Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

Name: ____________________
Worksheet 3.1 Class: __________

Introduction to Functions

For each of the following graphs, determine whether y is a function of x. (1 – 2)

1. If each value of x
2.
determines exactly
one value of y, then
y is a function of x.

Solution

∵ The vertical line above intersects the

graph at (only one / more than one)
point.
i.e. (Every / Not every) value of x gives
exactly one value of y.
∴ y (is / is not) a function of x.

In each of the following, determine whether y is a function of x. Explain your answer. (3 – 4)

3. x –2 –1 0 1 4. x –2 –1 0 0
y 3 2 1 0 y 5 3 –3 –2

Solution
From the table, we can see that (each / not every)
value of x gives exactly one value of y.
∴ y (is / is not) a function of x.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 1 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
In each of the following, y is a function of x. Write down the domain of the function. (5 – 7)
5. y  2  3x Domain: __________________________

6. y  x2 Domain: __________________________

The value under the
square root sign must be
non-negative.
1
7. y Domain: __________________________
x The denominator cannot
be zero.

8. Let $V be the sales volume of a new product t years after it had been launched. It is given that
V is a function of t. The figure shows the graphical representation of the function.

(a) When will the sales volume drop to zero?

(b) Write down the domain of the function V.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 2 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

Additional Questions
Basic Questions
In each of the following, determine whether
(a) each value of x gives exactly one value of y,
(b) y is a function of x,
and put a ‘’ in the appropriate box. (1 – 3)
Yes No
1. x 4 20 40 (a)  
y 0 5 10 (b)  

Yes No
2. x 2 2 3 (a)  
y 3 6 9 (b)  

Yes No
3. x –2 0 2 4 (a)  
y –2 –2 4 4 (b)  

Harder Questions
In each of the following, determine whether y is a function of x. (4 – 5)
2
4. y , where x  3 5. y 2  4 x , where x  0
x3

Write down the domain of each of the following functions. (6 – 7)

1
6. f ( x)  2 x  5 7. f ( x) 
3x  1
2

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 3 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
8. Let V m3 be the volume of water in a lake t days after a heavy rain. It is given that V is a
function of t. The figure shows the graphical representation of the function.

(a) Find the volume of water in the lake immediate after the heavy rain.
(b) When will the lake be empty?
(c) Write down the domain of the function.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 4 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

Name: ____________________
Worksheet 3.2 Class: __________

Notation and Values of a Function

1. If f ( x)  5  2 x , find the values of the function when

(a) x = 0, (b) x = 2, (c) x = –2.
For a function f (x),
its value is f (k)
when x = k.

Solution
(a) f (0)  5  2( )


2. If h( x)  4( x  2) 2 , find the values of the following.

1 1
(a) h(1) (b) h  (c) h 
2 4
Solution
(a) h(1)  4[( )  2]2


3. If g ( x)  3x  2 , find the values of the following.

(a) g (3) (b) g (0) (c) g (2)

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 5 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
2
4. It is given that G ( x)  , where x  3 .
x 3
(a) Find the values of
(i) G(2), (ii) G(4), (iii) G(6).
(b) Is it true that G(2)  G(4)  G(6) ?

5. If g ( x)  x 2  2 x  3 and h( x)  4 x  3 , find the values of the following.

(a) g (1)  h(1) (b) g (2)  h(1)

6. If g ( x)  kx2  4 and g (3)  5 , find the value of k.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 6 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
7. If f ( x)  x 2  3x  4 , find
(a) f ( x) , (b) f ( x  1) .

8. It is given that f ( x)  3x 2  2 x  7 . If f (2a)  2 , find the values of a.

9. It is given that the profit (in dollars) of a concert is P(m)  500m  45 000 , where m is the
number of tickets sold.
(a) If 500 tickets are sold, find the profit of the concert.
(b) Find the number of tickets sold if the profit of the concert is $55 000.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 7 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

Additional Questions
Basic Questions
1. If f ( x)  5x , find the values of the function when
(a) x 1, (b) x  2 .

2. If f ( x)  2 x  4 , find the values of the function when

(a) x = 3, (b) x = 0, (c) x = –2.

3. It is given that f ( x)  3x  1 .
(a) Find the values of  f (2) and f (2) .
(b) Is it true that  f (2)  f (2) ?

4. If f ( x)  4 x  3 , find the values of the following.

(a) f (1)  f (1) (b) 2  f (2)

Harder Questions

5. It is given that f ( x)  ( x  k )(2 x 1) . If f (2)  3 , find the value of k.

6. It is given that f ( x)  4 x  5 and g ( x)  f ( x  2) .

(a) Find g (x) .
(b) If f (m  2)  2 g (m  1) , find the value of m.

k
7. It is given that f ( x)  5 x  , g ( x)  4 x  5k and 2 f (4)  g (5) .
2
(a) Find the value of k.
225
(b) Hence, find the values of x such that f ( x)  g ( x)   .
2

8. The figure shows a right circular cone of base radius r cm and height
4r cm.
(a) Write a function V(r) to express the volume (in cm3) of the cone.
(b) Write down the domain of the function V(r) in (a).
(c) If the base radius of the right circular cone is 3 cm, find its volume.
(Give your answers in terms of π if necessary.)

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 8 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

Name: ____________________
Worksheet 3.3 Class: __________

Some Common Functions and their Graphs

1. Refer to each of the following graphs of linear functions.

(i) Write down the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph.
(ii) Find the value of k.
(a) (b)

Solution
(a) (i) ∵ The graph cuts the x-axis and the y-axis at ( , ) and ( , )
respectively.
∴ x-intercept =
and y-intercept =

(ii) ∵ The graph passes through ( , ).

∴ By substituting ( , ) into y = x + k, we have
( )( )k
k

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 9 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
2. For each of the following quadratic functions, find the direction of opening, the y-intercept and
the x-intercept(s) of its graph.
For the graph of
(a) y  x 2  5x  6 (b) y  ( x  3)(4  x) y = ax2 + bx + c,
(i) it opens upwards if
a > 0;
Solution it opens downwards
if a < 0,
(a) For y  x 2  5x  6 , (ii) the y-intercept is c,
(iii) the x-intercept(s)
∵ Coefficient of x2 = ____ (> / <) 0 is/are the root(s) of
ax2 + bx + c = 0.
∴ The graph opens ___________.

For each of the following quadratic functions, (3 – 4)

find (a) the direction of opening,
(b) the axis of symmetry,
(c) the coordinates of the vertex
of its graph.
3. y  2x2 1 4. y  3( x  4) 2  4
For the graph of
y  a( x  h)2  k ,
axis of symmetry: x = h;
coordinates of the vertex: (h, k).

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 10 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
For each of the following graphs of quadratic functions, (5 – 6)
(a) state the following features of the graph:
(i) direction of opening
(ii) axis of symmetry
(iii) coordinates of the vertex
(iv) y-intercept
(v) x-intercept(s), if there is any
(b) find the maximum or minimum value of the quadratic function graphically.
5. y  x 2  8x  12 6. y  4 x 2  8x  5

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 11 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
7. The figure shows the graph of y   x 2  3x  k which cuts the
3
y-axis at (0, –5). The axis of symmetry is x  .
2
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find the coordinates of the maximum point of the graph.

8. The figure shows the graph of y  x 2  10 x  16 which cuts the

x-axis at A and B. Its axis of symmetry x = p cuts the x-axis at M.
V is the vertex of the graph. Find
(a) the coordinates of A and B,
(b) the value of p,
(c) the area of △VAB.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 12 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

Additional Questions
Basic Questions

1. In each of the following functions, determine whether it is a constant function, a linear

function or a quadratic function.

(a) y  4 x  5 (b) y  3
1 2
(c) y  x x (d) y  ( x  1)(2 x  3)
2

2. The figure shows the graph of the function y  mx  c . If its

x-intercept and y-intercept are –1 and –3 respectively, find the values
of m and c.

For each of the following quadratic equations, find the direction of opening and the y-intercept of its
graph. (3 – 4)
3. y  3x 2 4. y  2 x 2  5x  3

For each of the following quadratic functions, find the axis of symmetry and the coordinates of the
vertex of its graph. (5 – 6)
5. y  x2  7 6. y  ( x  2) 2  3

Harder Questions
7. The figure shows the graph of y  mx  c . It is given that
OA = 4 units and AB = 5 units.
(a) Find the coordinates of A and B.
(b) Find the values of m and c.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 13 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
8. (a) Plot the graph of the function y   x 2  2 x  3 from x = –4 to x = 2.

(b) Find the axis of symmetry of the graph.

9. The figure shows the graph of y   x 2  4 x  b . It touches the

x-axis at one point A(a, 0).
(a) Find the values of a and b.
(b) State the following features of the graph:
(i) Axis of symmetry
(ii) Coordinates of the vertex
(iii) y-intercept

10. The figure shows the graph of y  x 2  bx  c . Its y-intercept

is –5 and it passes through A(4, –5). Find
(a) the values of b and c,
(b) the axis of symmetry of the graph,
(c) the coordinates of the vertex.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 14 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

Name: ____________________
NF
Worksheet 3.4 Class: __________

Finding the Optimum Values of Quadratic Functions

by the Algebraic Method

Rewrite the following expressions in the form ( x  m) 2  n , where m and n are real numbers. (1 – 4)
1. x2  4x 2 2
k k
Solution x 2  kx  x 2  kx      
2 2
2 2
     k k
2 2

x  4x  x  4x  
2 2
   x   
 2   2   2 2

 [x2  4x  ( )]2  ( )2


2. x2  6x
2 2
k k
Solution x 2  kx  x 2  kx      
2 2
2 2
    
2
k k
2
x2  6x  x2  6x      x    
 2   2   2 2

 [x2  6x  ( )]2  ( )2


3. x 2  5x

4. x2  9x

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 15 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
For each of the following quadratic functions, (5 – 6)
(a) rewrite it into the form y  a( x  h) 2  k ,
(b) find the optimum value of the function and state whether it is a maximum or a minimum.
5. y  x2  6x  4
Solution
(a) y  x2  6x  4
2 2
   
 x  6x  
2
   4
 2   2 
 [x2  6x  ( )]2  ( )2  4


(b) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = ______ (> / <) 0

6. y   x 2  8x  3
ax2  bx  c
Solution  b 
 a x 2  x   c
 a 
(a) y   x 2  8x  3   b   b  
2 2
b
 a x2  x         c
 ( x  8 x )  3
2
 a  2a   2a  
 2 
2
   
2
 b 
2
 b 
2

  x  8x    a x    a   c
   3  2a   2a 
  2   2   2
  b   b 2  4ac 
  ax        
  2a    4a 

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 16 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
7. Given that the minimum value of the function y  x 2  6 x  k is 2, find the value of k.

For each of the following quadratic functions, (8 – 9)

find (a) its optimum value and state whether the value is a maximum or a minimum,
(b) the axis of symmetry and the coordinates of the vertex of its graph.
8. y  2x2  4x  1 9. y  4 x 2  12 x  5

10. If the sum of two numbers is 36, find the maximum value of the product of these two numbers.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 17 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

Additional Questions
Basic Questions
In each of the following, add a number to the expression to form a perfect square, and rewrite the
expression in the form ( x  m) 2 . (1 – 4)

1. x 2  6 x  _______  ( x  ______ ) 2 2. x 2  5x  _______  ( x  _______ ) 2

2
2  
3. x  x  _________  ( _________ )
2 2
4. x  x
2
  
7 ________  __________ 

Rewrite the following expressions in the form ( x  m) 2  n , where m and n are real numbers.
(5  6)
2
5. x 2  3x 6. x2  x
5

7. For each of the following quadratic functions, find its optimum value and state whether the
value is a maximum or a minimum value.
3
(a) y  ( x  4) 2  2 (b) y  ( x  3) 2 
4

For each of the following quadratic functions, (8 – 9)

(a) rewrite it into the form y  a( x  h) 2  k ,
(b) find the optimum value of the function and state whether it is a maximum or a minimum.

8. y  x 2  8x 9. y   x 2  10 x  4

Harder Questions
For each of the following quadratic functions, (10 – 11)
find (a) its optimum value and state whether the value is a maximum or a minimum,
(b) the axis of symmetry and the coordinates of the vertex of its graph.
10. y  x( x  1)  4 11. y  4 x(2 x  1)  5

3
12. Given that the maximum value of the function y  3( x  1)(2 x  1)  k is , find the value
8
of k.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 18 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
13. Consider the graph of the function y  x 2  kx  8 .
(a) Express the coordinates of its vertex in terms of k.
(b) If the graph passes through (2, 0), find
(i) the value of k,
(ii) the coordinates of its vertex.

14. The production cost ($P) of a hand-made watch is given by P  4 x 2  48x  4500 , where x is
the number of watches produced monthly.
(a) Find the minimum production cost of a watch.
(b) Find the number of watches produced monthly such that the production cost is minimum.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 19 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

Solutions
3 Functions and Graphs Harder Questions
4. For any value of x, except x = –3, there is only one
Worksheet 3.1 corresponding value of y.
∴ y is a function of x.
1.
5. When x = 1, y 2  4(1)
y2  4
y  2
i.e. For a certain value of x, there are more than one
corresponding value of y.
∵ The vertical line above intersects the graph at more ∴ y is not a function of x.
than one point.
i.e. Not every value of x gives exactly one value of y. 6. The domain of the function is all real numbers greater than
∴ y is not a function of x. 5
or equal to .
2
2.
7. The domain of the function is all real numbers.

8. (a) From the graph, when t = 0, V = 6000.

∴ The required volume is 6000 m3.

(b) From the graph, when V = 0, t = 30.

∵ Any vertical line intersects the graph at only one ∴ The lake will be empty 30 days after the heavy
point. rain.
i.e. Every value of x gives exactly one value of y.
∴ y is a function of x. (c) ∵ From the graph, the independent variable t may
be any real number from 0 to 30 inclusively.
3. From the table, we can see that each value of x gives ∴ The domain of the function is the collection of
exactly one value of y. the real number t , where 0  t  30 .
∴ y is a function of x.

4. From the table, we can see that not every value of x gives Worksheet 3.2
exactly one value of y. f (0)  5  2(0)
1. (a)
∴ y is not a function of x.
 50
5. All real numbers 5

6. All real numbers greater than or equal to –2 (b) f (2)  5  2(2)

7. All real numbers except 0  54
1
8. (a) From the graph, when V = 0, t = 12.
∴ The sales volume will drop to zero after 12 (c) f (2)  5  2(2)
years.
 5 4
(b) ∵ From the graph, the independent variable t may 9
be any real number from 0 to 12 inclusively.
∴ The domain of the function V is the collection of 2. (a) h(1)  4(1  2) 2
the real number t, where 0  t  12 .
 4(1) 2
Basic Questions 4
1. (a) Yes
(b) Yes 2
1 1 
(b) h   4  2 
2. (a) No  
2  2 
(b) No 2
5
 4 
3. (a) Yes 2
(b) Yes  25 
 4 
 4 
  25

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 20 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

1 1 
2
(b) g (2)  22  2(2)  3
(c) h   4  2 
 
4  4   443
9
2 3
 4  h(1)  4(1)  3
4
 43
81
 1
4
∴ g (2)  h(1)  (3)(1)
3
3. (a) g (3)  33  2
 27  2
6. ∵ g (3)  5
 25
∴ k (3) 2  4  5
9k  9
(b) g (0)  30  2
k  1
1 2
 1
7. (a) f ( x)  ( x) 2  3( x)  4
 x 2  3x  4
(c) g (2)  32  2
1
 2 (b) f ( x  1)  ( x  1) 2  3( x  1)  4
9
17  x 2  2 x  1  3x  3  4

9  x 2  5x

4. (a) (i) G ( 2) 
2 8. f (2a)  2
23 3(2a)  2(2a)  7  2
2

2
 12a 2  4a  5  0
1
 2 (6a  5)(2a  1)  0
5 1
a or a  
2 6 2
(ii) G ( 4) 
43
2 P(500)  500(500)  45 000
 9. (a)
1  205 000
2 ∴ The profit of the concert is $205 000.

2 (b) ∵ The profit of the concert is $55 000.

(iii) G ( 6) 
63 ∴ 500m  45 000  55 000

2 500m  100 000
3 m  200
∴ 200 tickets are sold.
(b) G (2)  G (4)  2  2  0
2 Basic Questions
G (6)  1. (a) f (1)  5(1)
3
2 5
∵ 0
3
∴ G(2)  G(4)  G(6) is not true. (b) f (2)  5(2)
  10
5. (a) g (1)  12  2(1)  3
1 2  3 2. (a) f (3)  2(3)  4
2 64
h(1)  4(1)  3  10
 4  3
7 (b) f (0)  2(0)  4
∴ g (1)  h(1)  2  (7) 04
 5 4

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 21 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
(c) f (2)  2(2)  4 225
(b) ∵ f ( x)  g ( x)  
 4  4 2
0  5 225
∴  5 x  ( 4 x  25)  
 2 2
3. (a)  f (2)  [3(2)  1] 5(2 x  1)(4 x  25)  225
 5 (2 x  1)(4 x  25)  45
f (2)  3(2)  1 8 x 2  54x  25  45
 7 8 x 2  54x  70  0
4 x 2  27x  35  0
(b) From (a), (4 x  7)( x  5)  0
 f (2)  5 and f (2)  7
4x  7  0 or x  5  0
∵ 5  7
7
∴  f (2)  f (2) is not true. x or x  5
4
4. (a) f (1)  f (1)  [4(1)  3]  [4(1)  3]
 1  7 8.
1
(a) V (r )  r 2  4r
6 3
4
 r 3
3
(b) 2  f (2)  2[4(2)  3]
 2(5) (b) The domain of the function is all positive real
  10 numbers.

4
Harder Questions (c) V (3)  (3)3
5. ∵ f (2)  3 3
 36
∴ (2  k )[2(2)  1]  3
∴ The volume of the right circular cone is
(2  k )(3)  3 36π cm3.
2  k 1
k  1
Worksheet 3.3
6. (a) g ( x)  f ( x  2) 1. (a) (i) ∵ The graph cuts the x-axis and the y-axis at
 4( x  2)  5 (4, 0) and (0, –4) respectively.
 4x  3 ∴ x-intercept  4
and y-intercept  4
(b) ∵ f (m  2)  2g (m  1)
∴ 4(m  2)  5  2[4(m  1)  3] (ii) ∵ The graph passes through (0, –4).
4m  13  2(4m  7) ∴ By substituting (0, –4) into y  x  k ,
4m  13  8m  14 we have
4  0  k
4m  27
k 4
27
m
4
(b) (i) ∵ The graph cuts the x-axis and the y-axis at
(3, 0) and (0, 1) respectively.
7. (a) ∵ 2 f (4)  g (5) ∴ x-intercept  3
 k
∴ 25(4)    4(5)  5k and y-intercept  1
 2
40  k  20  5k
(ii) ∵ The graph passes through (3, 0).
4k  20 ∴ By substituting (3, 0) into y  kx  1 ,
k 5 we have
0  k (3)  1
1
k 
3

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 22 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

2. (a) For y  x2  5x  6 , 7. (a) ∵ The graph of y   x2  3x  k cuts the y-axis

∵ Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0 at (0, –5).
∴ The graph opens upwards. ∴ By substituting (0, –5) into y   x2  3x  k ,
Also, the y-intercept of the graph is 6. we have
When y = 0,
 5  (0) 2  3(0)  k
x2  5x  6  0
k  5
( x  2)( x  3)  0
x  2  0 or x  3  0
3 
x  2 or x3 (b) Let  , p  be the coordinates of the maximum
2 
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 2 and 3.
point.
3 
(b) y  ( x  3)(4  x) By substituting  , p  and k  5 into
2 
 4 x  x 2  12  3x
y   x2  3x  k , we have
  x 2  x  12 2
For y   x2  x  12 , 3 3
p     3   5
∵ Coefficient of x2 = –1 < 0 2 2
∴ The graph opens downwards. 9 9
   5
Also, the y-intercept of the graph is 12. 4 2
When y = 0, 11
( x  3)(4  x)  0 
4
x  3  0 or 4  x  0 ∴ The coordinates of the maximum point are
x  3 or x4  3 11 
 ,  .
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –3 and 4. 2 4

3. For the graph of y  2 x 2  1 , 8. (a) When y = 0,

(a) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = 2 > 0 x 2  10x  16  0
∴ The graph opens upwards. ( x  2)( x  8)  0
(b) the axis of symmetry is x = 0, x  2  0 or x  8  0
(c) the coordinates of the vertex are (0, –1).
x  2 or x 8
∴ Coordinates of A  (2, 0)
4. For the graph of y  3( x  4)2  4 ,
Coordinates of B  (8, 0)
(a) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = –3 < 0
∴ The graph opens downwards.
(b) the axis of symmetry is x = 4, 28
(b) x-coordinate of M 
(c) the coordinates of the vertex are (4, 4). 2
5
5. (a) (i) The graph opens upwards. ∵ The axis of symmetry passes through M.
(ii) The axis of symmetry is x = 4. ∴ p5
(iii) The coordinates of the vertex are (4, –4).
(iv) The y-intercept of the graph is 12.
(v) The x-intercepts of the graph are 2 and 6. (c) Let (5, q) be the coordinates of V.
By substituting (5, q) into y  x2  10x  16 , we
(b) ∵ The y-coordinate of the minimum point (i.e. the have
vertex) is –4. q  (5) 2  10(5)  16
∴ The minimum value of the quadratic function
is –4.  9
∴ Coordinates of V = (5, –9)
6. (a) (i) The graph opens downwards. 1
∴ Area of △VAB   AB  MV
(ii) The axis of symmetry is x = –1. 2
(iii) The coordinates of the vertex are (–1, 9). 1
(iv) The y-intercept of the graph is 5.  (8  2)[0  (9)] sq. units
2
(v) The x-intercepts of the graph are –2.5 and 0.5.
1
 (6)(9) sq.units
(b) ∵ The y-coordinate of the maximum point (i.e. the 2
vertex) is 9.  27 sq.units
∴ The maximum value of the quadratic function is
9.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 23 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs
Basic Questions
1. (a) linear function
(b) constant function
(c) quadratic function
(d) quadratic function

2. ∵ The graph passes through (0, –3).

∴ By substituting (0, –3) into y  mx  c , we have
3  m(0)  c
c  3
∵ The graph passes through (–1, 0).
∴ By substituting (–1, 0) and c = –3 into y  mx  c ,
we have
0  m(1)  (3)
m  3
∴ m  3 and c  3 (b) The axis of symmetry of the graph is x = –1.

9. (a) ∵ The graph of y   x2  4 x  b touches the

3. For y  3x 2 ,
x-axis at one point.
∵ Coefficient of x2 = –3 < 0 ∴ 0
∴ The graph opens downwards.
i.e. (4)  4(1)(b)  0
2
y-intercept  0
16  4b  0
b4
4. For y  2 x2  5x  3 ,
The corresponding quadratic equation is
∵ Coefficient of x2 = 2 > 0
∴ The graph opens upwards.  x2  4x  4  0
y-intercept  3 x2  4x  4  0
( x  2) 2  0
5. The axis of symmetry is x = 0. x  2
The coordinates of the vertex are (0, 7). ∴ The x-intercept of the graph is –2, i.e. a  2 .
6. The axis of symmetry is x = 2.
The coordinates of the vertex are (2, 3). (b) (i) The axis of symmetry of the graph is x = –2.

Harder Questions (ii) ∵ The graph touches the x-axis at one point
7. (a) Coordinates of A  (4, 0) A(–2, 0), i.e. A is the vertex of the graph.
∴ Coordinates of the vertex  (2, 0)
OB  AB2  OA2 (P yth.theorem)
 5  4 units
2 2
(iii) ∵ y   x 2 4 x  4
 3 units ∴ The y-intercept of the graph is –4.
∴ Coordinates of B  (0, 3)
10. (a) y-intercept of the graph = –5
∴ c  5
(b) ∵ The graph passes through (0, 3).
∴ By substituting (0, 3) into y  mx  c , we have By substituting (4, –5) and c = –5 into
3  m(0)  c y  x2  bx  c , we have
c3  5  42  b(4)  5
∵ The graph passes through (–4, 0). 4b  16
∴ By substituting (–4, 0) and c = 3 into b4
y  mx  c , we have
0  m(4)  3 (b) The axis of symmetry of the graph is
3 04
m x
4 2
3 x2
∴ m and c  3
4
(c) From (a), we have y  x2  4 x  5 .
When x = 2,
8. (a) Consider y   x2 2 x  3 .
y  (2) 2  4(2)  5
x –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2  9
y –5 0 3 4 3 0 –5 ∴ The coordinates of the vertex are (2, –9).

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 24 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

Worksheet 3.4 ∵ The minimum value of y  x2  6 x  k is 2.

∴ 9  k  2
1. x2  4x
k  11
2 2
4 4
 x2  4x      
2 2 8. (a) y  2x2  4x  1
 ( x  4 x  22 )  22
2
 2( x 2  2 x)  1
 ( x  2)  4
2
 2 2 
2 2

 2 x 2  2 x         1
  2   2  
2. x2  6x
2 2
 2( x  1)  2  1
2

6 6
 x2  6x        2( x  1) 2  1
2 2 ∵ Coefficient of x2 = 2 > 0
 ( x 2  6 x  32 )  32 ∴ The minimum value of y is –1.
 ( x  3) 2  9
(b) The axis of symmetry is x = 1.
Coordinates of vertex = (1,  1)
3. x2  5x
2 2 9. (a) y  4 x 2  12x  5
5 5
 x  5x      
2
 4( x 2  3x)  5
2 2
2  3 3 
2 2
 5  25  4  x 2  3 x         5
x  
 2 4   2   2  
2
 3
 4 x    9  5
4. x2  9x  2
2
 3
2 2
9 9  4 x    4
 x2  9x      
2 2  2
2 ∵ Coefficient of x2 = –4 < 0
 9  81
x   ∴ The maximum value of y is 4.
 2 4
3
(b) The axis of symmetry is x  .
5. (a) y  x2  6x  4 2
6 6
2 2
3 
 x2  6x        4 Coordinates of vertex =  , 4 
2 2 2 
 ( x  6 x  32 )  32  4
2

10. Let x be one of the numbers, then the other number is

 ( x  3) 2  9  4
36 – x, and y be the product of these two numbers.
 ( x  3) 2  5 y  x(36  x)
  x 2  36x
(b) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0
∴ The minimum value of y is –5.  ( x 2  36x)
 ( x 2  36x  182  182 )
6. (a) y   x  8x  3
2
 ( x  18) 2  324
 ( x 2  8 x )  3 ∴ The maximum value of y is 324.
 ∴ The maximum value of the product of these two
8 8 
2 2

  x2  8x         3 numbers is 324.
  2   2  
Basic Questions
 ( x 2  8 x  4 2 )  4 2  3
1. x 2  6 x  32  ( x  3) 2
 ( x  4) 2  19
2 2
(b) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = –1 < 0 5  5
2. x 2  5x      x  
∴ The maximum value of y is 19. 2  2

2 2
7. y  x2  6x  k 1  1
3. x2  x      x  
 ( x 2  6 x  32  32 )  k   
2 2
 ( x  3) 2  9  k 2 2
2 1  1
4. x2  x  x 
7 7  7

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 25 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

3 3
2 2
11. (a) y  4 x(2 x  1)  5
5. x 2  3x  x 2  3x      
2 2  8 x 2  4 x  5

 3 9
2  1 
x    8 x 2  x   5
 2 4  2 
 1 1 1 
2 2

2 2  8 x 2  x         5
2 2 1 1  2  4   4  
6. x2  x  x2  x      
5 5 5 5 2
 1  11
2  8 x   
 1 1  4 2
x  
 5  25 ∵ Coefficient of x2 = –8 < 0
11
∴ The maximum value of y is .
7. (a) Consider the function y  ( x  4) 2  2 . 2
∵ Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0
∴ The minimum value of y is –2. 1
(b) The axis of symmetry is x =  .
4
3  1 11 
(b) Consider the function y  ( x  3)2  . Coordinates of the vertex    , 
4
 4 2
∵ Coefficient of x2 = –1 < 0
3
∴ The maximum value of y is . 12. y  3( x  1)(2 x  1)  k
4
 3(2 x 2  x  1)  k
8. (a) y  x2  8x  6 x 2  3 x  3  k
 x  8x  4  4
2 2 2
 1 1 1 
2 2

 6  x 2  x         3  k
 ( x  4)  16
2
 4   4  
 2
2
(b) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0  1 3
 6 x     3  k
∴ The minimum value of y is –16.  4 8
2
 1 27
y   x  10x  4
2  6 x    k
9. (a)  4  8
 ( x 2  10x)  4 3
∵ The maximum value of y is .
 ( x 2  10x  5 2  5 2 )  4 8
 [( x  5) 2  25]  4 ∴
27
k 
3
8 8
 ( x  5) 2  29
k  3
(b) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = –1 < 0
∴ The maximum value of y is 29. 13. (a) y  x 2  kx  8
2 2
k k
Harder Questions  x 2  kx        8
10. (a) y  x( x  1)  4 2 2
2
 x2  x  4  k  k2
x    8
2 2  2 4
1 1
 x2  x        4 k k2 
2 2 The coordinates of the vertex are  ,   8  .
2  2 4 
 1 1
x     4
 2 4
(b) (i) ∵ The graph passes through (2, 0).
2
 1  15 ∴ By substituting (2, 0) into y  x 2  kx  8 ,
x   
 2 4 we have
∵ Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0 0  (2) 2  k (2)  8
∴ The minimum value of y is
15
. 2k  12
4 k 6
1
(b) The axis of symmetry is x   . 6 
62
2 (ii) Coordinates of the vertex   ,   8 
 1 15   2 4 
Coordinates of the vertex    , 
 2 4  (3,  1)

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 26 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013

Worksheets 4A 3 Functions and Graphs

14. (a) P  4 x 2  48x  4500

 4( x 2  12x)  4500
  12   12  
2 2

 4  x 2  12x         4500
  2   2  
 4[( x  12x  6 2 )  6 2 ]  4500
2

 4( x  6) 2  144  4500
 4( x  6) 2  4356
∴ The minimum production cost of a watch is
$4356.

(b) When x = 6, P attains its minimum value.

∴ The production cost is minimum when the
number of watches produced monthly is 6.

HKDSE Mastering Mathematics 27 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2013