ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TPHCM

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA



Automatic watering system report

Lecturer: Hong Duc Thong

Class: CC01
Group: 4
July 22nd, 2020

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Team members:
Name ID numbers
Phạm Minh Tiến 1852791
Nguyễn Xuân Nam 1852598

Nguyễn Như Phúc 1852667

Nguyễn Bá Khang 1852440

Nguyễn Đăng Thanh Hưng 1852428

GROUP 4

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I) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
II) PREFACE
1) Current situation of this model inside and outside the
country (where applicable and scale).
2) Reasons why we choose this topic.
III) OUTLINE
1) Table of contents images:
- Arduino UnoR3
- Parameters os Arduino
- Soil moisture sensor
- Replay
- Motor 12V
- Adapter 9V
- Display Auto Cad2013
- 3D drawing carrying case
- Software interface Arduino I
- Code of Arduino IDE
- Map of electric
- Actual circuit after completion
- Actual shape after completion
2) Overview of the topic.
2.1: Question
2.2: Research objective and scape
3) Introduction to the versatile.
4) Introduce Arduino IDE and programming for Arduino.
5) Circuit design.
6) Comments and conclusions.
7) References.

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 GROUP 4

I) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
To complete this technical report, we would like to express our
sincere thanks to: The Board of Directors of Ho Chi Minh
University of Technology for creating favourable conditions for
its facilities with a modern library system, a variety of books
and documents which are really convenient for searching
process.
Thank you department lecturer – Hong Duc Thong for teaching
wholeheartedly and Mr.Quan for the detailed help so that we
have enough knowledge and apply in this project.
Because there is not much experiences as well as the
limitations in knowledge, this report will certainly inevitably
omission. Look forward to the comments from the teacher to
make the report be more completely.

II) PREFACE

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You spend too much time in work repeating daily, hourly. With
Automatic watering system, you can safely entrust everything
to the device to operate automatically without having to watch
the time and turn off the water valve to drain water for plants or
water. While reducing time, you can save time to do other
things. Even go somewhere for a few days with complete peace
of mind, no more worries before and after, no home, who will
water the plants, the trees will die, ... Now you can go anywhere
without having to worry about time. or asking others to go out
or busy working far away.

III) OUTLINE
1) Table of contents images :

Arduino Uno R3

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Module Relay

Moisture sensor

12Volt Pump

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Display autocad 2013

3D Design

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 Complete Model

Realistic Circuit

2) Overview of the topic.

2.1 The urgency of the subject:
Our country's agriculture is an outdated agriculture as well as not many
scientific and technical applications have been applied in practice. Many
technical cultivation and care processes are conducted subjectively and do not
guarantee the requirements. It can be said that in agronomy, besides planting and
tending techniques, watering is one of the most important stages in cultivation,
to ensure the normal growth and development of plants, to properly and

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sufficiently water as required. Agronomy of crops will not produce pests and
diseases, limiting pesticides for safe products, achieving high productivity and
efficiency.
In addition, on the streets of the downtown area, we still see images of water
tank trucks carrying trees along roads causing congestion and unsafe.
traffic.
On the other hand, our country is currently in the process of industrialization and
modernization of automated machinery and equipment put in place to replace
human labor. Therefore, irrigation equipment being researched, designed,
manufactured, and put into practice is applied more and more. Irrigation
equipment is also remarkably diverse in types (rain sprinklers, misting nozzles,
pressure compensating drip heads, uncompensated drip nozzles, drip irrigation
lines) with different parameters for different types of plants manufactured. From
many countries such as Israel, South Korea, Taiwan, and China, it will be very
convenient for users to choose according to their usage needs. The calculation to
select the irrigation system that meets the agronomic needs of the crop and is
suitable for economic and technical conditions for high efficiency is essential for
the broad development of the system. The sprinkler irrigation system satisfies
the root moisture, leaf moisture and air for the crop to grow well, the water-
saving system enables the plants to absorb nutrients without causing soil
leaching and degradation. Do not pollute the environment. Automatic watering
system can be combined with fertilizing, chemical spraying. Moreover, the
design of an automatic watering system will help people not to water plants, not
to labor cost of watering as well as monitoring the time of watering. With this
system, watering the plants will be automatic depending on the weather, sunny
or rainy weather, high or low humidity, which season of the year. All these
conditions will be considered and calculated to get accurate time to activate the
pump. Workers will not need to pay attention to the watering of the plants, the

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trees will grow and develop better thanks to the more appropriate and accurate
watering.

2.2 Purpose:
Applying the knowledge learned to research, design, and manufacture the
automatic irrigation system model, from which to put into practical applications.
Helping the irrigation of crops in our country have new options and achieve
high efficiency.

3) Introduction to the versatile.

3.1: Arduino Uno R3
- Arduino is actually an Open Source embedded development platform which is
easy-to-use. It comprises of Hardware boards and Software tools. Examples of
some of the most popular Arduino Hardware Boards are:

Arduino Uno: This board is designed around the ATmega328 AVR

microcontroller. It is an 8 bit microcontroller with 32KB of flash, 2KB of
SRAM, 1KB of EEPROM, timers, ADC, I2C, SPI, and UART peripherals.

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 Arduino Mega: This board is designed around the ATmega2560 AVR
microcontroller. It is an 8 bit microcontroller with 256KB of flash, 8KB of
SRAM, 4KB of EEPROM, timers, ADC, DAC, I2C, SPI, UART, and touch
peripherals.

Arduino Due: This board is designed around the SAM3X8E Smart ARM
(SAM) microcontroller. It has a 32 bit ARM Cortex M3 processor with 512KB
of flash, 100KB of SRAM, Ethernet, CAN, USB minihost, highspeed
SD/SDIO/MMC, USART, SPI, TWI, ADC, DAC, timers, temperature sensor
and touch peripherals.

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 Especially, Arduino Uno R3 is one of the most popular Arduino boards
been used today. Nowadays, this board has developed to the 3 rd generation (R3).
Its dimensions measure is 68.6mm * 53.4mm.
2.1.1: Some parameter of Arduino Uno R3:
Microcontroller ATmega328 – 8 bit AVR
Operating Voltage 5V DC (USB)
Frequency 16 MHz
Current consumption 30mA
Recommended input Voltage 7-12V DC
Input Voltage limit 6-20V DC
Digital I/O pins 14 (6 pins hardware PWM)
Analog pins 6
Maximum current 30mA
Output current (5V) 500mA
Output current (3.3V) 50mA
Flash memories 32 KB (ATmega328) with 0.5KB
bootloader

SRAM 2KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM 1KB (ATmega328)

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3.2: Moisture sensor:

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 When you hear the term ‘smart garden’, one of the things that comes to your
mind is a system that measures soil moisture and irrigates your plants
automatically.

With this type of system, you can water your plants only when needed and avoid
over-watering or under-watering.

If you want to build such a system then you will definitely need a Soil Moisture
Sensor.

How Soil Moisture Sensor works?

The working of the soil moisture sensor is pretty straightforward.

The fork-shaped probe with two exposed conductors, acts as a variable

resistor (just like a potentiometer) whose resistance varies according to the water
content in the soil.

This resistance is inversely proportional to the soil moisture:

 The more water in the soil means better conductivity and will result in a lower
resistance.
 The less water in the soil means poor conductivity and will result in a higher
resistance.
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The sensor produces an output voltage according to the resistance, which by
measuring we can determine the moisture level.

Hardware Overview

A typical soil moisture sensor has two components.

The Probe

The sensor contains a fork-shaped probe with two exposed conductors that goes
into the soil or anywhere else where the water content is to be measured.

Like said before, it acts as a variable resistor whose resistance varies according
to the soil moisture.

The Module

The sensor also contains an electronic module that connects the probe to the
Arduino.

The module produces an output voltage according to the resistance of the probe
and is made available at an Analog Output (AO) pin.

The same signal is fed to a LM393 High Precision Comparator to digitize it and
is made available at an Digital Output (DO) pin.

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The module has a built-in potentiometer for sensitivity adjustment of the digital
output (DO).

You can set a threshold by using a potentiometer; So that when the moisture
level exceeds the threshold value, the module will output LOW otherwise
HIGH.

This setup is very useful when you want to trigger an action when certain
threshold is reached. For example, when the moisture level in the soil crosses a
threshold, you can activate a relay to start pumping water.

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Apart from this, the module has two LEDs. The Power LED will light up when
the module is powered. The Status LED will light up when the digital output
goes LOW.

Soil Moisture Sensor Pinout

The soil moisture sensor is super easy to use and only has 4 pins to connect.

AO (Analog Output) pin gives us an analog signal between the supply value to
0V and will be connected to one of the analog inputs on your Arduino.
DO (Digital Output) pin gives Digital output of internal comparator circuit. You
can connect it to any digital pin on an Arduino or directly to a 5V relay or
similar device.
VCC pin supplies power for the sensor. It is recommended to power the sensor
with between 3.3V – 5V. Please note that the analog output will vary depending
on what voltage is provided for the sensor.
GND is a ground connection.

3.3: Relay

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Module 1 Relay with compact isolation opto, with opto and isolating transistors
to help the use become safe with the main circuit board, module 1 relay with
opto isolation opto 12V is used to switch off high-power power source AC or
DC, can choose to close when high or low click with Jumper. Contact break
switches including 3 NC contacts (normally closed), NO (normally open) and
COM (common pins) are completely isolated from the main circuit board, in
normal state without NC click will connect to COM, when available Clicking
COM state will switch to NO connection and lose connection with NC.

3.3.1: Technical features:

- Output capability: AC 250V/10A – DC 30V/10A
- Power supply: 12V
- Input current: 5mA
- Technical dimensions: 50*26*18.5mm

3.4: Motor water pump P385 12VDC:

DC Pump Water Pump P385 12VDC has a compact size, strong pressure, is
used to pump water, solutions with maximum pumping capacity up to 1 ~ 2L / 1
minute, suitable for use in various designs. small pumps: aquarium pumps,
watering plants, attaching to nozzles for hand washing or spraying, spraying,

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etc., be careful not to invert the pump as it may damage the pump structure.
motor (the anode is marked in red).

3.4.1: Technical features:

Engine type: P385.
Usage voltage: 6 ~ 12VDC
Current used: 0.5 ~ 0.7A
Pump flow: 1 ~ 2L / 1 minute
Continuous running time: <1h
Pump head diameter: 6mm inner diameter, 8.5mm outer diameter
Dimensions: 90 x 40 x 35 mm

3.5: Adapter 9V:

Power Adapter AC-DC 9V 2A is used to power devices using 9VDC voltage,
power with compact design, good quality machined components, thick copper
core wire, high strength, First line according to manufacturer specifications up
to 2A.
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3.5.1: Technical data:
Input voltage: 100 ~ 240VAC, 50 / 60Hz.
Output voltage: 9VDC
Maximum output current: 2A (if used continuously should provide at 80%
capacity).
Source type: pulse source.
Output jack: Standard Jack DC round outer diameter 5.5mm, inner diameter
suitable for needle holes from 2.1 ~ 2.5mm.

4) Introduce Arduino IDE and

programming for Arduino.
4.1: Adruino ide software display
Motherboard design is equipped with many common features and many
advantages for Arduino, however the real strength of the Arduino is in the
software. Simple programming environment which is easy to use, Wiring
programming language is easy to understand and based on C / C ++ very
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familiar to technical people. And more importantly, the number of code libraries
that are pre-written and shared by the open source community is extremely
large.

Figure: the adruino display

Arduino is the software used for arduino programming. Environmental program
for arduino is IDE that can run on the three most popular platforms currently,
Windows, Macintosh OSX and Lunix. Due to its open source nature, this
programming environment is completely free and can be extended by
experienced users. The programming language can be extended through C ++
libraries, and this programming language is based on AVR's C language, so
users can embed additional code written in AVR into the program if desired. .
Currently, the Arduino IDE can be downloaded from the homepage
http://arduino.cc/

Code on adruino IDE

Pinout diagram of sensor
Moisture soil sensor Adruino uno r3
Vcc 3.3
Gnd Gnd
A0 A0

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 D0 D2

Pinout diagram of relay

Relay Adruino uno r3

+¿¿
D 5
−¿ ¿
D GND
In D
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The main programming code:

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);//Mở cổng Serial ở mức 9600
pinMode (2, INPUT);
pinMode(A0, INPUT);
pinMode (13, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
int value = analogRead(A0); // Ta sẽ đọc giá trị hiệu điện thế của cảm biến
// Giá trị được số hóa thành 1 số nguyên có giá trị
// trong khoảng từ 0 đến 1023
Serial.println(value);//Xuất ra serial Monitor

// Đọc giá trị D0 rồi điều khiển Led 13...Các bạn cũng có thể điều khiển bơm
nước thông qua rơle....
if (value >307)
{
digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
delay(6000);//1000 tương đương với 1s trong real time. Mọi người thay đổi
giá trị này nhé
digitalWrite (13, LOW);
}
else{
digitalWrite (13, LOW);
}
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}

5) Circuit design:
We use a 9v adapter to supply power to the adruino circuit and then use the ports
a0, d2, d13 in turn to control the soil moisture sensor. Finally, by using relay
activated at low voltage and providing a separate adapter source for the pump
we can maintain humidity at 30% for plants.

6) Comment and Conclusion

Automatic Watering Systems have both advantages and

disadvantages. First of all, this is cheap price: The most of equipment

is bargain we can find it everywhere in electronic shop. Importantly

progamming is really easy because we can find file that relate it on

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internet (including the code section). Second one, it saves time and

labour. However cause circuit often contact with water so it should be

maintained regularly. Especially it just can apply to flower and small

trees and the operating range not wide. So the landlord must arrange

his garden in accordance with the range of equipment.

7) References

- Arduino.vn. 2020. Cảm Biến Độ Ẩm Đất Và Những Ứng Dụng

Hay Của Nó | Cộng Đồng Arduino Việt Nam. [online] Available

at: <http://arduino.vn/bai-viet/917-cam-bien-dat-va-nhung-ung-

dung-hay-cua-no> [Accessed 22 July 2020].

- Lib.hpu.edu.vn. 2020 [online] Available at:

<https://lib.hpu.edu.vn/bitstream/handle/123456789/25217/13_

PhamMinhAnh_DC1802.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y>

[Accessed 22 July 2020].

- (ksp, 2014) Arduino.vn. Arduino Uno R3 là gì?. [online] Available at:

< http://arduino.vn/bai-viet/42-arduino-uno-r3-la-gi> [Accessed 28 June 2020]

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- www.circuitstoday.com . Arduino Irrigation and Plant Watering

using Soil Moisture Sensor. [online] Available at:

https://www.circuitstoday.com/arduino-irrigation-plant-watering-

using-soil-moisture-sensor [Accessed 28 June 2020]

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