DATA & DATA

ANALYTICS
LET’S TALK ABOUT

DATA
What is Data?
Data is the lifeblood of the modern world, driving decisions in business, science, and
everyday life. In its simplest form, data refers to raw facts and statistics that can be
collected, measured, and analyzed to gain insights and make informed choices.

Semi-Structured Data

03 Data that is partially organized and

allows for some level of analytics

Structured Data For example, JSON and XML

Data that is typically arranged into

rows and columns.

For example, Spreadsheets,

Databases and so on
01 02 Unstructured Data
Data that is not organized at all

For example, Pictures, Text, Videos,

etc
What is Data?

Semi -Structured
Data

Structured Data
How it all started
The history of data is closely intertwined
with the rise of technology and the
increasing awareness of its potential in
business. Over the years, businesses have
recognized the value of data in making
strategic decisions. This realization has led
to the development of data processing
techniques, from manual record-keeping to
sophisticated data analytics and artificial
intelligence. In recent decades, the
explosion of digital data and the advent of
big data technologies have transformed the
way companies operate.
Career Opportunities with Data

Data Governance Data Privacy & Data Monetization

Data Analysts Data Engineers Data Scientists
Experts Security Experts Experts
play a critical role in design and manage the are tasked with extracting establish and maintain ensure that sensitive is a specialist in
interpreting data and infrastructure needed to meaningful insights from data governance information is protected. leveraging an
data using statistical and frameworks, ensuring organization's data assets
generating actionable collect and store data
machine learning data compliance and to generate revenue or
recommendations for effectively. techniques. developing standards to create business value.
decision-makers. maximize data accuracy, They identify
security, and value within opportunities to monetize
organizations. data, such as through
data-driven products,
services, or partnerships.
DATA ANALYTICS
Introduction to Data Analytics
Data analytics is a multifaceted field that
plays a pivotal role in transforming raw data
into actionable insights. It involves the
systematic exploration, interpretation, and
presentation of data to uncover patterns,
trends, and valuable information. In today's
data-rich world, businesses and organizations
leverage data analytics to make informed
decisions, enhance efficiency, and gain a
competitive edge. Whether it's improving
customer experiences, optimizing operations,
or guiding strategic planning, data analytics
has become an indispensable tool for driving
success across various domains.
Data Analytics vs Data Analysis

Data Analysis Data Analytics Data analysis and data analytics are
often used interchangeably, but they
refer to distinct stages within the
Data analysis typically Data analytics goes beyond
data-driven decision-making process.
focuses on examining this descriptive phase by also In contrast, data analytics goes
data to describe what delving into why something beyond this descriptive phase by also
has happened, happened and what is likely to delving into why something happened
identifying patterns happen in the future. Data and what is likely to happen in the
and relationships in analytics also involves future.
the data. predictive and prescriptive
analysis to make forecasts and
recommendations.
What does a Data Analyst do?
Analysis & Visualization
And finally they communicate findings
and insights through visualizations
and reports
Data analysts play a vital role in
Cleaning & Transformation
bridging the gap between raw
Then, they clean and prepare it for
data and actionable insights. 04 analysis,
Their responsibilities
encompass collecting,
processing, and analyzing data Data Extraction
to answer specific questions or 03 Next, they gather relevant data from
the various sources where the data
solve problems. sits

02 PROBLEM STATEMENT
01 Data analysts often collaborate with
business stakeholders to define the
problem statement.
The Problem Statement

The first step in the data analytics process involves

defining a clear problem statement or objective. Descriptive Analytics
This is where data analysts work closely with
stakeholders to understand their goals and what
they aim to achieve through data analysis. The
problem statement should be specific, measurable, Exploratory Analytics
and aligned with the organization's broader
objectives. By establishing a well-defined problem
statement, data analysts can focus their efforts on Prescriptive
collecting and analyzing data that directly Analytics
addresses the issues at hand. This initial phase is
crucial as it sets the direction for the entire data
analytics process and ensures that the analysis
Predictive Analytics
provides valuable insights.
Data Extraction
Once the problem statement is
defined, data analysts move on to
It's essential to ensure
the data extraction phase. In this Spreadsheets that the data collected is
step, they identify and gather the comprehensive and
relevant data from various sources. Databases representative of the
problem being addressed.
This data can come from Web Data analysts must also
databases, spreadsheets, pay attention to data
external APIs, or even quality, verifying its
Text Documents accuracy and
unstructured sources like text
documents and web scraping. completeness, as the
External APIs success of the entire
Data extraction may involve
writing scripts or using analytics process
specialized tools to retrieve and Other Sources depends on the integrity
compile the necessary of the data.
information.
Data Cleaning and Transformation
After collecting the data, data Duplicates
analysts proceed to clean and
explore it. Data cleaning involves
identifying and addressing issues Missing Values Outliers Inconsistencies
such as missing values, outliers, and
inconsistencies that could affect the
quality of the analysis.

Once the data is cleaned, data

analysts transform raw data into
usable formats, performing tasks like
Feature Engineering Aggregation Normalization
aggregation, normalization, and
feature engineering to make data
suitable for modeling, analysis, and
decision-making processes.
Analysis and Visualization
In the final stages of the data analytics process,
data analysts perform in-depth analysis using a
variety of statistical and machine learning
techniques, depending on the problem and the
goals. They generate visualizations, dashboards,
and reports to present their findings in a clear and
comprehensible manner to stakeholders.
Visualization is a powerful tool for conveying
complex information and insights, making it
easier for decision-makers to understand and act
upon the results of the analysis. Additionally, data
analysts may use predictive modeling to forecast
future trends or prescriptive analytics to suggest
specific actions to address the defined problem.
The analysis and visualization phase is where the
true value of data analytics becomes apparent,
enabling organizations to make data-driven
decisions that drive success and innovation.
OYA LET’S GIST