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Dllyer

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Mohd Faizan Alam
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3 views1 page

Dllyer

Uploaded by

Mohd Faizan Alam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sure! Here's a detailed set of notes on **"Data Link Layer and its Functions"** in Computer Netwo

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### Data Link Layer (DLL) in Computer Networks

The **Data Link Layer (DLL)** is the second layer in the **OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)**

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### Functions of the Data Link Layer

1. **Framing**
- The DLL is responsible for dividing data into smaller units called **frames**.
- Each frame contains:
- **Header**: Source and destination MAC addresses.
- **Payload (Data)**: The actual data being transmitted.
- **Trailer**: Error detection codes like CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

**Example**: When a large file is sent across the network, the DLL breaks it into frames to fit th

2. **Error Detection and Correction**


- The data link layer ensures that frames are transmitted accurately.
- It uses error-detection techniques, such as **CRC**, to check if data has been corrupted durin
- If an error is detected, the DLL can request retransmission of the affected frame.

**Example**: In Ethernet networks, CRC is used to detect errors in the frame during transmissio

3. **Flow Control**
- Flow control is used to manage the pace of data transmission between sender and receiver to
- The DLL may use mechanisms like **Sliding Window Protocols** to regulate the amount of da

**Example**: In the **Stop-and-Wait ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest)** protocol, the sender w

4. **Medium Access Control (MAC)**


- The MAC sublayer of the data link layer manages access to the shared communication mediu
- It determines when and how devices on the same network can transmit data, especially in sha

**Examples**:
- **Ethernet**: Uses **CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)** to m
- **Wi-Fi (Wireless)**: Uses **CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidanc

5. **Addressing**
- The data link layer uses **MAC addresses** (Media Access Control addresses) to identify dev
- These addresses are unique to each network interface card (NIC) and help in directing data fr

**Example**: A router at the network boundary uses MAC addresses to forward Ethernet frame

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