the project has to strictly follow the available environmental rules, regulations,
guidelines and standards to mitigate, minimize the adverse environmental and social impacts.
The following recommendations have been made by the team to manage the impact of irrigated
education farm likely to cause.
 The government should empower its regulatory offices (EPA, Ethiopian Investment
Agency, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of ARD, sub-city environment protection
office,) and give due attention to the adverse environmental impact rather than offering
priority to short-term income generation at the expense of the environment.
 The prominent should create smooth relation with local community and work in harmony
with them so that local community benefited from development undertakings, and
therefore, he develops confidence over his project even under difficult situations,
 It is highly recommended to ensure proper liaising with community and government by a
dedicated resource in the field throughout the duration of the project (i.e. establishing a
complaint register to document potential public complaints. The register should include 1)
A description of the complaint; 2) Time and date; 3) Name, address and contact details of
the person complained and 4) Actions taken to address the complaint with assigned
timeframe for completion

 Protection and preservation efforts from the prominent and his employees as well as from
the local settlers are required in order to prevent, if not mitigate, the anticipated adverse
impacts on the site’s biodiversity

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  The proponent should develop environmental management system at its company level and
introduce proper environmental management plan by allocating adequate budget and
appropriate experts.
 provision of proper personal safety device to his employees for employees’ health
protection, Submission of regularly report to OEPA on the environmental performances of
the project, Notification of OEPA and other stakeholders about the occurrences of
unforeseen events, outstanding issues that might arise during the project implementation,
and appropriate measures taken accordingly,
 There is a need to make all the necessary arrangement for OEPA and other stakeholders for
joint field monitoring of the environmental performance of the project, and undertake
environmental audit, present audit report to OEPA bi-annual. proper implementation of
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) as stipulated in the statement report document

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 REFERENCES

1. Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 1/1995.Addis

Ababa, Ethiopia.
2. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1996), Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
3. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1997), Environmental Policy of Ethiopia: Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
4. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (2000), Guideline Document: Environmental
Assessment and Management; EPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
5. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (2002), Environmental Pollution Control
Proclamation. Proclamation No. 300/2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
6. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2002), Environmental Impact Assessment
Proclamation. Proclamation No. 299/2002. Addis Ababa
7. International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) and the Institute of Environmental
Management and Assessment (IEMA) (1999) Principles of EIA Best Practice. IAIA, Fargo,
North Dakota. (http:/www.iaia.org/publications).
8. Scott Wilson Ltd. (1996) Environmental Impact Assessment: Issues, Trends and Practice.
Environment and Economics Unit, UNEP, Nairobi.
9. World Bank (1999) Environment Matters. (Annual Review on the Environment). Environment
Division, World Bank, Washington D.C.
10. European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Bureau (EIPPC). 2001. Reference
Document on Best Available Techniques in the Cement and Lime Manufacturing Industries.
EIPPC (European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Bureau), Seville, December 2001.
11. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), 2003. From Indifference to Awareness: Encountering
biodiversity in the Semi-Arid Rangelands of the Syrian Arab Republic. CDROM Version.
12. IFC and World Bank, 2007. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Cement and Lime
Manufacturing.
13. IFC and World Bank, 2007. Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines.
14. IFC and World Bank, 2007. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power
Plants.

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15. .Proclamation No. 375/2003, and Federal NegaritGazeta, Council of Ministers Regulations on
Investment incentives and Investment Areas Reserved for Domestic Investors (Council of
Ministers Regulations No. 84/2003)
16. Guidelines series document for reviewing environment impact study reports. Environment
protection authority. 2003.

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