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Application Layer

computer network
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views13 pages

Application Layer

computer network
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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en ONET-6 ae aa Apphralion. plication. ayer 48 the “h 034 abatrachion Layer of He ToP/xp neat ee pis the lan aid, Sal ed by the users. ‘this Men 4 oe bk cating, ee oa ve pi She. be dhe 3a sh be ree Sala oe to co fhe chk “rs iP re ecelved, inp aiane eh f epi Examples: Minin the, rope. Messenger. che, Feet iis Nagin Bluisnetdesy allasarasee sb aes, Ma remo} Mail ees parce: the Wester émnatl frvanding and mage. factlittes, — bball = aS pele various sowie. ‘ eh @Web f HTTP: The Weld bide Web (WH), as Heb, a gebal ntbook Sven eee allooing ic a 4 comected resources, ithe, aes host requesss an objec: @ Web ek sespande sending the whl ole 4 browsing pols. The iWh) Sts wunioue tammbinadin of flexibiliy poclabily ata fice ches Shak abot fo lh re ual ee Beseies) miepy ph pone pers a a sewvle “9 the sewer, er Ye 2 Deets (an seats oven. vray 1S Hone called webs ides, oie prove ian f Sek Basha Ree Hiper Teach Transfer co nebrve and, perry files, @ common. user at the applabion eet uses oa ea than. use, A vali ie elie he ee 3s shored mm a ees biked oo bone Scanned by TapScanner of poincbers. 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Ih a persistent cae the nce open fon moe requests Poo e server can cloce tho Scere iif @ Atmecouh J cer. veadhed the, ewated Lenape of tre date vselh Sending te dota ie been. veached, Nonpenstsherdt Comeckiogy HTTP prion do version. 414. species a "ot poialo comection. In a non ee ennecdion, adit pinnecsion 48 made for each, requast/responce, The, follro disds the skps im dng Shak pe ie a a Avthe client opens 2,12? conection ard sends — vesk, Q.the server sends she nesponee and closes Lhe camecdion, Bethe dient neade the data’ until 1b ce an ond-of fle mankers 44 Hen closes the, comection, ; ‘ tn this strategy for v aan pledmes Be ! 2's the connection mush be. spend, aon b tere str “noses A see on because the server ndede N dtflerend buffs ard requires a chard proadune each time. a connection. rd opened, @ODNS and Types: The. Domain. Name. Syeborn (ONS) a. suppach P thet 48 used boy the. othe, P rams guche a3 e-mail, Tb Wg ie ig at Addresses, to dnuman-readable, emai wi When a usar “sries to access a weh adders ble Sample; thee veh lmeser. or application performs 3 INS Scanned by TapScanner sel ey ea Ss Hee tosh nave. The DW seve, Bie hosbiiane and s2ead bmi. mumeie 1 address, mh Bre web lormoser. can connect i vwoundefilcom, SmTP Simple Maal oe Porcol, (e-math) “Fahepork ne Fa Fxcample. of Using DNS sowie Quo) Types 4 Dns Sysken Thee ast thee pes & queries an dhe ONS fem: PReanrsive. Quoy> Th a reAneive. Fasten sla bate @ shokvame sand the one eons must provide an answer . DNS Resolver responds oa ether 2 ~elevanct resource record, OF AN emon mess: at 4 tae i ga The. recalver. sdaole @ Teeunsie. 4 ee the INS Rend: Server, vac of Gls he keg aa Sewer. that Iolle the 1p address and, nee a for the. requtshed ostname, 4 Horabve Guey> yy an 4 ee DNS client proves a — nS and. ‘Behe feed lms He ae shan. The. DNS resolver, shes, He relevant DNS recordes gy fs o hts oy eae H ch, drole dhe ONS chal LAC Rook Sewer on Baas ‘dative Mart: Sewer hth 36 nash oh te required DNS zone. 4 re ee ron-recunive query te O08 Resale knows the? answer, h Th atther mong . : Beater i, ‘ oe 8, 48 ni ~ Fre nop, ee re nl Sy alfa me Scanned by TapScanner Sewtees provided by Ing: hHosk Abosing + Arvock with a. complicaled sreckname can have one. or yore. alias names. DNS canbe smoked by an ety obbain the canonical hobname 2B well a5 the xP addiess of the oot. Such 28 A.west-eoast, aiases euch sthe -hosh canonical APMath Sener Aiaging +4 40 hich, desirable Pal e-matl address be eas Meet, Fer Ne, tt Bob has an account wotth, Gmail > Reb's e-mail address anght be ag simple ab lane DNS can he. Inveled by & mail, applicabin obo chfaire Canprical hosbname. fora supplied alias toefname as well as Hhe-TP address of Pre host. = 4 sboad_disbeabubin-+ ong 46 usec Lead dichtbution among suplicaled servers,such 28 replied yeh sewers. Bug etles Such 28 cnn.com, are sreplicaled, over multiple Rca each munning om a dtfleort end ayetem ard saving a different TP addvecs? Fey rephicakd. web séwvers, a seb of tpaddecces 48 hus associated with one cannonical hostname, Overview Ni S bake: ANS 45 2 client miebiork communication. protecal: 5 ere sone. while ONG ebvos sond + Client requests Contes honbname , Tf the. NG aerven. doos wwol- cova the we Oe nb with a hochneme, Phen 44 forwands the anther, DN ewer -f 3P.addiess has anntved al the vests hh ie comple sequel oer de ane pao INS DNS ida ane mainly used to convert domain names Info Seners 1? that Ioah website magn purpose. 12 Aad people and applications owt Ihave, abo yemomber. by rumbers do navypale to a omaln. For examele, Mantihell pre rammers com has an Gp tA ibd 4 48 eal Uris. 8 oP DNS ecole Unet ; depending on He “funcbions hal we need dpi, a A Revere > Commeche a1 IP Addieag bo dost name GNAME Record Mince more than one DNS name for a est, CNAME Record — Mx Record > Fraures ematl 48 delivered. 4o te vight secabion NS Recond-> Condains the rane sore. nfo. ERY Record —> Pinds compurlers Shad ooh Speific services SPP_Record -> Used do tap reid agareh spain, ANS Messages: PONS Hhos fur Aypes of mess queny avnd. sresponee, Boll ws Have dhe came, Some Ye a tas kb feral We Si oo se Yio consis name, fe cs eee Na answer recinds, aubhortbadile records 4 ieee A Tet, aire. the sane heady « reader, 8 10. Fr Hep erie Scanned by TapScanner ascites BH File. Tranefer Prabocal (STE) 48 4 secure. file bo — prodocal. Mes Cony aa lk si ite Eig Ce password te bs the. me usin ng on oly cae eh “ Thales authetic Plan eee }Secune. ei. 2S es a <— Plan text <— Decryption 2— Secure Texd Lpifoceas of serp dent lak atands for “Simple, Matl Transfer. Profocol”. 14 contamns correct communicatim beboeen computers ma ne 48 responsible for feedigg and fousarcling e-matls fom (i She smrP ie @ tuo Sipe: end-to-end and ae end-to-end or 48 ued bo communicate, wnstey Sane Hh Cxpricains whos the store and. forward jeer, |» Sent 5 ie Peek | a.ace | fecet TCP comnectin, Bags Ste Gale IMAP pad et! — Frofocl, i a email messages have_beon- on end User's fs hh ang upperks oats. oncine is wiedes of 6 Email, aed : gral ™ Lhe ced dhe user exalt hon. 1 use. idee Sewer, Vans an IMAP sewer Hal, helen: tenes bo pook a4, BA POPS) > Peed Office. Robocall version (Pops) 1g a standand ynail, vaed de vee Ns ‘et aed chee ste se and Yea. are by Ponder” ees) sa.” sre Pe ok 110+ this 34 a an POPS hares), pork. Sock 9851 hte 18 She coed we need bo dl ed using for 3 -Secuney, + SL Maher Bs a : ahicalton wa el based product rab yesides a Ree Of a cower. conde allele Th provides widdlewar cenviceq Peak and otal maintenance, along wth dota access and persistence, The applicalin cena 45 vend viewed 98 a, park of Anvee—tien, an Conatbing of et ue, mnberface. (GUE) server, AM application conver and Op d dransachon comer, appli Sone 48 a cd page comp rchonk heh perie t, butiness Pa pl if “ff Prosy senvers ach adhere veb flor, provide 6 che debe, fee ea ee cr oe P a Prony Somers Fonsard, server sihs beboen the Sr or avait Ajrnal, Tabet bes abe Ye. ebhosnd fakes Pema feta before relaying Hah VBE Viel psa WSL, ds Deownds ane eet pe ne Ruale Nehonks (Vt) ard, Web Cordord ers are, examples of torcand prvies. I Heat PE need acl ha he H ds pone Tt eh hile brmesing thew -Follang 4) Some of Ope prowies: Abbe: nom. pe cs bby rw. http://www, ppeiprac. com eee fnsis> A sos pa sewer stls bebseen o reheat wHiple o: cf A | Se a the bt eA le lh A single clomain. To accompligh See aon ys Bea ae ioould ack ck a. lati ae wale b ifs Aor Vv ot boa ve te @Why shold we use a, Sewer? Srl Se Bor oye ll cies, > for bandut ied Apariyel > i Gta ores > Rr 31 pe > ae Yesouhees, ME eer. Application Serves, Web conver 43 a computer, where the, web conker 42, oboved, Basically web server. 1s used do drool the vebsths lout Mnere: esishs other web sewers alco uth 23 copes Ere, email eke. Webatle 43. collection, of web a 38 a sofhoane thal respond tb et A ere Pea web page the web server search Pec iia voici oa sf yigondige pe — do rane ea ae a response. Pag the requested web page 48 rot found, web over. will cand an HTTP responses Ervor 404 Noh Found. sit Tas requested, for some other nesowrces hon the web server wil rack A Le appheation server arel alla, store to construct the HTTP response, ZMatl Application Servers, A mall, sewer. ales Enno a8 a, math deanelor si ae 4B an Mp ion. that veceives tnconina e-mail. fom “cal the ch al Se ie - cop Yyunning Sut fem: Sendynat agri oe SE. mie ay ra hn pga oe e im : es aan be eet ‘dg. oN vnatl servenS and co vning wath & oo are knoun ag sMrp ieee wil Ay res ep eS, POPE senvers ane bee kina ois aes = aya veel goo IMAP sewers stone. Scanned by TapScanner ® Nebo Managements beh We define nebork. managonerct a3 rmonthortng > s comfauning and Sroubleehootin nehoode nerds bo ect 2. Se el ec le ate snclu smn Rel nario of the neboors vi the prclefined quali ¢ Se Pr users, Te accemplich dis ie ee system uses shardvoare ,softaare pe : rns! common “nebsork. managemend ieee Nebombe Managements Sante J! it Nop 48 one of the widely acceplel. profoceh to an and. monitor nnebroork, elemerte, Mosh of He pofasion ga be S come with bundled snmp agent. These axe to be enabled and. confuned bo commuitite .otth Nebo, Managemerd System me), SNMP 48 a seb tocols for neboorke management rete es 3 supported b ae _ mebsork evs uch ag qoutes hubs 5 ssewas, workstations, printers ele, SNMP te simple and powerfil and has the, alilthy do Yranage. veld by ‘oid readforile abilities ae oe ue Tro vivch bandwidth 43 be used Bmail ey many See PN StH SE oo a dh space antl nme rents and their functioalifies: GLSNME Manager—> A yn 48 a seperate unit thal! SS Jet artteale wa dhe S® agen on mebsork devices. this ua oaually @ soffiane grefalled et PC ora sewer tp oper. Me OF more, Sy man Eunchions: oe at, “ZGiels ~espontes from agents > Lecates yaniabl: > Accept vo A managed device 18 a part of the neboork Dred Managed Devices. viet needs some 2. of monftatng and yn + For example, Suilehes pao 7 Hel eke, id Sump >The, 42 an applicabien ackaged sneile He pear he agent plies aha bert of ole Soeeloe eee SNIP rmaragen » when} ; Spetife or shatlnd doa mavaheeke, Hae ag Seed Ere t er aire Lee) etme eee ee at aw event ty the manager. Rebs 28 pss dor ane rns? manage vreheerk wade. 4) Management Informabin. Case (ZB): MgB files ic Lhe set of neler thal an SNMP pay, west the : Beceres dese dale loader St ya, os Becks te Managewent Information Base, MIB contains sfandard Set of shabtedical, and control values dofned for Mrandwoare, nodes On a rebsork, The Simp ae should be asoare. af these. shardord and privale questions eve Aype of agent. a

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