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IB DIPLOMA PROGRAMME M05/5/FURMA/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M+

PROGRAMME DU DIPLÔME DU BI
PROGRAMA DEL DIPLOMA DEL BI

MARKSCHEME

MAY 2005

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

Standard Level

Paper 2

12 pages
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This markscheme is confidential and for the exclusive use of

examiners in this examination session.

It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and

must not be reproduced or distributed to any other person
without the authorization of IBCA.
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Paper 2 Markscheme

Instructions to Examiners
1 Method of marking

(a) All marking must be done using a red pen.

(b) Marks should be noted on candidates’ scripts as in the markscheme:

y show the breakdown of individual marks using the abbreviations (M1), (A2) etc.

y write down each part mark total, indicated on the markscheme (for example, [3 marks] ) – it
is suggested that this be written at the end of each part, and underlined;

y write down and circle the total for each question at the end of the question.

2 Abbreviations

The markscheme may make use of the following abbreviations:

M Marks awarded for Method

A Marks awarded for an Answer or for Accuracy

G Marks awarded for correct solutions, generally obtained from a Graphic Display Calculator,
irrespective of working shown

R Marks awarded for clear Reasoning

AG Answer Given in the question and consequently marks are not awarded

3 Follow Through (ft) Marks

Errors made at any step of a solution can affect all working that follows. To limit the severity of the
penalty, follow through (ft) marks should be awarded. The procedures for awarding these marks
require that all examiners:

(i) penalise an error when it first occurs;

(ii) accept the incorrect answer as the appropriate value or quantity to be used in all subsequent
working;

(iii) award M marks for a correct method, and A(ft) marks if the subsequent working contains no
further errors.

Follow through procedures may be applied repeatedly throughout the same problem.
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The following illustrates a use of the follow through procedure:

Markscheme Candidate’s Script Marking

$ 600 × 1.02 M1 Amount earned = $ 600 × 1.02 8 M1
= $ 612 A1 = $602 × A0
$ (306 × 1.02) + (306 × 1.04) M1 Amount = 301 × 1.02 + 301 × 1.04 8 M1
= $ 630.36 A1 = $ 620.06 8 A1(ft)

Note that the candidate made an arithmetical error at line 2; the candidate used a correct method at
lines 3, 4; the candidate’s working at lines 3, 4 is correct.

However, if a question is transformed by an error into a different, much simpler question then:

(i) fewer marks should be awarded at the discretion of the Examiner;

(ii) marks awarded should be followed by “(d)” (to indicate that these marks have been awarded at
the discretion of the Examiner);

(iii) a brief note should be written on the script explaining how these marks have been awarded.

4 Using the Markscheme

(a) This markscheme presents a particular way in which each question may be worked and how it
should be marked. Alternative methods have not always been included. Thus, if an answer is
wrong then the working must be carefully analysed in order that marks are awarded for a
different method in a manner which is consistent with the markscheme.
In this case:
(i) a mark should be awarded followed by “(d)” (to indicate that these marks have
been awarded at the discretion of the Examiner);

(ii) a brief note should be written on the script explaining how these marks have been
awarded.

Where alternative methods for complete questions are included, they are indicated by METHOD 1,
METHOD 2, etc. Other alternative solutions, including graphic display calculator alternative
solutions are indicated by OR. For example:

Mean = 7906/134 (M1)

= 59 (A1)
OR
Mean = 59 (G2)
sin θ
(b) Unless the question specifies otherwise, accept equivalent forms. For example: for tan θ .
cos θ
On the markscheme, these equivalent numerical or algebraic forms will generally be written in
brackets after the required answer. Paper setters will indicate the required answer, by
allocating full marks at that point. Further working should be ignored, even if it is incorrect.
For example: if candidates are asked to factorize a quadratic expression, and they do so
correctly, they are awarded full marks. If they then continue and find the roots of the
corresponding equation, do not penalize, even if those roots are incorrect ie, once the correct
answer is seen, ignore further working.
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(c) As this is an international examination, all alternative forms of notation should be accepted.
For example: 1.7, 1 ⋅ 7, 1,7; different forms of vector notation such u , u , u , tan −1 x for arctan
x.

5 Accuracy of Answers

If the level of accuracy is specified in the question, a mark will be allocated for giving the answer to
the required accuracy.

There are two types of accuracy error. Candidates should be penalized once only IN THE PAPER for
an accuracy error (AP).

Award the marks as usual then write −1(AP) against the answer and also on the front cover.

Rounding errors: only applies to final answers not to intermediate steps.

Level of accuracy: when this is not specified in the question the general rule unless otherwise stated
in the question all numerical answers must be given exactly or to three significant figures applies.

y If a final correct answer is incorrectly rounded, apply the AP.

OR
y If the level of accuracy is not specified in the question, apply the AP for answers not given to 3
significant figures. (Please note that this has changed from May 2003).

Incorrect answers are wrong, and the accuracy penalty should not be applied to incorrect answers.

Examples

A question leads to the answer 4.6789….

y 4.68 is the correct 3 s.f. answer.
y 4.7, 4.679 are to the wrong level of accuracy : both should be penalised the first time this type of
error occurs.
y 4.67 is incorrectly rounded - penalise on the first occurrence.

Note: All these “incorrect” answers may be assumed to come from 4.6789..., even if that value is
not seen, but previous correct working is shown. However, 4.60 is wrong, as is 4.5, 4.8, and these
should be penalised as being incorrect answers, not as examples of accuracy errors.

6 Graphic Display Calculators

Many candidates will be obtaining solutions directly from their calculators, often without showing any
working. They have been advised that they must use mathematical notation, not calculator commands
when explaining what they are doing. Incorrect answers without working will receive no marks.
However, if there is written evidence of using a graphic display calculator correctly, method marks
may be awarded. Where possible, examples will be provided to guide examiners in awarding these
method marks.
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1. (i)

(a) Since CP is a bisector to angle C in triangle ABC, we can use

the bisector theorem
AP AC
= (M1)
PB CB
Then, using the sine rule,
π π
sin sin
AC
= 8 = 8 = tan π (M1) (A1)
CB sin 5 π π 8
cos
8 8

(b) Triangle ACM is isosceles with AM = CM (A1)

BM BM
= ˆ = tan 3π
= tan BAM (M1) (A1)
CM AM 8

(c) We calculate the product

BM CN AP π 3π π π
× × = tan × tan × 1 = tan × cot × 1 (M1) (A1)
MC NA PB 8 8 8 8
=1 (A1)
By the converse of Ceva’s theorem the lines (AM), (BN) and (CP)
are concurrent. (R1)

(ii) (a) Let x1 and x2 be the coordinates of D and F, then

( ) (
D x1 , 2 x1 , F x 2 , − 2 x2 ) (M1)
and since E is the midpoint of DF
x1 + x2 2 x1 − 2 x2
= 2; = 1 ⇔ x1 + x2 = 4; x1 − x2 = 1 (M1)
2 2
The equation of the line is
y − y2 2 x1 + 2 x2 2
y −1= 1 ( x − 2) = ( x − 2) = ( x − 2)
x1 − x2 x1 − x2 x1 − x2
⇒ y − 1 = 2( x − 2) ⇒ y = 2 x − 3 (M1)(A1)

continued …
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Question 1 (ii) continued

(b) Substituting y = 2 x + 3 into the equation of the parabola

y 2 = 4 x ⇒ ( 2 x + 3) = 4 x ⇒ 4 x 2 − 16 x + 9 = 0
2

4± 7
and so x = (M1)(A1)
2
Substituting into the original equation will give the coordinates of
⎛4− 7 ⎞ ⎛4+ 7 ⎞
D and F as ⎜ , 1− 7 ⎟, ⎜ , 1+ 7 ⎟ (A1)(A1)
⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Note: Alternative method:
Substituting x2 = 4 − x1 into the second equation and squaring twice gives
4 x12 − 16 x1 + 9 = 0
4± 7
So x1 = , i.e. x1 and x2 are conjugates.
2
Substituting into the original equation will give the coordinates of D and F
⎛4− 7 ⎞ ⎛4+ 7 ⎞
as ⎜⎜ , 1− 7 ⎟, ⎜ , 1+ 7 ⎟
⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
The equation of the line follows, i.e. y = 2 x − 3

(c) The distance

2

( ))
⎛4+ 7 4− 7 ⎞
(
2
DF = ⎜⎜ − ⎟ + 1+ 7 − 1− 7 = 35 (M1)(A1)
⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠
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2. (a) f (0) = −5, f (1) = 1 (A1)

Since f is a continuous function and f (0) × f (1) < 0 , (M1)
by the intermediate value theorem, there must be at least one value of c ∈]0, 1[
such that f (c) = 0 . (R1)

(b) (i) f : I → , where I is an open interval, I ⊆ , F is continuous and

differentiable on I. (A1)
Given that f (a ) = f (b), a , b ∈ I , a ≠ b , then there exist at least one c,
a < c < b such that f ′ (c) = 0 . (A1)

(ii) If there were two zeroes on ]0, 1[ , let us call them a and b. Then by the
Rolle’s theorem there must be a < c < b such that f ′ (c) = 0 . (R1)
But f ′ ( x) = 5 x + 6 x + 3 has no real zeroes
4 2
(A1)
Therefore there is only one zero of the function f on ]0, 1[ . (R1)(AG)

f ( xn )
(c) f ( x) = x 5 + 2 x3 + 3 x − 5, f ′ ( x) = 5 x 4 + 6 x 2 + 3, xn+1 = x n −
f ′ ( xn )
x0 = 1 x0 = 0
x1 = 0.9285714286 x1 = 1.666666667 (A1)
x2 = 1.28691536
x2 = 0.9220632235 x3 = 1.037274638 (A1)
x4 = 0.9359415572
x3 = 0.9220143819 x5 = 0.9222335721 (A1)
x4 = 0.9220143791 x6 = 0.922014434
x = 0.922014 (A1)

(d) (i) x5 + 2 x 3 + 3x − 5 = 0 ⇒ 2 x3 = 5 − x5 − 3 x ⇒ (M1)

5 − x − 3x
5
5 − x − 3x 5
x3 = ⇒x= 3 (A1)(AG)
2 2

5 − x5 − 3x
(ii) g ( x) = 3 ⇒ g ′ (1) = 2.12 > 1 , so the iteration diverges. (M1)(A1)
2

2 −1
(e) (i) AS = ( f (1) + 4 × f (1.5) + f (2) ) = (M1)(A1)
3× 2
1⎛ 443 ⎞ 281
= ⎜1 + 4 × + 49 ⎟ = = 17.5625 (A1)
6⎝ 32 ⎠ 16

2 35
(ii) Exact value: ∫ f ( x) dx = = 17.5 (G1)
1 2
281 35
−
16 2
Percentage error: ×100 % = 0.357 % (A1)
35
2
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3. (i) (a) The order of vertices in each graph is 4, 3, 3, 3, 3

so we can construct an isomorphism φ such that φ(D) = J
because they are both of order 4. (R1)(A1)
A possible mapping of the rest is
φ(A) = F, φ(B) = G, φ(C) = H, φ(E) = I. (A1)

⎛ 6⎞
(b) (i) κ6 has ⎜ ⎟ = 15 edges. (A1)
2
⎝ ⎠

(ii) To be a κ4 any set of four vertices in G should contain exactly

one vertex from the following three pairs of vertices:
P or Q, R or S, T or U.
Nevertheless, G must contain four vertices, therefore we need
to add one more vertex.
This fourth vertex has to be one of the three vertices not chosen
in the first round.
However, any of these vertices is not connected to every vertex
in the already chosen set, and hence no κ4 can be formed. (R2)

(iii) There are two cases:

Disjoint, e.g. PQ and RS, but then the set {T, U, P or Q, R or S}
will form κ4.
Sharing a vertex, e.g. PQ and QR, but then the set {S, T, U, P or Q or R}
will form κ4.
Hence removal of only two edges will leave a graph which must
contain κ4. (M2)
Therefore the number of edges in a maximum graph with 6 vertices
is 15 − 3 = 12 (A1)

(ii) (a) If x and y have the same remainder r when divided by m, then
x = k1m + r ⎫
⎬ ⇒ x − y = (k1 − k2 ) m (M1)
y = k2 m + r ⎭
(k1 − k2 ) ∈ ⇒ x ≡ y (mod m) (A1)(AG)

x ≡ y (mod m) ⇒ x − y = km
Suppose x and y do not have the same remainder when divided by m (A1)
x = k1m + r1 ⎫
⎬ with r1 , r2 < m
y = k2 m + r2 ⎭ (M1)
⇒ x − y = (k1 − k2 ) m + (r1 − r2 ) = km
⇒ r1 − r2 = 0 ⇒ r1 = r2 (A1)(AG)

continued …
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Question 3 (ii) continued

2 x ≡ 3(mod 5) ⎫ 2 x − 3 = 5k ⎫ 6 x − 9 = 15k ⎫
(b) ⎬⇒ ⎬⇒ ⎬ (M1)(A1)
3x ≡ 2(mod 7) ⎭ 3x − 2 = 7l ⎭ 6 x − 4 = 14l ⎭
14l − 5
−5 = 15k − 14l ⇒ k = (M1)(A1)
15
Since all the values are positive integers by inspection we get (A1)
l = 10, k = 9 ⇒ x = 24
OR
2 x ≡ 3(mod 5) ⎫
⎬ (M1)(A1)
3x ≡ 2 (mod 7) ⎭

Multiply the first equation by 3 and the second by 5

x ≡ 4(mod 5) ⎫ x = 4 + 5k ⎫
⇒ ⎬⇒ ⎬⇒ (M1)(A1)
x ≡ 3(mod 7) ⎭ x = 3 + 7l ⎭
x = 4, 9, 13, 19, 24, 29 ... ⎫
⎬ ⇒ x = 24 (A1)
x = 3, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38 ...⎭
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4. (i) If ( A ∩ B′) ∪ B = B (M1)(A1)

then A ∪ B = B and A ⊂ B (R1)
If A ⊂ B then A ∩ B′ = ∅ ⇒ ∅ ∪ B = B (A1)(A1)

π π π π 2π 2π
(ii) (a) (i) ω = cos + isin , ω 2 = cos + isin , ω 3 = i, ω 4 = cos + isin
6 6 3 3 3 3
5π 5π 7π 7π 4π 4π
ω 5 = cos + isin , ω 6 = −1, ω 7 = cos + i sin , ω 8 = cos + isin
6 6 6 6 3 3
5 π 5 π 11π 11π
ω 9 = −i, ω 10 = cos + i sin , ω 11 = cos + i sin , ω 12 = 1 (A3)
3 3 6 6

1 1

(ii) The numbers form a regular dodecagon in the complex plane inscribed
in the unit circle. (A2)

{
(iii) The possible generators are ω , ω 5 , ω 7 , ω 11 } (A2)

(b) All the possible proper subgroups are:

{ } {
{1, − 1} , 1, ω 4 , ω 8 , {1, i, − 1, − i} , 1, ω 2 , ω 4 , − 1, ω 8 , ω 10 } (A4)

(c) × 1 2 3 4
1 1 2 3 4 (A1)
2 2 4 1 3
3 3 1 4 2
4 4 3 2 1

× 1 i −1 −i
1 1 i −1 −i
i i −1 −i 1
−1 −1 −i 1 i
−i −i 1 i −1

We can observe that both groups are cyclic groups of order 4, therefore it is
possible to construct an isomorphism. It is possible to construct two different
isomorphisms. (R1)
1→1, 4→ −1 and then we have two possibilities
2→ i or –i, while 3 → −i or i. (M1)(A1)
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5. (a) x1 = 2.26, s1 = 1.60 (A1)(A1)

(b) X ∼ Po ( µ = 2.26) ⇒ Ei = 100 × P ( X = i ), i = 0, 1... (M1)

xi 0 1 2 3 4 5 or more
fo 21 11 24 18 17 9
f e 10.4 23.6 26.6 20.1 11.3 8
(A3)
H0: The distribution can be modelled by a Poisson distribution.
H1: The distribution can not be modelled by a Poisson distribution. (A1)
( fe − fo )
2
5
χ calc
2
=∑ = 21.0 (M1)(A1)
i =0 fe
ν = 6 − 2 = 4 degrees of freedom. (A1)
χ 2 = 9.488 (A1)
Since 21 > 9.49 we reject H0 , i.e. the distribution cannot be modelled by a
Poisson distribution. (R1)

(c) H0: There is no difference between the means.

H1: There is a difference between means. (A1)
We use a two-tailed test at the 5 % level of significance. (M1)

EITHER
2.26 − 2
z= = 1.38 (M1)(A1)
2.5524 0.92
+
100 80

Since 1.38 < 1.96 we do not have enough evidence to reject H0 and
conclude that there is no sufficient evidence to show that there is a
difference between two mean values of fouls per game. (R1)

OR
2.26 − 2
t= = 1.29 , 178 degrees of freedom (M1)(A1)
1 1
1.34 +
100 80
Since 1.29 < 1.97 we do not have enough evidence to reject H0 and
conclude that there is no sufficient evidence to show that there is a
difference between two mean values of fouls per game. (R1)

(d) H0: There is no difference in the fouls per game.

H1: The first player makes more fouls per game. (A1)
We use one-tailed test at the 10 % level of significance. (M1)

EITHER
z = 1.377
Since 1.38 >1.282 we reject H0 and conclude that there is evidence
that first player makes more fouls per game. (R1)

OR
t = 1.29 , 178 degrees of freedom
Since 1.29 >1.286 we reject H0 and conclude that there is evidence
that first player makes more fouls per game. (R1)