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Mohd Faizan Alam
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Let's discuss **"File Systems in Operating Systems"**.

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### **File Systems in Operating Systems**

A file system is a method used by an operating system to organize and store files on storage dev

### **Key Concepts in File Systems**:

1. **File**:
- A file is a collection of data stored in a unit that can be identified by a name. Files can contain

2. **Directory**:
- A directory is a container used to organize files into a hierarchical structure, often represented

3. **File Operations**:
- **Create**: A new file is created.
- **Read**: A file's data is accessed.
- **Write**: Data is written to a file.
- **Delete**: A file is removed from storage.
- **Append**: Additional data is added to a file without overwriting it.

4. **File Attributes**:
- **Name**: The name of the file.
- **Type**: The format or kind of file (e.g., .txt, .exe).
- **Size**: The amount of space the file occupies.
- **Location**: The physical address of the file on storage.
- **Permissions**: Access control settings (e.g., read, write, execute).
- **Timestamps**: Metadata indicating when the file was created, modified, or last accessed.

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### **Types of File Systems**:

1. **FAT (File Allocation Table)**:


- One of the simplest file systems. It uses a table to track the storage location of files. Common
- **Advantages**: Simple and widely compatible.
- **Disadvantages**: Not as efficient for large volumes and lacks advanced features like file per

2. **NTFS (New Technology File System)**:


- A more advanced file system used by Windows operating systems. It supports large file sizes,
- **Advantages**: Efficient, secure, and reliable with support for large files and metadata.
- **Disadvantages**: More complex and typically used only in Windows environments.

3. **EXT (Extended File System)**:


- Commonly used in Linux systems, EXT has several versions (EXT2, EXT3, EXT4). EXT4 is th
- **Advantages**: Stable, efficient, and supports journaling (keeping logs of changes to prevent

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