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Ss 3

Uploaded by

Mohd Faizan Alam
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Let's discuss **"Process Scheduling in Operating Systems"**.

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### **Process Scheduling in Operating Systems**

Process scheduling is the method by which an operating system decides which process runs at a

### **Key Concepts**:

1. **Process**: A program in execution, including its code, data, and resources.

2. **CPU Scheduling**: The mechanism to assign CPU time to processes. The CPU scheduler de

3. **Process Queue**: A queue where processes are kept when waiting for CPU time. There are

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### **Scheduling Algorithms**:

1. **First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)**:


- Processes are executed in the order they arrive.
- **Disadvantage**: Can lead to long wait times (convoy effect).

2. **Shortest Job Next (SJN)**:


- The process with the shortest burst time (CPU usage time) is scheduled next.
- **Disadvantage**: Requires knowing the burst time in advance.

3. **Round Robin (RR)**:


- Each process is given a fixed time slice (quantum) in a cyclic order.
- **Advantage**: Fair allocation of CPU time.
- **Disadvantage**: Performance depends on the time quantum size.

4. **Priority Scheduling**:
- Processes are scheduled based on priority. Higher priority processes are executed first.
- **Disadvantage**: Lower priority processes may starve if high-priority ones keep arriving.

5. **Multilevel Queue Scheduling**:


- Multiple queues with different priorities, and processes are assigned to a queue based on cha
- **Advantage**: Allows for more customized scheduling based on process type.

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### **Context Switching**:

- **Definition**: The process of saving the state of the current process and loading the state of the
- **Cost**: Context switching introduces overhead and can impact performance if frequent.

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