Scribd
Upload
14 views30 pages

PHYS 144-07 DC Circuits

Uploaded by

nicoleadriana576
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views30 pages

PHYS 144-07 DC Circuits

Uploaded by

nicoleadriana576
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

DIRECT-CURRENT

CIRCUITS

Readings: Chapter 26 (12th edition),


pp. 881 - 915
PowerPoint® Lectures for
University Physics, Twelfth Edition
– Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman

Adapted by Dept, of Phys. UG


Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Goals for Chapter 26
• To use Ohm’s Law and study resistance and resistors
• To analyze circuits that include both resistors and capacitors.
• To examine circuits and study resistors in series and parallel
• To consider Kirchhoff’s Rules
• To learn about the use of electronic measuring instruments and the
applications of circuits in household wiring.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Current and Electric Energy
• Electric Current and Current Density
• Resistivity and Resistance
• Electromotive Force
• Power and Electric Energy
• Kirchhoff Laws

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Resistors in Series
Resistors can be associated in series, in parallel, or in a combination of
both.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Resistors in Parallel

The current I through each


resistor is not the same.
Voltages across each
resistor is the same as the
battery voltage.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Kirchoff’s rules are used when we have complex network of
circuit elements. There are two rules: junction rule and loop rule.

• Kirchhoff’s junction rule: The algebraic sum of the currents


into any junction is zero.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Kirchoff’s rules are used when we have complex network of circuit
elements. There are two rules: junction rule and loop rule.
• Kirchhoff’s loop rule: The algebraic sum of the potential
differences in any loop, including those associated with emfs and
those of resistive elements, must equal zero.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Kirchoff’s Rules

APÔH
Current flows
from higher to
lower potentials.

Sign shall be "+"


when travelling
from lower to
higher potentials
and "–" from
higher to lower
potentials.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Kirchoff’s Rules

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Charging a battery
First we apply the junction rule, Eq. (26.5), to point a.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Kirchoff’s Rules

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Determine the resistance between points a and b

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


In the circuit below, determine I1, I2 and I3.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Applications (Extra Reading Materials)

 Charging and Discharging of a capacitor


 Electrical Measuring Instruments
 Domestic power distribution

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Charging, discharging and timing …

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Ammeters
 Used to measure current through a wire.
 Connected in series with the wire.
 Ideal ammeter has zero resistance.
 Infinitely large current pass through the ammeter when connected
parallel to the load/resistor, and ammeter irreparably damaged.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Voltmeters
 Used to measure potential difference across the load.
 Connected in parallel with the load.
 Ideal voltmeter has infinite resistance.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


D’Arsonval’s galvanometer
• We’ll call it simply “meter” henceforth.
• The meter is a coil of wire mounted next to a permanent
magnet. Any current passing through the coil will induce
magnetism in the coil. The interaction of the new
electromagnetism and the permanent magnet will move the
meter indicator mounted to the coil.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Ammeters and voltmeters in combination
An ammeter
and a voltmeter
may be used
together to
measure voltage
and power.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Ohmmeters and digital multimeters
• An ohmmeter is designed specifically to measure resistance.
• Refer to Figure 26.17 and Figure 26.18 below to see an
ohmmeter wiring diagram and a photograph of a digital
multimeter. The multimeter can measure current, voltage, or
resistance over a wide range.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


R-C circuits
• Some excellent examples of variable resistance and potential are likely common
to our experience.
• The physiology of a heartbeat, the medical intervention of a pacemaker, and
charging a capacitor to take a flash picture are ideas shown below in Figures
26.20 and 26.21.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


Power distribution systems—a home

A fuse will melt and a breaker will


open the circuit if maximum
current is reached.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

You might also like