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Physics Pressure

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17 views3 pages

Physics Pressure

Uploaded by

riddhi16whj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Concepts of Pressure in Fluids

 Pressure (P): Pressure is the force exerted per unit area. P=A/Fwhere:
o F is the force applied
o A is the area over which the force is applied
 SI Unit of Pressure: Pascal (Pa) or N/m2.

2. Properties of Fluids

 Fluids include both liquids and gases, which can flow.


 Pressure in fluids acts equally in all directions at a given depth.

3. Pressure in Liquids

 Formula for Pressure in Liquids:

P=h⋅ρ⋅g

where:

o h is the depth of the liquid


o ρ (rho) is the density of the liquid
o g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s² on Earth)
 As depth h increases, pressure increases because the weight of the liquid column
above that point increases.

4. Transmission of Pressure in Fluids (Pascal's Law)

 Pascal's Law: In a confined fluid, any change in pressure is transmitted undiminished


throughout the fluid.
 This principle is the basis for hydraulic systems like brakes, lifts, and jacks.

5. Applications of Pressure Transmission in Fluids

 Hydraulic Press: Uses Pascal's law to magnify force, useful in car brakes, lifts, etc.
 Hydraulic Brakes: Pressure applied to the brake fluid is transmitted equally,
allowing brakes to apply force to all wheels.
 Hydraulic Lift: A small force applied to a small piston transmits pressure to lift a
larger load on a larger piston.

6. Atmospheric Pressure

 Atmospheric Pressure: The pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere on


objects at Earth's surface.
 SI Unit of Atmospheric Pressure: Also Pascal (Pa), but it is often measured in
mmHg (millimetres of mercury) or atm (atmospheres).
 Standard Atmospheric Pressure: 1 atmosphere (atm) = 101,325 Pa.
 Mercury Barometer: Measures atmospheric pressure by balancing the weight of
mercury in a column against the atmospheric pressure.
7. Factors Affecting Atmospheric Pressure

 Altitude: Atmospheric pressure decreases with an increase in altitude, as the weight


of the air above decreases.
 Temperature: Warmer air is less dense, leading to lower atmospheric pressure.

Summary Points

 Pressure in a fluid depends on depth and density.


 Pascal's Law explains how pressure is transmitted in a confined fluid.
 Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the atmosphere and varies with altitude and
temperature.

Questions

1. Define pressure. What is the SI unit of pressure?


2. Write the formula for pressure exerted by a liquid column and define each term.
3. How does pressure vary with depth in a liquid? Explain.
4. Explain why deep-sea divers need special suits when diving to great depths.

2. Questions on Pascal's Law

5. State Pascal’s Law. Give one example of an application of Pascal’s Law.


6. Describe how a hydraulic lift works, and explain which principle it operates on.
7. A hydraulic press has two pistons, one with an area of 0.05 m² and the other with an
area of 1 m². If a force of 100 N is applied to the smaller piston, calculate the force
exerted by the larger piston.
8. How does Pascal’s Law apply to hydraulic brakes in vehicles?

3. Questions on Atmospheric Pressure

9. What is atmospheric pressure? How is it measured?


10. What is the standard atmospheric pressure in pascals and in mmHg?
11. Explain why atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases.
12. Describe how a mercury barometer works and how it measures atmospheric pressure.
13. Why do we not feel the atmospheric pressure acting on our bodies?

4. Application-Based Questions

14. Explain why it is easier to cut vegetables with a sharp knife compared to a blunt one,
in terms of pressure.
15. Why do car tires need to have air pressure adjusted at higher altitudes?
5. Numerical Problems

16. Calculate the pressure exerted at the bottom of a lake with a depth of 15 m. (Density
of water, ρ=1000 kg/m3\rho = 1000 \, \text{kg/m}^3ρ=1000kg/m3, g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8
\, \text{m/s}^2g=9.8m/s2).
17. A rectangular tank is filled with oil of density 800 kg/m³. If the height of the oil
column is 10 m, calculate the pressure exerted by the oil at the bottom of the tank.
18. A man applies a force of 150 N on a surface of area 0.03 m². Calculate the pressure he
applies on the surface.

These questions cover concepts and applications of pressure in fluids, transmission of


pressure through fluids, and atmospheric pressure. Working through these will help you
reinforce key ideas for exams!

1. Define pressure. What is the SI unit of pressure?


2. A force of 50 N is applied on an area of 10 cm². Calculate the pressure exerted.
3. What is the pressure at a depth of 5 m in water? (Given: density of water = 1000
kg/m31000 \, \text{kg/m}^31000kg/m3, g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8 \,
\text{m/s}^2g=9.8m/s2).
4. What happens to the pressure in a fluid as the depth increases? Explain why.
5. A person is diving underwater at a depth of 20 m. Calculate the pressure
experienced by the person at that depth. (Density of water = 1000 kg/m³).
6. A balloon is filled with helium and submerged in water at a certain depth. Will
the pressure inside the balloon be higher, lower, or the same as the external water
pressure? Explain.

Pascal's Law and Transmission of Pressure

7. State Pascal's Law. Explain how it is used in hydraulic systems.


8. In a hydraulic press, a force of 100 N is applied to a piston of area 0.2 m². If the
second piston has an area of 2 m², calculate the force exerted by the second piston.
9. Explain how a hydraulic brake works using Pascal’s Law.
10. What is the role of the liquid in a hydraulic system?
11. A small piston exerts a force of 10 N on a fluid in a hydraulic system, which
causes a large piston to lift a load of 500 N. If the area of the small piston is 0.01
m², calculate the area of the large piston.

Atmospheric Pressure

12. Define atmospheric pressure. What is its value at sea level in pascals (Pa)?
13. Why do we not feel the atmospheric pressure around us?
14. Explain how a barometer works to measure atmospheric pressure.
15. Why does atmospheric pressure decrease with altitude?
16. If a person is at a height of 3000 m above sea level, how does the atmospheric
pressure at that height compare with the atmospheric pressure at sea level?
17. A mercury barometer shows a height of 76 cm. What is the atmospheric pressure
in pascals? (Density of mercury = 13600 kg/m³, g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8 \,
\text{m/s}^2g=9.8m/s2).

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