PART-B: SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS

UNIT-1: AI Reflection, Project Cycle and Ethics

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Definition:
Artificial intelligence is a technology that enables computers and machines to
simulate human intelligence and problem-solving capabilities.
Components of AI:
Data and Algorithm makes a machine Artificially intelligent.
Features of AI:
Mimics human intelligence
Solves real-world problems
Improves on its own from past experiences
Predicts and make decisions on its own
Applications of AI:
Face Lock and Fingerprint Lock in Smartphones protects user data.
Smart assistants
in speech, then infer meaning and provide a useful response.
Fraud and Risk Detection by Banks and Finance companies through
customer profiling, past expenditures, and other essential variables to
analyse the probabilities of risk and default.
Medical Imaging
diseases.
Machine Learning (ML):
Machine learning (ML) is a branch of AI that focuses on the using data and
algorithms to enable AI to imitate the human skills of learning and gradually
improving its accuracy. Machine learning may dependent on human
intervention to learn.
Deep Learning (DL):
Deep learning is a subset of ML that uses multi-layered neural networks to
simulate the complex decision-making power of the human brain.
Deep Learning does not need human intervention.

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 Domains of AI
There are 3 major domains in AI:

Computer Natural Language

Data Science
Vision Processing

1. Data Sciences (DS)

Data sciences is a domain of AI related to data systems and processes where the
system collects numerous data, maintains data sets and derives meaning or sense
out of them. The information extracted through data science can be used to make
a decision about it.

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 Application of Data Science:
Price Comparison Websites like PriceGrabber, PriceRunner, Junglee, Shopzilla,
DealTime etc.

2. Computer Vision (CV)

Computer Vision is a domain of AI that enables a machine to get and analyse
visual information and predicts or decides about it.
The entire process involves image acquiring, screening, analysing, identifying and
extracting information from photographs and videos captured through thermal or
infrared sensors, indicators or other sources.
Application of Computer Vision:
Self-Driving cars/ Automatic Cars, Face Lock in Smartphones, etc.

3. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Natural Language Processing is a branch of AI that deals with the interaction
between computers and humans using the natural language. NLP attempts to
extract information from the spoken and written words using algorithms.
The objective of NLP is to read, decipher, understand, and make sense of the
human languages.

Application of Natural Language Processing:

Email filters / Spam filters, Smart assistants like Alexa, Siri etc.
AI Ethics
Difference between Morals and Ethics:

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 AI Ethics:
Ethical principles need to be applied by the organisations developing and
implementing AI Systems regarding the volume and types of data need to be
collected from the users in order to provide optimal customised services. The
privacy and secrecy of the users needs to be maintained.
Principles in AI Ethics:

Human
Rights

Inclusion Ethical Bias

Principles

Privacy

Human Rights: The users of AI Systems should not loose personal and
financial independence. The must not face any discrimination.

Bias: Bias is said to be the partiality or preference for one over others. AI bias
may often come from the collected data which may affect the results. For
example, AI should represent all sections of the society and must not exclude
anyone.
Privacy: AI Systems should not disclose individual and private data. It should

Inclusion: AI must discriminate against a particular group of population,

causing them any kind of disadvantage.

Ethical scenarios faced while building AI solutions

Scenario 1: If a driverless car finds someone crossing the road, takes a turn to
avoid hitting the person and instead smashed the car in a wall / tree nearby

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 causing serious injury to the passengers, is it a fault in the development on
moral ground.
Scenario 2: If any Automated or Driverless Car hits someone standing in the
middle of a road, who needs to be held responsible; whom should be penalised.

AI bias
The biased mentality of the developers may result in the presence of bias in the
AI System. Bias might not be negative always but it may reflect the social
norms and common facts.
Examples of AI Bias:
All the virtual assistants have a female voice.
If searching is done for Salons on Google, the resultant list mostly contains
female salons.
Searching for images of Nurse gives the pictures of female nurses mostly.
AI Access
Since AI Systems are emerging technology and expensive, all cannot get access
to AI and get benefitted. AI may create unemployment if not implemented
carefully and with compassion.
Access of AI to kids must be limited for their effective cognitive development.
Smart Assistants can be used for fun, but problem-solving software like
ChatGPT should not be used for solving math and science related problems.

AI Project Cycle
Project Cycle is a step-by-step process to solve problems using AI and drawing
inferences about them.
Importance of the AI project cycle:
Understandability: Understand the process and its each step better
Modularity: Break down process into small parts for ease of development.
Efficiency: Make better, faster and more effective AI solution in less effort

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 Fig: AI Project Cycle

Stage 1: Problem Scoping

Selection of a problem to solve with the help of AI is said to be Problem Scoping.
Step 1: Selection of theme.
Step 2: Find root cause of the problem.
Step 3: Select GOAL of the AI project.
Step 4: Identify 4 critical parameters using 4Ws Problem Canvas to solve.
Step 5: Problem Statement template can be used to frame the 4Ws to define the
problem and summarize the key elements.

Who Stakeholders of the Problem Person or people facing the problem.

What
I. Identify the nature of the problem
II. Assess whether it is actually a problem to the stakeholders
III. Evidence in support of the problem

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 Where Finding the following details about the problem:
Location, Context, Situation, Frequency
Why Finding root cause of the problem.

Stage 2: Data Acquisition

Data are the piece of facts and information collected for reference or analysis.
Data must be accurate, reliable and traceable.
Data acquisition refers to collection of correct data from reliable source.
AI system must be trained with Training Data Set. Based on Historical / Training
data, the AI system can predict next level of data set which is called Testing
Data.
Data can be acquired in the various formats Coordinates, texts, photos, videos
etc. Data feature refers to the type of data i.e., attributes / fields.
Data acquisition methods:
Surveys Web Scraping Sensors Cameras Observations APIs

Only public data should be acquired that is available in open-source websites

or government portals. General Data Protection Right (GDPR) must not be
,
india.gov.in, etc.
Stage 3: Data Exploration
Visual representation of data helps in analyzing data in the following ways:
Quickly comprehend the trends, relationships, and patterns within data
Define strategy and choose model
Communicate information to others

Different types of graphs can be used: Line graph, Bar Graph, Pie chart etc.

Stage 4: Data Modelling

For developing project in AI the model or algorithm can be chosen to predict

output based on the set of inputs in any one of the following manners:
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 Designing own model
Choose a pre-existing model

AI Models

Rule-based Learning-based
Approach Approach

Machine Learning Deep Learning

(ML) (DL)

A. Rule-based AI Approach:
Relationships or patterns in data are predefined and algorithm follows the rule
or instructions mentioned and perform the tasks accordingly. The data along
with rules are fed to the machine during training and then the machine become
able to predict answers for the same.
Example:
Step 1: Train system with training data fed into the system.
[Dataset containing 1000 images of onions and carrots with labels]
Step 2: Feed a testing data [Say one image of onion]
Step 3: Compare training data with testing data as per rules
[Compare image of onion with all others]
Step 4: Identify the correct output [Determine its onion]
Advantage:
The algorithms are simple and easy to implement. Number of data required is
limited. Hence training machine is easy.
Limitation:
This learning is static. The machine once trained, does not take into
consideration any changes made in the original training dataset. That is, if you
try testing the machine on a dataset which is different from the rules and data
you fed it at the training stage, the machine will fail and will not learn from its
mistake. Once trained, the model cannot improvise itself based on feedbacks.

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 B. Learning-based AI Approach:

In Learning based AI model, the machine gets trained on the data fed to it and
then can design a model, adaptive to the change in data. Implementation
through: Classification of images, used in Computer Vision.
Advantage:
It is a dynamic model. If the model is trained with a type of data and the
machine designs the algorithm around it, the model would adjust itself
according to the changes in the data to handle the exceptions.

Disadvantage:
Huge amount quality of data is required for training the machine. Large storage
and efficient algorithm is required. It is expensive and time taking to implement.

Example:
Step 1: Random data is fed into the system. [10,000 images of people in a city]
Step 2: Machine analyses data. [to identify sick and healthy people]
Step 3: System tries to extract similar features. Algorithm needs to derive
relationship in data. [Identify facial expressions and emotions]
Step 4: Cluster same data together. [Form group with identical facial
expressions]
Step 5: Output is the broad trends observed in the data set. [Identify whether a
given picture belong to a sick or healthy person]

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 Supervised Learning
In a supervised learning model, the dataset which is fed to the machine is labelled.
A label is some information which can be used as a tag for data.
i. Regression:
Algorithm generates a mapping function from the given data, represented by a
line. It helps to predict or forecast future data. Regression works with continuous
data.
e.g. Prediction of marks in the next exam based on historical data.
ii. Classification:
Algorithm classifies the data according to the labels and sorted as per labelling is
done. It works on discrete data sets.
e.g. Classify image of men and women where numerous images of men and
women in different structures and formats are fed as training data.

Unsupervised Learning
An unsupervised learning model works on unlabelled dataset. Data fed to the
machine is random. The unsupervised learning models are used to identify
relationships, patterns, and trends out of the training data. It helps the user in
understanding what the data is about and what are the major features identified by
the machine in it.
Example
A random data of 1000 dog images are fed into the system and some pattern can
be found out of it, like colour, size of dogs etc.
i. Clustering:
This unsupervised learning algorithm can cluster the unknown data according to
the patterns or trends identified out of it. Cluster works in random, unlabelled, and

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 discrete data sets. The patterns observed might be the ones which are known to the
developer or it might even come up with some unique patterns out of it.

ii. Dimensionality Reduction:

Human beings are able to visualise upto 3-Dimensions only. But according to lot
of theories and algorithms, there are various entities which exist beyond 3-
Dimensions. Dimensionality reduction algorithm is used to reduce dimensions and
still make sense out of data.
The information gets distorted with reducing dimensions. At least 50% of the
information is lost after reducing one dimension.

Reinforcement Learning:
Reinforcement learning is a machine learning technique that trains software to
make decisions to achieve the most optimal results. It mimics the trial-and-error
learning process that humans use to achieve their goals. This uses a reward-and-
punishment paradigm as they process data.

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 Stage 5: Evaluation
After completing all the steps of AI Project Cycle, the model needs to be evaluated
to ensure correctness of results generated from new data.
Once a model has been made and trained, it needs to go through proper testing so
that one can calculate the efficiency and performance of the model. Hence, the
model is tested with the help of Testing Data (acquired during Data Acquisition
stage) and the efficiency of the model is calculated based on the parameters
mentioned below:

If there is any variance between Training data set and Test data set, the model
needs to be improved by means of iteration.
Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) is a metric used to find out the accuracy
of a model.

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 Check your Progress

20 questions of 1 mark each (20 x 1 = 20)

1. State True / False
Machine Learning is a subset of Deep Learning.
2. Which of the following is not a domain of AI?
(a) CV (b) DS (c) SN (d) NLP
3. Spam filter is an application of ____________.
(a) Natural Language Processing (c) Computer Vision
(b) Data Science (d) Segmentation
4. _____________ (AI Ethics / AI Access) needs to be ensured so that
everyone can afford the benefit of AI.
5. S
images. This is an instance of ____________.
(a) AI Access (b) AI Bias (c) AI Domain (d) AI Ethics
6. Which of the following is not a responsibility of AI developers?
(a) User data protection (b) Maintaining Dignity of users
(c) Class Segregation (d) Maintain price performance ratio
7. Choose the five stages of AI project cycle in correct order:

a. Evaluation -> Problem Scoping -> Data Exploration -> Data

Acquisition -> Modelling
b. Problem Scoping -> Data Exploration -> Data Acquisition ->
Evaluation -> Modelling
c. Data Acquisition -> Problem Scoping -> Data Exploration ->
Modelling ->Evaluation
d. Problem Scoping -> Data Acquisition -> Data Exploration ->
Modelling ->Evaluation
8. Which of are the advantages of developing an AI Project Cycle?
i. Understandability
ii. Modularity
iii. Cost Effective
iv. Time saving
(a) i & iv (b) ii & iii (c) i & ii (d) iii & iv
9.
(a) When (b) Where (c) Why (d) Who
10. _______________ summarises all the key points of a problem as a
single format.
11. AI system must be fed with _______ Data and it can predict next level
of data called _________ Data.

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 12. Which of the following is not a correct method of Data Collection?
(a) Survey (b) Prediction (c) Observation (d) API
13. Data Exploration can be done through:
(a) Bar Graph (b) Histogram (c) Flowcharts (d) All of these
14. State True / False:
Deep Learning is not a part of Rule Based AI model.
15. The AI System development takes place in the ____________ stage of
AI Project Cycle.
16.

an example of:
a. Classification b. Clustering c. Regression d. Dimensionality
Reduction
17. Which of the following is a problem of Learning based AI approach?
(a) Adjusting (b) Limited data (c) Slower Outcome (d) Inaccurate
18. Identify the data modelling technique.

a)Regression b) Classification c) Clustering d) Dimensionality reduction

Q19 and 20 are ASSERTION AND REASONING based questions.
Mark the correct choice as
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A
(c) A is True but R is False
(d) A is false but R is True
19. Assertion: Rule based AI model is a static model.
Reasoning: Rule based model can evolve over changing data set.
20. Assertion: Dimension Reduction is used in higher dimension problems.
Reasoning: Reducing dimension of a problem causes huge data loss.

15 questions of 2 marks each (15 x 2 = 30)

21. Write down some applications of AI in daily life.
22. How should AI system maintain privacy of user data?
23. State the requirement of NLP. Give example.
24. Why is ethics important while developing AI application? Justify your
answer.
25. How can biasness influences AI systems? Give suitable example.

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 26. What do you mean by AI project cycle? State its advantages.
27. Name the stages of AI project cycle.
28.
29. Sunita needs to collect data for her AI project. Please suggest her any 4
methods of Data Acquisition.
30. Distinguish between Training data and Testing data.
31. Ravi needs to represent data. State any two data visualization techniques
during data exploration.
32. Differentiate between Supervised and Unsupervised Learning.
33. How Reinforcement Learning implemented?
34. Write down the importance of Evaluation in AI project cycle.
35. Name any two methods of AI project evaluation.

5 questions of 4 mark each (5 x 4 = 20)

36. Define AI, ML and DL. Also state the relation among them.
37. What do you mean by Data Science and Computer Vision. Give suitable
examples for each.
38. Distinguish between Rule based AI and Learning based AI.
39. Explain the concept of Regression and Classification. Give examples for
each.
40. How clustering is different from classification? When is dimensionality
reduction useful?
Solutions
1. False 2. c 3. a 4. AI Access 5. b
6. c 7. d 8. c 9. a 10. Problem Statement Template
11. 12. b 13. d 14. True 15. Data Modelling
Train
ing,
Testi
ng
16. a 17. c 18. a 19. c 20. b

Answers of 2 Marks Questions

21. a) AI can recommend products or services based on the browsing history,
past purchases, and preferences of the users.
b) AI can provide personalized experience, assessment, and feedback.
c) AI user face recognition system for protecting devices and data.
d) AI analyses vast amounts of medical data, assist doctors in diagnosing
diseases and recommend personalized treatment plans.

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 Or any other correct answer
22. a) Restrict data collection to what is strictly necessary.
b) Secure data by identifying risk, stop misuse or leakage of data with
encryption and password protection.
c) Take permission from user while collecting their personal information
and clearly state their usage. Provide control to user over their
individual information.
23. NLP helps computers understand, interpret and manipulate human
language. The objective of NLP is to read/listens, decipher, understand,
and make sense of the human languages or producing human language
from textual data.
e.g. Spam filtering, Smart Assistants, Text-to-Speech converter etc.

24. The AI System must abide by social ethics like maintaining human rights,
freedom, emotions, dignity, privacy, and safety. AI must consider the
well-being of mankind.

25. If bias is present in the data and algorithm provided to the AI system, it
produces biased results that reflects human biases within a society,
including historical and current social inequality.
e.g. Searching image of Nurse gives images of Female Nurses mostly.

26. AI project cycle is a structured method for developing and deploying AI

projects to solve real-world problems.

Advantages:
a) Improve success rate and quality of result
b) Reduce risks during development
c) Increases Efficiency and productivity
d) Modular approach eases understandability and development

27. Problem Scoping => Data Acquisition => Data Exploration =>
Data Modelling => Evaluation

28. 4W Problem Canvas is a Problem Scoping framework prepared to

understand scope of the project and prepare Problem Statement Template.
It has 4 components who, what, where, why

Who are the stakeholders facing the problem and need solution?
What is the nature of the problem and its severity?
Where is the Location, Context, Situation and Frequency of the

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 problem?
Why is the problem occurring?

29. Surveys, Web Scraping, Interviews, Observations, APIs (Any two)

30. Training Data Testing Data

i. Used to train the machine i. Used to test performance
learning model of a trained model
ii. Input to the system ii. Outcome from a system
iii. Larger data set for better iii. Smaller data set obtained
knowledge and accuracy after evaluation
31.
Line graph, Bar graph, Area graph, Pie chart, Histogram, Scatter plots,
Flowchart (Any Two)

32. Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning

i. Uses Known and Labelled i. Uses Unknown Data as
Data as input input
ii. Less Computational ii. More Computational
Complexity Complex
iii. Uses off-line analysis iii. Uses Real-Time Analysis
of Data
iv. Accurate and Reliable iv. Moderate Accurate and
Results Reliable Results
v. Training data and testing v. Training data and testing
data is given data is not given
vi. Not possible to learn larger vi. It is possible to learn
and more complex models larger and more complex
models
vii. Can test the model vii. Cannot test the model
33.
Reinforcement Learning uses a trial-and-error learning method which is
implemented by collecting feedback. It uses Reward-Punishment
paradigm.

34. Evaluation ensures that the model is operating correctly and optimally.
It determines whether efficiency and performance of the model is
acceptable or needs to improve.

35. Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 Score (Any two)

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 4 Marks Questions
36. AI enables machines to mimic human intelligence for decision making
and problem solving.
ML imitates the human skills of learning, performing the task and
improving its accuracy over time. It may need human intervention.
DL uses multi-layered neural networks to simulate the complex
decision-making power of the human brain by using large data sets. It
does not need human intervention.
AI > ML > DL

37. Data Science allows the system to collect numerous data, maintains
data sets and derives meaning or sense out of them.
e.g. - Price Comparison Websites like PriceGrabber, Price Runner

Computer Vision enables a machine to get and analyse visual

information from images, videos etc. and predicts or decides.
e.g. Self driving cars, Face lock

38. Rule based AI Learning based AI

i. Static model i. Dynamic model
ii. Lacks Adaptability - Does ii. Adaptable - Evolves
not incorporate changes in according to changing
data data
iii. May have bias or iii. Can overcome complex
ambiguity situations by learning
iv. Easy to implement iv. Difficult to implement
v. Development time is less v. Development is time
taking
vi. Cheaper vi. Expensive
39.
Regression Regression is a Supervised Learning model that predicts
based on the continuous labelled data sets.
e.g. Predicting future score, price, salary, age, etc

Classification Classification is a Supervised Learning model that

accepts discrete data sets and divides them into different classes based
on some parameters.

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 e.g. Filtering Boys/Girls, Healthy/Sick, Marking Spam emails etc.

40. Classification Clustering

i. Supervised Learning i. Unsupervised Learning
Model model
ii. Labelled Datasets ii. Unlabelled Data sets
iii. Group instances as per iii. Group instances as per
labels similarity of data
iv. Verify model with iv. No need of Training and
Training and Testing Data Testing Data
v. Not flexible No. of v. Flexible No. of classes
classes are fixed. depends on variety of data
vi. Complex as many levels vi. Simple as only grouping is
of classification phase done.

_________

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 UNIT-2: DATA LITERACY

SECTION I-Gist of the chapter

Data: It is a collection of raw facts and figures.
Data Pyramid:

Basics of Data Literacy -Data literacy means knowing how to understand, work
with, and talks about data. It's about being able to collect, analyze, and show data
in ways that make sense.
Data Literacy

Ability to read,
Raw facts or
comprehend and
information
communicate.

Data Literacy is the ability to

understand, interpret and communicate
with data.

Data literacy is essential because it enables individuals to make informed

decisions, think critically, solve problems, and innovate.

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 Data Literate is a person who can interact with data to understand the world
around them. E.g. Data Literacy helps people research about products while
shopping over the internet and decide which is the cheapest product, most liked
product and whether particular product meet all requirements.
Data Literacy Process Framework

Data Security and Privacy

Data Privacy-It referred to as information privacy is concerned with the proper
handling of sensitive data including personal data and other confidential data, such
as certain financial data and intellectual property data, to meet regulatory
requirements as well as protecting the confidentiality and immutability of the data.
Data Security-It is the practice of protecting digital information from unauthorized
access, corruption, or theft throughout its entire lifecycle.
Potential risks associated with data breaches and unauthorized access
Due to the rising amount of data in the cloud there is an increased risk of cyber
threats. Hence, we should control and protect the transfer of sensitive or personal
information at every known place. The most possible reasons why data security is
more important now are:
-attacks affect all the people
-technological changes will boom cyber attacks
Cyber security involves protecting computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic
systems, networks, and data from harmful attacks.

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 -Factor Authentication (2FA) for added security.

tings for limited visibility to close contacts.

-Fi networks.

l info like real name or phone number.

d security questions private.

Acquiring Data, Processing, and Interpreting Data

Data can be acquired through various online sources, interview, questionnaire,
surveys etc
Types of data:

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 Numeric Data is further classified as:
Continuous data is numeric data that is continuous. e.g., height, weight,
temperature, voltage
Discrete data is numeric data that contains only whole numbers and cannot
be fractional e.g. the number of students in the class it can only be a whole
number, not in decimals
Types of Data used in three domains of AI:
Computer Vision-Visual data like images and videos
Natural Language Processing-Textual data like document and pdf files
Data Science-Numeric data like tables and excel sheets
Data Acquisition/ Acquiring Data
Data Acquisition, also known as acquiring data, refers to the procedure of
gathering data. This involves searching for datasets suitable for training AI
models. The process typically comprises three key steps:
1. Data Discovery- searching for new datasets
2. Data Augmentation-adding more data to the existing data by slight change of
existing data
3. Data Generation-generating data if data is not available.
Sources of Data:
Primary Data sources: surveys, interviews, experiments etc
Secondary Data sources: External data sources like Kaggle, Google, .gov
datasets etc.
Best practices for Acquiring data:

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 1. Good Data: well structured, accurate, consistent, presentable and relevant.
2. Web Scraping: collecting data from websites with permission.
3. Unbiased: Avoiding any preferences or partiality in data.
4.
data
5. Transparency: without hiding intentions
6. Anonymity: protecting the identity of the person as source of data
7. Accountability: Taking responsibility for actions related to data

Features of Data and Data Preprocessing

Data features are the characteristics or properties of the data. e.g. in student

like colors in image, height and width etc.

For AI models there are two types of features:
1. Independent features: It include the information or input we provide to make
predictions
2. Dependent features: It includes the output or result of the model, that we are
trying to predict.
Usability of data depends upon the structure of data, cleanliness of data and its
accuracy.

Data Processing and Data Interpretation

Data Processing: Operating on raw data to produce meaningful information using
computers.
Data Interpretation: Analyzing data using com to arrive at meaningful decisions.
Methods of Data Interpretation:
There are two methods of Data Interpretation
1. Quantitative Data Interpretation: Interviews, Polls, Observations,
Longitudinal studies, survey
2. Qualitative Data Interpretation: Record keeping, Observation, case studies,
Focus groups, Longitudinal studies, One to one interview
Types of Data Interpretation:

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 There are three ways in which data can be presented:
1. Textual DI: The data is in textual form, usually in paragraph suitable for small
data which can be easily comprehended by reading but unfit for large data.
2. Tabular DI: Data is represented systematically in rows and columns where
columns headings contain the description of information contained in columns.
3. Graphical DI: Data is represented using Bar graph, Pie chart and Line graph etc
Importance of Data Interpretation:
1. Informed decision making
2. Reduced cost
3. Identification of needs

Project Interactive Data Dashboard & Presentation

Data can be collected and can be visualized using visual data analytics platform
like tableau or MS Excel or Datawrapper using which graphs or chart can be
prepared on the basis of collected data which aids in decision making like which
is the highest yield grain in India among wheat, rice, jowar, barley etc.

SECTION II-QUESTION BANK

Sno. 1 Mark Questions
1. What is the meaning of Data?
Information
b) Arranged figures
c) Raw facts
d) processed information
2. Which is the highest form of data as per the Data Pyramid?
Data
Wisdom
Information
Knowledge
3. Downloading an unverified mobile application leads to the issue of:
Data privacy
Data Literacy
Both
None

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4. Data security is the practice of protecting digital information from:
a) unauthorized access
b) corruption
c) theft
d)all of the above
5. What is not a good practice for cyber security?
a) Activate Two Factor Authentication
b) Sending pictures to strangers or post them on social media.
c)Download software from trusted source
d)prioritize websites with https:// for secure logins
6. The framework which provides guidance on using data efficiently and
with all levels of awareness.
Data security framework
Data literacy framework
Data Privacy framework
Data acquisition framework
7. Height, weight, temperature, voltage are examples of :
Discrete data
Continuous data
None
Both
8. Which domain makes the use of Numeric data like tables, excel sheets etc.
a) NLP
b) Computer Vision
c) Data Science
d)All
9. Adding more data to the existing data by slight change of existing data is
called as:
a) Data discovery
b) Data Augmentation
c) Data Generation
d)None

10. The process of collecting data from websites is called

a) Web screening
b) Web scraping
c)Web browsing
d) Web surfing
11. Analyzing data to arrive at meaningful decisions is termed as
a) Data Processing
b) Data Literacy

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 c)Data privacy
d)Data Interpretation
12. Pie charts, Bar graphs, Line graphs are examples of
a) Textual Data Interpretation
b) Graphical Data Interpretation
c)Tabular Data Interpretation
d) None
13. What is not the advantage of Data interpretation
a) Informed decision making
b) Reduced cost
c)Identification of needs
d) Record keeping
14. Name some graphs which can be used as a tool for Data visualization?

15. Name the missing element?

16. Measuring temperature is qualitative or quantitative?

17. Name the following chart prepared using Tableau software?

a)Bar chart
b)Pie chart
c)Histogram

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 d)Packed Bubble chart

18. Out of a) and b) which is considered as accurate data?

a) b)
19. Quantitative data is numerical in nature. State True or False.
20. Tableau software is tool for
a)Data Acquisition
b)Data Exploration
c)Data Visualization
d)None

S.No 2 Mark questions

1. What is Data Literacy?
2. Who is a Data Literate?
3. What is Data Privacy?
4. What is Data security?
5. Name the stages of Data Literacy Process Framework.
6. Write any two best practices which can be adopted for cyber security.
7. Differentiate between discrete data and continuous data with examples.
8. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative Data Interpretation.
9. Explain the term Data Discovery.
10. Explain the term Data Augmentation.
11. Explain the term sample Data Generation.
12. Differentiate between independent and dependent features of data.
13. Explain the term Data processing and Data Interpretation.
14. What are the features of Good Data?
15. Name some different types of charts which can be used for Graphical Data
Interpretation.
S.no. 4 mark questions
1. Explain the types of Data?
2. Explain the process of Data Acquisition.
3. Explain the different features of data.
4. Explain the types of Data Interpretation.
5. Explain about any one Data Visualization tool and how it aids in analysis of
data.
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 Answers of Question Bank
Sno. Answers of 1mark questions
1. Raw facts
2. Wisdom
3. Data Privacy
4. All of the above
5. Sending pictures to strangers or post them on social media.
6. Data Literacy framework
7. Continuous data
8. Data Science
9. Data Augmentation
10. Web scraping
11. Data Interpretation
12. Graphical Data Interpretation1
13. Record keeping
14. Bar graph, Line graph, Histogram, Pie chart etc
15. Interpret
16. Quantitative
17. Packed Bubble Chart
18. (b)
19. True
20. Data Visualization

S.No. Answers of 2 marks questions

1. Data literacy means knowing how to understand, work with, and talks
about data. It's about being able to collect, analyze, and show data in ways
that make sense. Data literacy is the ability to understand, interpret and
communicate with data.
2. Data Literate is a person who can interact with data to understand the
world around them. E.g. if a person needs to buy a product online, he/she
will look for specific features as per his/her requirement, make use of price
filters and look for user ratings and review with respect to that product.
3. Data privacy referred to as information privacy is concerned with the
proper handling of sensitive data including personal data and other
confidential data, such as certain financial data and intellectual property
data, to meet regulatory requirements as well as protecting the
confidentiality and immutability of the data. E.g. agree to terms and
conditions without reading, while downloading an app in the mobile may
leads to data privacy issue.

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 4. Data security is the practice of protecting digital information from
unauthorized access, corruption, or theft throughout its entire lifecycle.
Due to cyber-attacks and fast technological changes, data security became
very important concern.
5.

6. a) Use strong, unique passwords with a mix of characters for each account.
b) Activate Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for added security.
c) Download software from trusted sources and scan files before opening.
d) Prioritize websites with "https://" for secure logins.
7. Continuous data is numeric data that is continuous. E.g., height, weight,
temperature, voltage
Discrete data is numeric data that contains only whole numbers and
cannot be fractional E.g. the number of students in the class it can only
be a whole number, not in decimals
8. Qualitative Data Interpretation Quantitative Data
1. Categorical Interpretation
2. Provides insights into feelings 1. Numerical
and emotions 2. Provides insights into quantity
3. Answers how and why
3. Answers when, how many or
4. Methods Interviews, Focus how often
Groups 4. Methods Assessment, Tests,
5. Example question Why do Polls, Surveys
students like attending online 5. Example question How many
classes? students like attending online
classes?
9. Data discovery-It refers to searching of a new database e.g. for making a
CV model for self-driving cars, collection of pictures of roads and objects
on roads etc. is called as Data discovery.
10. Data Augmentation-It means increasing the amount of data by adding
copes of existing data with small . adding parameters like color
and brightness to the existing image.
11. Data Generation-It refers to generating or recording data using sensors.
E.g. recording temperature of a building is an example of Data generation.
12. Independent features are the input to the model which consists of the
information we provide to make predictions.
Dependent features are the outputs or results of the model that we are
trying to predict.

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 e.g. In a google map application, we input current location and destination
location and in turns application shows us the route, distance and time to
be taken on the basis of destination and current location entered.
Here current location, destination location are independent features given
as input to the application
And route to the destination, distance to the destination and time taken will
be dependent features which we want through the application.
13. Data processing: Data processing helps computers understand raw data. It
uses computers to perform different operations on data.
Data Interpretation: It is the process of making sense out of data that has
been processed. The interpretation of data helps us answer critical
questions using data.
14. Good Data is accurate, consistent, well-structured and cleanly presented
and contains information which is relevant to our requirement.
15. Following types of graphs are used for Graphical Data Interpretation
Bar Graph: data is represented using vertical and horizontal bars.
Pie Charts: It has the shape of a pie and each slice of the pie represents
the portion of the entire pie allocated to each category.
Line Graphs: It is created by connecting various data points. It shows the
change in quantity over time.

S.No. Answers of 4 marks questions

1. Artificial Intelligence is crucial, with data serving as its foundation. We
come across different types of information every day. Some common types
of data include:

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 Numeric Data is further classified as:

Continuous data is numeric data that is continuous. E.g., height, weight,

temperature, voltage
Discrete data is numeric data that contains only whole numbers and
cannot be fractional E.g. the number of students in the class it can only
be a whole number, not in decimal
Types of Data used in three domains of AI:
CV domain collects visual data like images, videos
NLP domain collects Textual data like documents, pdf files etc.
Data Science collects numeric data like data from tables, excel sheets etc.

2. Data Acquisition, also known as acquiring data, refers to the procedure of

gathering data. This involves searching for datasets suitable for training AI
models. The process typically comprises three key steps

Acquiring Data Sample Data Discovery: E.g. If we want to collect

data for making a CV model for a self-driving car, we will require pictures
of roads and the objects on roads. We can search and download this data
from the internet. This process is called data discovery

Acquiring Data Sample Data Augmentation: Data augmentation

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 means increasing the amount of data by adding copies of existing data with
small changes. The image given here does not change, but we get data on
the image by changing different parameters like color and brightness. New
data is added by slightly changing the existing data

Acquiring Data Sample Data Generation: Data generation refers to

generating or recording data using sensors. Recording temperature
readings of a building is an example of data generation. Recorded data is
stored in a computer in a suitable form
Sources of Data
Various Sources for Acquiring Data:
Primary Data Sources Some of the sources for primary data include
surveys, interviews, experiments, etc. The data generated from the
experiment is an example of primary data.
Secondary Data Sources Secondary data collection obtains information
from external sources, rather than generating it personally. Some sources
for secondary data collection include: google search, .gov datasets, Kaggle
etc.

3. Data usability depends on following factors:

1. Structure-It defines how data is stored. Data stored in tabular
format is more structured compared to data stored in text document.
2. Cleanliness- Clean data is free from duplicates, missing values,
outliers and other anomalies that may affect its reliability and
usefulness for analysis.
3. Accuracy-It indicates how well the data matches real world values,
ensuring reliability. Accurate data closely reflects actual values
without errors, enhancing the quality and trustworthiness of the
dataset.

Features of Data
Data features are the characteristics or properties of the data. They
describe each piece of information in a dataset. For example, in a table of
student records, features could include things like the student's name, age,
or grade. In a photo dataset, features might be the colors present in each
image. These features help us understand and analyze the data.

In AI models, we need two types of features:

Independent and Dependent.
Independent features are the input to the model they're the information
we provide to make predictions.

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 Dependent features, on the other hand, are the outputs or results of the
model they're what we're trying to predict.

Here whatever input given is Independent feature of the data

And whatever output we get is Dependent feature of the data.

4. Types of Data Interpretation:

There are three ways in which data can be presented:

Textual DI

ed by
reading.
Textual presentation is not suitable for large data.

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 Tabular DI
Data is represented systematically in the form of rows and columns.
Title of the Table (Item of Expenditure) contains the description of the
table content.
Column Headings (Year; Salary; Fuel and Transport; Bonus; Interest on
Loans; Taxes) contains the description of information contained in
columns

Graphical DI
Bar Graphs- In a Bar Graph, data is represented using vertical and
horizontal bars.

Pie Charts
Pie Charts have the shape of a pie and each slice of the pie represents the
portion of the entire pie allocated to each category
It is a circular chart divided into various sections (think of a cake cut into
slices)
Each section of the pie chart is proportional to the corresponding value

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 Line Graphs
A line graph is
created by
connecting various
data points.
It shows the
change in quantity
over time.

5. Data Visualization using Tableau

Students in a class

Instructions:
a grid with 4 columns as shown.

present, No. of students absent

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 ualize

class.

number of students present.

u makes it faster and easier for us to present data

Instructions
Download Tableau public with the help of an adult using this link -
https://public.tableau.com/en-us/s/download
ackage via the install wizard.
Once installed, double click the program to open the Tableau Public
Desktop application.

Once opened, this is what we see

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 Now we are ready to pull the data
Make sure that data is filled in the Excel to be used.

To pull in the data, click on Microsoft Excel in the top left corner.

Now drag the sheet with your data to Drag tables here section.

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 First, let's recreate the bar chart we made to visualize the number of
students present in each class
Click Sheet1 in the bottom left corner of the screen

Hover over the term No. of students present. We will notice a blue oval
appear behind it.

word Rows when a little orange arrow appears.

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 Tableau made us a bar graph!

What if you want to make each bar a different colour?

Colour.

Tableau coloured

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 First, we'll start by duplicating our current bar chart sheet.
This will create an exact copy in a new sheet.
You'll do this by right clicking "Sheet 1" and selecting "Duplicate".

We will see all of the different types of visualizations that Tableau can

Tableau quickly transformed our bar chart to a chart of bubbles.

Class V has maximum No. of students present because it is the biggest
circle.

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 We can make the text a little more fun and easier to read.
To do that, click the label square.

This opens up a box that allows us to change the font and text size.

We have our complete bubble chart now!

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 Useful Videos to watch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLCzpPRCc7U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_M8BnosAD78

Note: You may also use Ms Excel or Data wrapper

(https://www.datawrapper.de/) for the data visualization instead of
Tableau.

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 UNIT-3: Math for AI (Statistics & Probability)

How are Math and AI related?

Math is the study of patterns
To solve the puzzles, you identify an order/arrangement in the list of numbers or
the images.
This arrangement is called a pattern.
These patterns exist all around us.
We have patterns in numbers, images, and language.

Ask learners if they can identify any patterns around themselves.

AI is a way to recognize patterns

AI can learn to recognize patterns, like human beings.
AI can see patterns in different types of data - numbers, images, and speech
and text.
Say like we can recognize patterns in numbers, words, pictures,
etc., AI can also

Hence,
Math is the study of patterns
AI is a way to recognize patterns in order to take decisions
AI needs Math to study and recognize patterns in order to take decisions
Can you identify any pattern in the image given below?

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 Understanding math will help us to better understand AI and its way of
working, but what kind of math is needed for AI?
Let us take a look!
Essential Mathematics for AI

think and answer the following questions:

11, 22, 33, 44, 55 Can you find out the middle value from the given
numbers?

A has 2 plants, B has 3 plants, C has 1 plant, D has 7 plants. How many
plants are there in total?

AI uses Math for:

Statistics (Exploring data): Example What is the middle value

of the data? Which is the most common value in the data?
Calculus (training and improving AI model): Example which
line is more slanted? Which figure covers more area?
Linear Algebra (finding out unknown or missing values):
Example How many plants are there in total? How many cars are
there in a city?
Probability (predicting different events): Example what will
be the possible results of a coin toss? Will it rain tomorrow?
Statistics

Ask learners to answer some or all of these questions as an assignment. Meanwhile,

take dummy numbers and walk the learners through the questions.
Can you find out the total weight of your family members?
Can you find out the total number of students in your school?
Can you find out the maximum temperature in your city during the last month?

Definition of Statistics Statistics is used for collecting, exploring, and analyzing

the data. It also helps
in drawing conclusions from
Data is collected from various sources.
Data is explored and cleaned to be used.
KVS ZIET MYSORE 110
 Analysis of data is done to understand it better.
Conclusions and decisions can be made from the data.

Applications of Statistics:

Predict the performance of sports teams

It can be used to find out specific things such as:
o the reading level of students
o the opinions of voters
o the average weight of a resident
o Probability
Purpose: To understand the possibility of occurrence of an event.

Introduction to probability

Probability is a way to tell us how likely something is to happen. For example

When a coin is tossed, there are two possible results or outcomes:
heads (H) or tails (T) The probability equation defines the likelihood of the happening
of an event. It is the ratio of favorable outcomes to the total favorable outcomes. The
probability formula can be expressed as,

Probability of an Event =
Number of Favorable Outcomes / Total Number of Possible Outcomes
We say that the probability of the coin landing H is ½ and the probability
of the coin landing T is ½ When we talk about probability, we use a few
terms that help us understand the chances for something to happen.
Probability can be expressed in the following ways:
Certain events: An event will happen without a doubt
Likely events: The probability of one event is higher than the probability of
another event
Unlikely events: One event is less likely to happen than another event
Impossible events: There's no chance of an event happening
Equal Probability events: Chances of each event happening is same
The probability of an event occurring is somewhere between impossible and
certain.
If an event is certain or sure to happen, it will have a probability of 1.

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 For example, the probability that it will rain in the state of Florida at least once in a
specific year is 1.
If an event will never happen or is impossible, it will have a probability of 0.
For example, the probability that you can pick a red ball from a bag containing only
blue balls is 0.

1-mark questions
1) What is the probability of an impossible event?
a) 1
b) 0
c) Insufficient data
d) Not defined
Ans: b) 0
2) What does probability mean?
a) The total number of possible outcomes in an event
b) The ratio of favourable outcomes to all outcomes
c) The chance of an event happening
d) How certain an event will occur
Ans. b)
3) What is the probability of getting an even number when a dice is thrown?
a) 1/6
b) ½
c) 1/3
d) ¼
Ans: b) ½
4) If we throw two dice simultaneously, what would be the probability that we get a
10 or 11?
a) 5/36
b) 5/12
c) 1/7
d) 1/3
Ans: a. 5/36
5) If P (E) = 0.30, then the probability of event E not occurring will be
a) 0.30
b) 0.70

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 c) 0.50
d) 0.60
Ans: 6.
6) A batsman hits boundary for 5 times out of 40 balls. Find out the probability that
he did not hit the boundaries.
a) 1/5
b) 7/8
c) 2/5
d) 1/8
Ans: b. 7/8
7) Find the median of data: 155,160,145,149,150,147,152,144,148:
a) 149
b) 150
c) 147
d) 144
Ans: a. 149
8) 8. Which two are examples of descriptive statistics?
a) median and correlation
b) mean and standard deviation
c) mode and regression analysis
d) variance and hypothesis testing
Ans: b.
9) Solve for x in the equation 3x+5=20
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Ans: c. 5
10) What is the probability of getting a king or ace from the deck of 52 cards?
a) 1/26
b) 2/13
c) 3/26
d) 1/52
Ans: b. 2/13
11) Find the mode of the call received on 7 consecutive day 11,13,13,17,19,23,25
a) 11

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 b) 13
c) 17
d) 23
Ans: b. 13
12) The most frequently occurring value in a data set is called the:
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Range
Ans: c. Mode
13)
a) 4x - 2
b) 4x - 8
c) x - 8
d) 4x + 8
Ans: B.
14) A coin is tossed once. What is the probability of getting heads?
a) 0.0
b) 0.25
c) 0.5
d) 1.0
Ans: c. 0.5
15) In a class of 30 students, 18 are girls. What is the probability of selecting a girl?
a) 0.50
b) 0.60
c) 0.40
d) 0.33
Ans: B. 0.6
16) What is the probability of rolling an even number on a six-sided die?
a) 0.16
b) 0.33
c) 0.50
d) 0.66
Ans: c. 0.5
17) What is the mean of the data set {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}?
a) 10

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 b) 11
c) 10.5
d) 11.5
Ans: C. 10.5
18) A bag contains 7 black, 2 white, and 6 green balls. What is the probability of
drawing a green ball?
a) 0.20
b) 0.30
c) 0.40
d) 0.50
Ans: C. 0.40
19) In a class of 25 students, 10 students wear glasses. What is the probability that a
randomly selected student wears glass?
a) 0.20
b) 0.30
c) 0.40
d) 0.50
Ans: C. 0.40
20) What is the range of the data set {16, 20, 24, 28, 32}?
a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 16
Ans: D. 16

2-mark question

1. A bag contains 5 red balls, 3 blue balls, and 2 green balls. A ball is drawn at
random. Calculate the probability of drawing a blue ball.
2. Two dice are rolled. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers on the dice is
7.
3. A box contains 4 red marbles, 5 blue marbles, and 3 green marbles. Two marbles
are drawn at random without replacement. Calculate the probability that both
marbles are blue.

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4. In a game, a spinner with 6 equal sections (numbered 1 to 6) is spun twice. Find the
probability that the sum of the numbers spun is less than 7.
5. A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card
drawn is a face card (jack, queen, or king).

7. The heights (in cm) of students in a class are recorded as follows: 160, 165, 170,
155, 175. Calculate the mean height.
8. The following data represents the number of siblings of students in a class: 0, 1, 2,
3, 4. Find the median number of siblings.
9. The scores of 10 students in a test are: 85, 78, 92, 70, 88, 75, 82, 90, 79, 84.
Calculate the mode of the scores.
10.The weights (in kg) of 8 students are: 55, 60, 65, 70, 55, 75, 60, 65. Find the range
of the weights.
11.The ages (in years) of 12 students are: 14, 15, 16, 14, 17, 15, 16, 15, 14, 17, 16, 15.
Calculate the standard deviation of the ages.
12.A survey of students' favourite sports yielded the following results: football 25%,
basketball 30%, soccer 20%, and tennis 25%. Calculate the probability that a
randomly selected student prefers basketball or tennis.
13.The number of cars passing through a toll booth in 10 minutes is recorded as
follows: 28, 32, 25, 30, 35, 27, 29, 31, 33, 26. Calculate the mean number of cars
passing through the toll booth per minute.
14.The time (in minutes) taken by 15 students to complete a test are: 40, 45, 50, 35,
55, 40, 42, 48, 38, 52, 46, 44, 50, 47, 41. Find the median time taken to complete
the test.
15.The scores (out of 50) of 20 students in a quiz are: 42, 35, 48, 40, 36, 45, 50, 38, 44,
47, 39, 42, 43, 41, 37, 49, 46, 34, 43, 40. Calculate the interquartile range (IQR) of
the scores.
16.The number of hours students spend on homework per week is recorded as follows:
5, 8, 6, 7, 9, 4, 10, 7, 6, 5. Calculate the variance of the number of hours spent on
homework per week.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 116

 4 marks question

1. A bag contains 3 red balls, 4 blue balls, and 5 green balls. If a ball is drawn at
random from the bag, what is the probability that it is not blue?
2. The heights (in cm) of students in a class are recorded as follows: 160, 165, 170,
155, 175. Calculate the median height.
3. A fair six-sided die is rolled. What is the probability of rolling a number less than
4?
4. The following data represents the ages (in years) of students in a class: 14, 15, 16,
14, 17, 15, 16, 15, 14, 17, 16, 15. Calculate the mode of the ages.
5. Two cards are drawn at random without replacement from a deck of 52 cards. What
is the probability that the first card drawn is a heart and the second card drawn is a
diamond?

Answers/ Solutions
2- mark question

1. A bag contains 5 red balls, 3 blue balls, and 2 green balls. A ball is drawn at
random. Calculate the probability of drawing a blue ball.
A: 3/10
2. Two dice are rolled. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers on the dice is
7.
A: 1/6
3. A box contains 4 red marbles, 5 blue marbles, and 3 green marbles. Two marbles are
drawn at random without replacement. Calculate the probability that both marbles
are blue.
A: 5/33
4. In a game, a spinner with 6 equal sections (numbered 1 to 6) is spun twice. Find the
probability that the sum of the numbers spun is less than 7.
A: 5/12
5. A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card
drawn is a face card (jack, queen, or king).
A: 12/52
6. The heights (in cm) of students in a class are recorded as follows: 160, 165, 170,
155, 175. Calculate the mean height.
A: 165
7. The following data represents the number of siblings of students in a class: 0, 1, 2, 3,
4. Find the median number of siblings.
A: 2

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8. The scores of 10 students in a test are: 85, 78, 92, 70, 88, 75, 82, 90, 79, 84.
Calculate the mode of the scores.
A: Since all numbers appear with the same frequency (once), there is no mode for
this data set.
9. The weights (in kg) of 8 students are: 55, 60, 65, 70, 55, 75, 60, 65. Find the range
of the weights.
A: 20 Kgs
10.The ages (in years) of 12 students are: 14, 15, 16, 14, 17, 15, 16, 15, 14, 17, 16, 15.
Calculate the standard deviation of the ages.
A: approximately 1.22471.22471.2247
11.A survey of students' favourite sports yielded the following results: football 25%,
basketball 30%, soccer 20%, and tennis 25%. Calculate the probability that a
randomly selected student prefers basketball or tennis.
A: 55/100
12.The number of cars passing through a toll booth in 10 minutes is recorded as
follows: 28, 32, 25, 30, 35, 27, 29, 31, 33, 26. Calculate the mean number of cars
passing through the toll booth per minute.
A: 29.6
13.The time (in minutes) taken by 15 students to complete a test are: 40, 45, 50, 35,
55, 40, 42, 48, 38, 52, 46, 44, 50, 47, 41. Find the median time taken to complete
the test.
A: 45
14.The scores (out of 50) of 20 students in a quiz are: 42, 35, 48, 40, 36, 45, 50, 38, 44,
47, 39, 42, 43, 41, 37, 49, 46, 34, 43, 40. Calculate the interquartile range (IQR) of
the scores.
A: IQR=Q3 Q1=45.5 38.5=7
15.The number of hours students spend on homework per week is recorded as follows:
5, 8, 6, 7, 9, 4, 10, 7, 6, 5. Calculate the variance of the number of hours spent on
homework per week.
A: Variance = 4.83

4 marks question

1. A bag contains 3 red balls, 4 blue balls, and 5 green balls. If a ball is drawn at
random from the bag, what is the probability that it is not blue?
A: the probability that a ball drawn is not blue is 2/3
2. The heights (in cm) of students in a class are recorded as follows: 160, 165, 170,
155, 175. Calculate the median height.
A: 165
3. A fair six-sided die is rolled. What is the probability of rolling a number less than
4?

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 A: the probability of rolling a number less than 4 is 1/2
4. The following data represents the ages (in years) of students in a class: 14, 15, 16,
14, 17, 15, 16, 15, 14, 17, 16, 15. Calculate the mode of the ages.
A: Since 15 appears most frequently, the mode of the data set is 15.
5. Two cards are drawn at random without replacement from a deck of 52 cards. What
is the probability that the first card drawn is a heart and the second card drawn is a
diamond?
A: the probability that the first card drawn is a heart and the second card drawn is a
diamond is13/204.

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 UNIT-4: Generative Artificial Intelligence

Introduction to Generative AI

What is Generative AI?

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the algorithms that generate new
data that resembles human-generated content, such as audio, code, images, text,
simulations, and videos.
This technology is trained with existing data and content, creating the potential for
applications such as natural language processing, computer vision, the metaverse,
and speech synthesis.

Generative AI vs Conventional AI
In contrast to other forms of AI, Generative AI is specially made to produce new and
unique content rather than merely processing or categorizing already-existing data.
Here are some significant variations:

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Types of Generative AI

Generative AI comes in a variety of forms, each with unique advantages and uses.
Some of the most typical varieties are listed below:
1. Text Generation:
Language Models: These generate coherent text based on prompts. Examples
include OpenAI's GPT-3 and GPT-4, Google's BERT, and T5.
Chatbots: AI designed to simulate conversation with users. Examples include
OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google's Meena.
2. Image Generation:
GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks): These generate realistic images from
random noise. Examples include StyleGAN and BigGAN.
VAEs (Variational Autoencoders): These generate images by learning the
distribution of input data.
Diffusion Models: These iteratively refine noise to generate images, such as DALL-
E 2 and Stable Diffusion.
3. Audio Generation:
Music Generation: AI that composes music. Examples include OpenAI's MuseNet
and Jukedeck.
Speech Synthesis: Converts text to natural-sounding speech. Examples include
Google WaveNet and Amazon Polly.
4. Video Generation: DeepFakes: AI-generated videos that can superimpose faces.
Examples include DeepFaceLab and FaceApp.
Generative Video Models: AI that creates new video content. Examples include VQ-
VAE and MoCoGAN.
5. 3D Object Generation:
3D GANs: Generate three-dimensional objects. Examples include 3D-GAN and
PointNet.
6. Code Generation:
AI Code Assistants: These generate or autocomplete code. Examples include GitHub
Copilot and OpenAI Codex.

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Benefits of using Generative AI

Limitations of Using Generative AI

Ethical Concerns: The creation and spread of fake content, such as deep fake
videos, fake news articles, and forged documents, by generative AI can deceive and
manipulate people, leading to misinformation, identity theft, and privacy breaches.
Robust regulations and ethical guidelines are needed to address these issues.
Bias and Fairness: Generative AI models can inherit biases from their training data,
resulting in discriminatory outcomes and perpetuating biases against certain groups.
Developers need to actively work on mitigating bias to ensure fairness and equity in
AI systems.

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 Data Dependency: These models require vast amounts of data to generate content
effectively. They struggle in situations with scarce or unrepresentative data, limiting
their usefulness in niche domains.
Energy Consumption: Training large generative AI models demands significant
energy and computing resources, raising concerns about the environmental impact and
sustainability of AI, particularly in data centers. Researchers are striving to develop
more energy-efficient AI models, but this remains a significant limitation.
Cost of Development: The development and training of generative AI models can
be extremely expensive, requiring access to high-quality data, powerful hardware, and
expertise in machine learning. This creates a digital divide, limiting the
democratization of AI technology.
Ethical considerations of using Generative AI

The Potential Negative Impact on Society

Generative AI can be used to create fake news or deep fakes that can spread
misinformation and manipulate public opinion.
Lead to job displacement for humans who previously performed these tasks.

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 Generative AI has the potential to generate sensitive personal information, such as
social security numbers or medical records, which could be used for malicious
purposes.
Responsible Use of Generative AI
Ensuring that the training data used are diverse and representative.
The outputs are scrutinized for bias and misinformation.
Prioritizing user privacy and consent,
Having clear guidelines around ownership and attribution of generative content.
Engaging in public discussions around the social and ethical implications of this
technology to ensure that it is developed and used in ways that are beneficial to
society.

1 Mark questions
1 What is Generative AI? 1
a) An AI that analyzes data
b)An AI that generates new data
c)An AI that only classifies data
d)An AI that only processes existing data
2 Which of the following is an example of a generative model? 1
a)Decision Trees
b)Support Vector Machines
c)Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
d)Random Forest
3 What is the primary purpose of Generative Adversarial Networks 1
(GANs)?
a)To minimize the error in classification tasks
b)To predict the next word in a sequence
c)To generate new, synthetic instances of data that resemble a training set
d)To perform clustering of data points
4 Which of the following applications can be powered by generative AI? 1
a)Image synthesis
b)Music composition
c)Text generation
d)All of the above
5 What is Conventional AI primarily used for? 1
a)Generating new and unique data
b)Analyzing and making decisions based on existing data
c)Creating art and music
d)Developing video games
6 Which of the following is a characteristic of Generative AI? 1

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 a)It can only classify data
b)It generates new data similar to the data it was trained on
c)It cannot learn from data
d)It is used for numerical calculations only
7 Which AI technology would you use to create a new image based on 1
existing images?
a)Conventional AI
b)Generative AI
c)Spreadsheet software
d)Database management systems
8 Which of the following is an example of Conventional AI? 1
a)Image generation
b)Natural language processing for chatbots
c)Creating realistic videos
d)Developing new music compositions
9 Which type of AI would be most suitable for creating a new song in the 1
style of a famous musician?
a)Conventional AI
b)Generative AI
c)Statistical analysis software
d)Search engine algorithms
10 What is the main goal of Conventional AI systems? 1
a)To generate realistic images
b)To solve specific problems using existing data
c)To create new languages
d)To invent new scientific theories
11 What is a key difference between Generative AI and Conventional AI? 1
a)Generative AI cannot learn from data, while Conventional AI can
b)Generative AI creates new data, while Conventional AI analyzes
existing data
c) Conventional AI generates new data, while Generative AI only
analyzes data
d)There is no difference; they are the same
12 Which of the following is a task that Conventional AI can perform? 1
a)Creating new pieces of art
b)Diagnosing diseases from medical images
c)Writing novels
d)Generating new human faces
13 What does Generative AI typically use to create new data? 1
a)Random number generation
b)Mathematical calculations

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 c)Patterns learned from training data
d)Predefined templates
14 Which application is known for using generative AI to produce text 1
similar to human writing?
a)Google Translate
b)OpenAI's GPT-3
c)Netflix recommendation system
d)Microsoft Excel
15 Which generative AI model can be used to generate new video game 1
levels?
a)GANs
b)RNNs
c)CNNs
d)KNNs
16 Which of the following is an example of generative AI in natural 1
language processing?
a)IBM Watson
b)OpenAI's ChatGPT
c)Amazon Alexa
d)Google Maps
17 What is a primary advantage of using generative AI in art and design? 1
a)It can replace human artists entirely
b)It allows for quick creation of unique artworks
c)It restricts creativity
d)It only works with traditional media
18 What is a significant challenge faced by generative AI in creating 1
realistic images and videos?
a)It requires extensive computational power
b)It cannot generate images at all
c)It only works with text data
d)It restricts creativity
19 Which of the following is a concern regarding the ethical use of 1
generative AI?
a)It promotes fair decision-making processes
b)It ensures data privacy and security
c)It raises issues of copyright infringement and misuse
d)It decreases reliance on human labour

20 Which ethical issue is associated with bias and fairness in generative AI 1

algorithms?
a)It ensures equal access to resources for everyone

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 b)It perpetuates societal biases present in training data
c)It limits the scope of AI applications
d)It improves decision-making processes
2 Marks questions
1 Compare and contrast Generative AI and Conventional AI, providing 2
examples of each.
2 What are the ethical considerations surrounding the use of generative 2
AI.
3 Describe one limitation of generative AI in the context of creating 2
realistic images or videos
4 How does generative AI contribute to personalized content 2
recommendation systems in entertainment platforms?
5 What do you understand about generative AI? 2
6 Give a few examples of generative AI. 2
7 What do you know about Deep Fake? 2
8 Explain the role of the 'Discriminator' in a Generative Adversarial 2
Network (GAN) and its importance in generating realistic data.
9 What is GAN? 2
10 What are the benefits of Generative AI? 2
11 What are the limitations of using Generative AI? 2
12 What are the negative Impacts of generative AI on Society 2
13 Write any two AI tools each for the following- 2

14 Name two popular generative AI frameworks or libraries used in 2

machine learning.
15 What is the purpose of generator in a Generative Adversarial Network? 2
4 Marks questions
1 Considering the ethical challenges associated with generative AI, what 4
are your thoughts on establishing guidelines or regulations to ensure
responsible use of these technologies? How can we balance the
potential benefits and risks?
2 How do you think generative AI can revolutionize the creative industry, 4
such as art and fashion, by enabling the generation of unique and
innovative designs?
3 What is the difference between supervised learning and generative AI? 4
Provide examples of each
4 Explain the benefits and limitations of using generative AI. 4
5 Discuss the potential impact of generative AI on the job market and 4
workforce dynamics, considering both positive and negative aspects.

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 ANSWERS
1 mark
1 b) An AI that generates new data
2 c) Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
3 c) To generate new, synthetic instances of data that resemble a training set
4 d) All of the above
5 b) Analyzing and making decisions based on existing data
6 b) It generates new data similar to the data it was trained on
7 b) Generative AI
8 b) Natural language processing for chatbots
9 b) Generative AI
10 b) To solve specific problems using existing data
11 b) Generative AI creates new data, while Conventional AI analyzes existing data
12 b) Diagnosing diseases from medical images
13 c) Patterns learned from training data
14 b) Open AI's GPT-3
15 a) GANs
16 b) Open AI's Chat GPT
17 b) It allows for quick creation of unique artworks
18 a) It requires extensive computational power
19 c) It raises issues of copyright infringement and misuse
20 b) It perpetuates societal biases present in training data
2 mark question answers
1 Generative AI creates new data similar to existing data, while discriminative AI
classifies or predicts outcomes based on data. For example, GANs (Generative
Adversarial Networks) generate realistic images, whereas discriminative models
like CNNs (Convolutional Neural Networks) identify objects in images.
2 1.Ownership
2.Human agency
3.Bias
4.Misinformation
5.Privacy
3 One limitation of generative AI in creating realistic images or videos is the
challenge of ensuring consistency and coherence over time and complex
scenarios. While generative models can produce highly detailed and realistic
single frames, maintaining the same level of realism and continuity in a
sequence of frames (as in a video) or across various elements within a complex
scene can be difficult. This can lead to artifacts, inconsistencies, or unnatural
transitions, especially in dynamic environments or when depicting intricate
interactions between objects and characters.
4 Generative AI enhances personalized content recommendation systems in
KVS ZIET MYSORE 128
 entertainment platforms by:
1. Creating Personalized Content: Generates tailored playlists, summaries, or
articles based on user preferences.
2. Analyzing User Behavior: Processes viewing history and interactions to
predict user interests.
3. Enhancing Metadata: Produces detailed descriptors (genre, mood, etc.) to
refine recommendations.
4. Dynamic Personalization: Adapts recommendations in real-time based on
recent user activities.
5. Content Summarization: Creates summaries or highlight reels for users with
limited time.
5 Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence that creates new content by
learning from existing data. It can produce text, images, music, and videos.
Generative AI works by using an ML model to learn the patterns and
relationships in a dataset of human-created content. It then uses the learned
patterns to generate new content.
6 OpenAI (Code generation), Art creation, content generation(chatGPT), AIVA
(music creation), Alpha3D (3D Modelling)
7 Deep fakes are a synthetic media created by machine-learning algorithms named
for the deep-learning methods used in the creation process and the fake events
they depict.
8 The discriminator in a GAN is simply a classifier. It tries to distinguish real data
from the data created by the generator. It could use any network architecture
appropriate to the type of data it's classifying
9 A generative adversarial network (GAN) is a deep learning architecture. It trains
two neural networks to compete against each other to generate more authentic
new data from a given training dataset. For instance, you can generate new
images from an existing image database or original music from a database of
songs.
10 Automates and Innovates Content Generation:
Enhances Customer Experience through Personalization:
Optimizes Product Designs:
Advances Healthcare Research:
Improved Customer Service:
Fosters Market Innovation:
11 1. Quality Control: The generated content may contain errors or unrealistic
elements, requiring human review.
2. Data Dependence: The quality of the output depends heavily on the quality
and diversity of the training data, which can lead to biased or low-quality results
if the data is flawed.
12 1.Misinformation and deep fakes

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 2.privacy concerns
3.Job displacement
4.Bias and discrimination
13 - DALL-E,GAN
- GPT-4,BERT
14 Popular AI frameworks such as TensorFlow and Py Torch are used for
developing machine learning models. These frameworks provide a
comprehensive set of tools that enable developers to easily create and deploy
ML models.
15 The generator's primary role is to generate data. Initially, this data is likely to be
random noise because the generator starts without much knowledge about the
true data distribution. Over time, as the GAN is trained, the generator learns to
produce data that approximates the real data distribution.
4 Mark question answers
1 Establishing guidelines or regulations for the responsible use of generative AI is
crucial to navigate its ethical challenges effectively.

1. Ethical Principles and Frameworks: Develop ethical principles that

guide the development and deployment of generative AI. These could
include principles such as fairness, accountability, transparency, and
privacy. Frameworks like the IEEE's Ethically Aligned Design can serve
as a starting point.
2. Regulatory Oversight: Introduce regulations that ensure compliance
with ethical standards. This might involve regulatory bodies setting
guidelines for specific sectors where generative AI is used, such as
healthcare, finance, and criminal justice.
3. Risk Assessment and Mitigation: Conduct thorough risk assessments to
identify potential harms associated with generative AI systems.
Mitigation strategies can then be implemented to minimize these risks,
such as robust testing, validation procedures, and continuous monitoring.
4. Public and Stakeholder Engagement: Involve the public and relevant
stakeholders in discussions about the use of generative AI. This can help
ensure that diverse perspectives are considered and that the benefits and
risks are weighed appropriately.
5. Education and Awareness: Promote understanding of generative AI
technologies among policymakers, developers, and the general public.
This can help mitigate fears and misconceptions while fostering informed
decision-making.
6. International Collaboration: Foster international collaboration on
guidelines and standards for generative AI. Given the global nature of AI
development and deployment, international cooperation can help create

KVS ZIET MYSORE 130

 consistent ethical standards and regulations.
7. Adaptive Approach: Recognize that AI technologies evolve rapidly,
requiring guidelines and regulations to be adaptive and flexible.
Continuous review and updates based on technological advancements and
societal impacts are essential.

Balancing the potential benefits and risks of generative AI involves a nuanced

approach that acknowledges its transformative potential while mitigating
potential harms. By implementing thoughtful guidelines and regulations, we can
harness the benefits of generative AI while safeguarding against its misuse.

2 Generative AI has the potential to revolutionize the creative industries like art
and fashion by significantly speeding up design iterations and production
processes. This acceleration allows designers to explore a broader range of ideas
quickly, reducing time-to-market and enabling more efficient innovation and
creativity. By automating repetitive tasks and offering rapid prototyping
capabilities, AI frees up designers to focus on more complex and visionary
aspects of their work, pushing the boundaries of artistic expression and fashion
design. This transformative technology also democratizes access to creative
tools, empowering a broader range of artists and designers to participate in and
contribute to these industries, fostering a more diverse and dynamic creative
landscape.
3 1. Supervised Learning: In supervised learning, the algorithm learns from a
labelled dataset where each input example is associated with a
corresponding target or output. The goal is to learn a mapping function
from input to output based on the provided examples. Examples include
classification tasks (where the output is categorical) and regression tasks
(where the output is continuous).
2. Generative Learning: Generative learning focuses on learning the
underlying distribution of the data to generate new samples that resemble
the original data distribution. Generative models do not require explicit
labelling of the data; instead, they aim to capture the joint probability
distribution p(x,y)p(x, y)p(x,y) where xxx is the input and yyy is the
output (if any). Generative models are often used for tasks such as image
generation, text generation, and anomaly detection.
Supervised learning is concerned with learning a mapping from inputs to outputs
based on labeled data, while generative learning involves learning the
underlying data distribution to generate new data samples. These approaches
have different objectives and are applied in different contexts within machine
learning.

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4 Benefits
1. Creativity and Content Generation:
Text: Generates human-like text for writing assistance, content
creation, storytelling, and more.
Images: Produces original artwork and designs.
Music: Composes original pieces of music.
2. Automation and Efficiency:
Customer Service: Chatbots and virtual assistants can handle
common queries, freeing human agents for complex tasks.
Data Analysis: Automates data summarization, report generation,
and even some aspects of data interpretation.
3. Personalization:
Marketing: Creates personalized marketing messages and
campaigns.
Education: Tailors educational content to individual learning styles
and needs.
4. Prototyping and Ideation:
Product Design: Assists in brainstorming and developing new
product ideas.
Creative Industries: Provides inspiration and preliminary drafts
for writers, artists, and other creatives.
5. Accessibility:
Language Translation: Improves real-time translation and
language learning tools.
Accessibility Tools: Enhances tools for people with disabilities,
such as speech-to-text and text-to-speech applications.

Limitations
1. Quality and Accuracy:
Factual Errors: May produce incorrect or misleading information.
Coherence: Generated content can sometimes lack coherence or
logical consistency.
2. Bias and Ethics:
Bias: Models can inherit and propagate biases present in the
training data.
Ethical Concerns: Issues related to deep fakes, misinformation,
and the potential for misuse.
3. Resource Intensive:
Computational Power: Requires significant computational
resources for training and deployment.
Environmental Impact: High energy consumption associated with

KVS ZIET MYSORE 132

 large-scale models.
4. Lack of Understanding:
Context: AI may not fully understand context, nuance, or cultural
references.
Empathy: Cannot genuinely understand or empathize with human
emotions and experiences.
5. Dependence and Job Displacement:
Dependence: Over-reliance on AI can lead to skill degradation in
humans.
Job Displacement: Potential to replace certain jobs, leading to
economic and social challenges.
6. Security and Privacy:
Data Security: Risk of sensitive data exposure through interactions
with AI systems.
Privacy Concerns: Potential misuse of generated content for
malicious purposes.

5 Generative AI impacts the job market and workforce dynamics with both
positive and negative aspects:
Positive Impacts

1. Automation: Frees workers from routine tasks, boosting efficiency and

productivity.
2. New Jobs: Creates roles in AI development, maintenance, and ethical
oversight.
3. Innovation: Enhances creativity and problem-solving in various
industries.
4. Personalization: Improves customer service and educational experiences.
5. Skill Enhancement: Supports professional development through
personalized training.
Negative Impacts
1. Job Displacement: Automates jobs, especially low-skill roles, leading to
potential unemployment.
2. Skill Gaps: Requires significant reskilling and upskilling efforts.
3. Economic Inequality: Risks widening the gap between high- and low-
skill jobs.
4. Reliability Issues: Necessitates human oversight to ensure AI output
quality.
5. Ethical Concerns: Potential for bias and privacy issues in workplace
surveillance.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 133

 UNIT-5: INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

Python is an open-source, high level, interpreter-based language that can be

used for a multitude of scientific and non-scientific computing purposes.
Comments are non-executable statements in a program.
An identifier is a user defined name given to a variable or a constant in a
program.
Process of identifying and removing errors from a computer program is called
debugging.
Trying to use a variable that has not been assigned a value gives an error.
There are several data types in Python integer, Boolean, float, complex,
string, list, tuple, sets, None and dictionary.
Operators are constructs that manipulate the value of operands. Operators
may be unary or binary.
An expression is a combination of values, variables, and operators.
Python has input () function for taking user input.
Python has print () function to output data to a standard output device.
The if statement is used for decision making.
Looping allows sections of code to be executed repeatedly under some
condition.
for statement can be used to iterate over a range of values or a sequence.
The statements within the body of for loop are executed till the range of values
is exhausted.
List is a mutable datatype in python. Elements are stored in a list using square
brackets [ ] . Elements of a list are accessed using its index.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 134

 a) Wick Van Rossum
b) Rasmus Lerdorf
c) Guido Van Rossum
d) Niene Stom

a) //
b) #
c) !
d) /*

a) Number
b) Character
c) Underscore
d) None of the above

a) Constant
b) Variable
c) Keyword
d) Identifier

a) 3
b) 3.33
c) 1
d) 0

a)
b)
c)
d)

KVS ZIET MYSORE 135

 a)
b)
c)
d)

a)
b)
c)
d)

a)
b)
c)
d)

a)
b)
c)
d)

a)
b)
c)
d)

a)
b)
c)
d)

a)
b)
c)
d)

KVS ZIET MYSORE 136

 a)
b)
c)
d)

a)
b)
c)
d)

a)
b)
c)
d)

a)
b)
c)
d)

a)
b)
c)
d)

a)
b)
c)
d)

KVS ZIET MYSORE 137

 a)
b)
c)
d)
2 mark Questions

What is the Difference between Interactive mode and script mode?

What are the basic datatypes in Python?

What is a variable?

What are the arithmetic operators in Python?

What are lists in python?

a)
b)

a)
b)
c)
d)
KVS ZIET MYSORE 138
 To print the following patterns using multiple print commands
*
**
***

a)

b)
c)
d)

Write a program to calculate Area and Perimeter of a rectangle

KVS ZIET MYSORE 139
 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

e) Wick Van Rossum

f) Rasmus Lerdorf
g) Guido Van Rossum
h) Niene Stom

e) //
f) #
g) !
h) /*

e) Number
f) Character
g) Underscore
h) None of the above

e) Constant
f) Variable
g) Keyword
h) Identifier

e) 3
f) 3.33
g) 1
h) 0

e)
f)
g)

KVS ZIET MYSORE 140

 h)

e)
f)
g)
h)

e)
f)
g)
h)

e)
f)
g)
h)

e)
f)
g)
h)

e)
f)
g)
h)

e)
f)
g)
h)

e)
f)

KVS ZIET MYSORE 141

 g)
h)

e)
f)
g)
h)

e)
f)
g)
h)

e)
f)
g)
h)

e)
f)
g)
h)

e)
f)
g)
h)

e)
f)
g)

KVS ZIET MYSORE 142

 h)

e)
f)
g)
h)
2 mark Questions

What is the Difference between Interactive mode and script mode?

Interactive mode is where you type commands and they are immediately
executed. Script mode is where you put a bunch of commands into a file
(a script), and then tell Python to run the file.
What are the basic datatypes in Python?

The basic datatypes are

int to represent integers
float - to represent floating point numbers
string to represent sequence of characters
Boolean to represent True or False
list- to represent collection of elements in [ ]
tuple to represent collection of elements in ( )
dictionary to represent the elements as key and value pairs in { }

What is a variable?
A Python variable is a reserved memory location to store values
Eg: V=10, here V is variable
What are the arithmetic operators in Python?

+ for addition ( eg: print(5+5) gives 10

- for subtraction( eg: print(5-4) gives 1

KVS ZIET MYSORE 143

 * for multiplication ( eg: print(5 * 4) gives 20
/ for division ( eg: print(7/2) gives 3.5
// for floor Division (eg: print(7//2) gives 3
% for reminder (eg: print(7%2) gives 1
** for Exponentiation (eg: print(3**2) gives 9

What are lists in python?

Lists are mutable datatypes in python which can be used to store elements within
square brackets [ ]

KVS ZIET MYSORE 144

 c)
d)
a)
b)

e)
f)
g)
h)
a)
b)
c)
d)

20 10
To print the following patterns using multiple print commands
*
**
***

KVS ZIET MYSORE 145

 a)
b)
c)
d)
a)
b)

c)

d)

Ans # Program to calculate total and average marks

m1 = int(input("Enter first subject marks: "))
m2 = int(input("Enter second subject marks: "))
m3 = int(input("Enter third subject marks: "))

KVS ZIET MYSORE 146

 m4 = int(input("Enter fourth subject marks: "))
m5 = int(input("Enter fifth subject marks: "))
avg = (m1 + m2+ m3+ m4 + m5) / 5;
print("Average Marks =", avg)

Sports=[

Write a program to calculate Area and Perimeter of a rectangle

Ans length = int(input("Enter the length of the rectangle: "))
width = int(input("Enter the width of the rectangle: "))
area = length * width
perimeter = 2 * (length + width)
print("The area of the rectangle is:", area)
print("The perimeter of the rectangle is:", perimeter)

5) Write a program to print sum of first 10 natural numbers

Ans # Program to find sum of first 10 natural numbers

sum = 0
for i in range(1, 11):
sum = sum+ i
print(sum)

KVS ZIET MYSORE 147

 SAMPLE PAPER I
SESSION 2023-24
SESSION ENDING EXAMINATION 2023-24
CLASS: IX SUBJECT: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
MAX MARKS: 50 TIME ALLOWED: 2HRS
Section A (Objective Type Questions)
1 Answer any 4 out of the given 6 question on Employability skill (1X4=4
Marks)
i Physical exercise is used as a stress management technique because
it improves blood circulation b) improves self-image
makes us feel better d) all of the above
ii seema is having a list of softwares, she wants to find out the system software,
help her by finding out which of the following is a system software
facebook messenger b) MS Office
c) Operating System d) Adobe photoshop
iii Rhea gas to draw the basic diagram of Computer. she has drawn the CPU but
forgot the units inside the CPU to be mentioned in the diagram. find out the
correct units to help her:
ALU and Output unit b) CU and input unit
c) CU and ALU d) CU and output unit
iv Economic development of country means:
Circulation of money b) improved standard of living
none of the above d) more and more jobs
v
Living environment includes:
a) plants, animals, human beings and other living
organisms.
b) oil,rock,
c) air,water
d) sun
vi __________________are the resources that are constantly replaced and
usually less polluting:
a) inexhaustible resources c) renewable resources
b) exhaustible resources d) None of the above resources
2 Answer any 5 out of 6 the given question (1X5=5 marks)
i ___________ allows computers and systems to extract useful information

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 from
digital photos, videos, and other visual inputs.
a. Data Science c. Computer Vision
b. Natural Language Processing d. All of the above
ii Which of the following is not a stage of AI Project cycle?
a) Problem Scoping b) Prototyping c) Modelling d) evaluation
iii which of the following is not a way to collect data?
a) Survey b) Sensors c) Camera d) none of these
iv ___________part helps us understand and identify the nature of the problem
and how we get to know what helps to get us to know the evidence:
a) Who b) What c) Where d) why
v The point of contact between an axon of one cell and a dendrite of
another cell is called a ______________.
a) soma b) synapse c) dendrites d) Axon Terminal
vi which one of the following is a valid identifier in python?
a) file.exe b) file1# c) int d) myfile1
3 Answer any 5 out of 6 the given question (1X5=5 marks)
i Who is known as father of Artificial Intelligence.
a) John McCarthy b) Charles babbage c) Alan Turing d) None
ii AI plays an important role in __________ technologies:
a) Self-Driving cars b) metro c) both a and b d) None of these
iii For better efficiency of an AI project, the ___________should be authentic
and relevant to the problem statement scoped.
ans: training data
iv in a neural network how, many hidden layers can exist:
a) 5 b)0 c) 1 d) to be defined by programmer
v Which of the following is not a decision-making statement in python?
a) if d) for
vi Write the python statements to print the entire list L1
a) print(L1) b)print(L1[4])
c) L1[2]="Mangoes" d)print(L1[2])
4 Answer any 10 out of the given11 question (1X10=10 marks)
i which of the following in not a virtual assistant :
a) Alexa b) siri c) cortana d) sophia
ii Which of the following is not an application of AI:
a) Remote controlled drone b) Self driving car
c) Self-serving kiosk d) Self watering plant system
iii This domain is enabling computer to identify and process images like

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 humans do:
a) Data Science b) NLP c) Computer Vision d) None of these
iv Choose the five stages of AI project cycle in correct order from the choices
given
below
a. Eva

Evaluation
d. Problem scopin

v A___________is an Artificial intelligence strategy for teaching computers to

analyze data in the same way the human brain does:
a) Brain Network b) Cell Network
c) Neural Network d) Human Nervous System
vi the list
given below:
ars","Watermelon "]
a)print(ListOfFruits) b)print(ListOfFruits[4])
c) ListOfFruits[2]="Mangoes" d)print(ListOfFruits[2])statement
vii The application/applications of Artificial Intelligence is/are:
a)Expert Systems b)Gaming c)Vision Systems d)All of the
above
vii what does NLP stands for in AI
i a) Neuro Linguisting Programming b)Natural language processing
c) Neural Logic Presentation d)Natural Learning projection
ix in a neural network how many input layers can exist:
a) 5 b)0 c) 1 d) infinite
x Which of the following shows the types of learning algorithm:
a) supervised,machine,reinforcement
b) supervised,unsupervised,regression
c) supervised ,unsupervised ,reinforcement
d) machine ,regression,unsupervised
xi Write the python statements to print the last item of list given below:

a) print(List1) b)print(List1[4])

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 c) List1[2]="Mangoes" d)print(List1[2])
SECTION- B
Descriptive type Questions
Write in 20-30 words each
Answer any 3 out of 5 given questions on employability skill. (2X3=6
marks)
5 What is nonverbal communication? Give any two examples of it
6 Give any two factors for improving self-confidence.
7 What is utility software? Name any two.
8 Write any four characteristics of an entrepreneur.
9 What is sustainable development? write the number of Sustainable
development goals set by the UN.
Answer any 4 out of 6 given questions in 20-30 words each. (2X4=8
marks)
10 What are the three domains of AI? Explain any two.
11 a) When anyone searches about nurses on the internet, the picture of a
female appears. Why it happens.
b) What should be done to avoid it
12 Neeta has been working on an AI Project. She has completed the problem
scoping, but she has forgotten the next stage. help her by listing all the
remaining steps in the sequence.
13 Explain 4 of 4W Canvas?
14 Write any two applications of Neural Network.
15 predict the output
list = [12,14,16,18]
print(list[2])
list[-1]=30
print(list[-1])
16 Answer any 3 out of 5 given questions in 50-80 words each. (4X3=12
marks)
Explain any four applications of Artificial Intelligence.
17 Why the selection of data sources is important in AI? Name two reliable data
sources.
18 Write all the stages of AI Project Cycle. Explain any three.
19 a) Expand ANN
b) Explain input layer
c) Explain output layer
d) Draw the diagram of ANN.

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20 Write a python program to accept the marks of 2 subjects of a child in a test
from the user and calculate the percentage.also print that the child has passed
or not in the test. PS: Maximum marks for each subject is 100 and the
pass percentage is 33%.

MARKING SCHEME

Section A (Objective Type Questions)

1 Answer any 4 out of the given question on Employability skill(1X4=4Marks)
i Physical exercise is used as a stress management technique because
d)all of the above
ii seema is having a list of softwares ,she wants to find out the system software
,help her by finding out which of the following is a system software
c) Operating System
iii Rhea gas to draw the basic diagram of Computer. she has drawn the CPU but
forgot the units inside the CPU to be mentioned in the diagram. find out the
correct units to help her:
c) CU and ALU
iv Economic development of country means:
Circulation of money
v Living environment includes:
a) plants, animals, human beings and other living
organisms.
vi __________________are the resources that are constantly replaced and
usually less polluting: c) renewable resources
2 Answer any 5 out of 6 the given question (1X5=5marks)
i ___________ allows computers and systems to extract useful information
from
digital photos, videos, and other visual inputs.
c. Computer Vision
ii Which of the following is not a stage of AI Project cycle?
b) Prototyping
iii which of the following is not a way to collect data?
d) none of these
iv ___________part helps us understand and identify the nature of the problem
and how we get to know what helps to get us to know the evidence:
b) What
v The point of contact between an axon of one cell and a dendrite of

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 another cell is called a ______________.
b) synapse
vi which one of the following is a valid identifier in python?
d)myfile1
3 Answer any 5 out of 6 the given question (1X5=5 marks)
i Who is known as father of Artificial Intelligence.
a) John McCarthy
ii AI plays an important role in __________ technologies:
a) Self-Driving cars
iii For better efficiency of an AI project, the ___________should be authentic
and relevant to the problem statement scoped.
ans: training data
iv in a neural network how, many hidden layers can exist:
d) to be defined by programmer
v Which of the following is not a decision-making statement in python?
d) for
vi Write the python statements to print the entire list L1
a) print(L1)
4 Answer any 10 out of 11 the given question (1X10=10 marks)
i which of the following in not a virtual assistant?
d) sophia
ii Which of the following is not an application of AI?
a) Remote controlled drone
iii This domain is enabling computer to identify and process images like
humans do:
c) Computer Vision
iv Choose the five stages of AI project cycle in correct order from the choices
given
below.

v A___________is an Artificial intelligence strategy for teaching computers to

analyze data in the same way the human brain does:
c) Neural Network
vi
given below:

c) ListOfFruits[2]="Mangoes"

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vii The application/applications of Artificial Intelligence is/are:
d)All of the above
vii what does NLP stands for in AI
i b)Natural language processing
ix a) in a neural network how many input layers can exist:
b) c) 1
x Which of the following shows the types of learning algorithm:
c) supervised ,unsupervised ,reinforcement
xi Write the python statements to print the last item of list given below:

b)print(List1[4])
SECTION- B
Descriptive type Questions
Write in 20-30 words each
Answer any 3 out of 5 given questions on employability skill.(2X3=6 marks)
5 What is non verbal communication ? Give any two examples of it
in non verbal communication, information is exchanged by using all other
things except words. 1 mark
example gestures, body language, facial expressions ,eye gaze etc any two. 1
mark
6 Give any two factors for improving self-confidence.
Social Factor,cultural factor ,physical factor any two
7 What is utility software? Name any two.
A utility program is used to perform maintenance work on a system or on the
components of the computer. 1
Examples of Utility programs are;- antivirus software, file management
programs, etc. ½ mark of one utility software name
8 Write any four characteristics of an entrepreneur.
takes initiative,systematic,purposeful and lawful activity, risk bearer or any
other valid characteristics (any four)
9 What is sustainable development? write the number of Sustainable
development goals set by the UN.
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present,
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.1 mark
17 SDG are set by UN 1 mark
Answer any 4 out of 6 given questions in 20-30 words each.(2X4=8 marks)
10 What are the three domains of AI. Explain any two

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 Data Sciences, Computer Vision and NLP 1 mark
brief explanation ½ mark each
11 a) When anyone searches about nurses on the internet ,the picture of a
female appears.Why it happens .
b) What should be done to avoid it
AI Bias.
training data should be unbiased. ½ mark each
12 Neeta has been working on an AI Project. She has completed the problem
scoping but she has forgotten the next stage. help her by listing all the
remaining steps in the sequence .
data acquisition ,data exploration, modelling, evaluation ½ mark each stage
13 vas?.
4 W CANVAS
1. Who Who are the ones for which the solution is to be developed; the
stakeholders. The stakeholders are the directly or indirectly affected people
who
are facing the problem and will benefit from the solution.
2. What What is the nature of the problem
3. Where Where does the problem arise
4. Why Why this problem should be solved and how it will benefit the
stakeholders.
½ mark each W
14 Write any two applications of Neural Network.
Speech recognition
Character recognition
Spell checking any two
15 predict the output
list = [12,14,16,18]
print(list[2])
list[-1]=30
print(list[-1])
16
30 one mark each line
16 Answer any 3 out of 5 given questions in 50-80 words each.(4X3=12 marks)
Explain any four applications of Artificial Intelligence.
AI in E-Commerce(Personal shopping,AI Virtual Assistant, Fraud
prevention), Social Media, Robotics, Agriculture. Any 4 with brief
explanation

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17 Why the selection of data sources is important in AI. Name two reliable data
sources.
The data is the foundation of the project .Therefore ,the acquired data should
be authentic,reliable and correct. Also the acquisition methods should be
authentic so that the project will not conflict with anyone. 1 mark
data.gov.in, india.gov.in or any other reliable source. 1 mark for each source
18 Write all the stages of AI Project Cycle .Explain any three.
Components of the AI Project Cycle :
Problem Scoping:Understanding the problem,Data Acquisition:Collecting
accurate and reliable data, Data Exploration:Arranging the data
uniformly,Modelling:Creating Models from the data, Evaluation:Evaluating
the project.
write name correctly in sequence 1 mark
explanation of three stages 1 mark each
19 a) Expand ANN
b) Explain input layer
c) Explain output layer
d) Draw the diagram of ANN.
Expand ANN :Artificial neural network 1mark
Input layer It communicates with external environment that present a
pattern to the neural network. Its job is to deal with all the inputs only. This
input get transferred to the hidden layer 1 mark
Output layer It collects and transmits the information accordingly in a way
it has
been designed to give. The final output is extracted from the previous hidden
layers 1 mark .

diagram 1 mark
20 Write a python program to accept the marks of 2 subjects of a child in a test
from the user and calculate the percentage also print that the child has passed
or not in the test.PS: Maximum marks for each subject is 100 and the pass
percentage is 33%.
m1=int(input("Enter the marks of sub1"))

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 m2=int(input("Enter the marks of sub2"))
per=(m1+m2)/2
if per>=33:
print("Passed")
else:
print("not Passed")
or any similar logic
1 mark for taking inputs
1 mark for calculation of percentage
1 mark for if and print
1 mark for else and print

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 SAMPLE PAPER II

General Instructions:

a) Please read the instructions carefully.

b) This Question Paper consists two sections: Section A & Section B.
SECTION A - OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (24 MARKS):
SECTION B SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (26 MARKS):

SECTION-A: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions on Employability Skills (1 x

4 = 4 marks)
When we believe in our ability to achieve in anything we undertake in 1
life, we develop the quality of ___________
a. Self-confidence
b. Self-awareness
c. Self-control
d. Positive attitude
ICT stands for _______________________ 1
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of the following shortcut key is used to paste the contents copied 1
from a location
a. CTRL+C
b. CTRL+V
c. CTRL+X
d. CTRL+P
___________________ is a person who is self-employed, is willing to 1
take a calculated risk and brings in a new ides to start a business
a. Software Engineer
b. Entrepreneur
c. Civil Engineer
d. Mechanical Engineer

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 What are the sustainable development goals?
a. End Poverty
b. Protect the Planet
c. All people enjoy the peace and prosperity
d. All of the above
____________ is a concept of modern waste management 1
a. Reduce
b. Reuse
c. Recycle
d. All of the above
Q. Answer any out of the given questions (1 x = marks)
____________ is the ability of machines to do cognitive tasks such as 1
thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making
a. Nero Science
b. Artificial Intelligence
c. Data Package
d. None of the above
This language is easy to learn and is one of the most popular language 1
for AI
a. C++
b. Python
c. Ruby
d. Java
Match column A with Column B 1
Column A Column B
1. Expert System partner. A. Simulate how a human would
behave as a conversational
2. Chatbot B. Uses knowledge stored in a
knowledge base but requires the
intervention of human expert.
3. Digital Assistant C. Autonomous vehicle
4. self-driving car D. Works on various mobile
platforms
a) 1 -> B; 2 -> A; 3 -> D; 4 -> C
b) 1 -> A; 2 -> B; 3 -> C; 4 -> D
c) 1 -> D; 2 -> A; 3 -> B; 4 -> C
KVS ZIET MYSORE 159
 d) 1 -> C; 2 -> A; 3 -> D; 4 -> B
What does NLP stands for in AI? 1
a. Neutral Learning Projection
b. Neuro-Linguistic Programming
c. Natural Language Processing
d. Neural Logic Presentation

a.
b.
c.
d.
This is a system of programs and data structures that mimics the 1
operation of the human brain
a. Intelligent Network
b. Decision Support System
c. Neural Network
d. Genetic Programming
With the help of AI, the farmer can identify defects and nutrient 1
deficiencies in the soil with the help of __________.
a. Machine Learning applications
b. Natural Language Processing
c. Expert System
d. Computer Vision
1
a.Internet of Thing
b. Intelligence of Technology
c. Input of Tex
d. Internet of Training
The method of collecting correct and dependable data to work with is 1
known as
a. Problem Scoping
b. Data Acquisition
c. Data Exploration
d. Modeling
What are the different types of data ___________ 1
a. Structured Data

KVS ZIET MYSORE 160

 b. Unstructured Data
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
________ is not a stage of AI Project cycle 1
a. Problem Scoping & Data Acquisition
b. Data Exploration & Modeling
c. Evaluation
d. Debugging
How you can identify the problem scoping in the project 1
a. Understand why the project was started
b.
c.
d. All of the above
________ element helps us to understand and categorize who is 1
directly and indirectly affected by the problem
a. Who
b. What
c. Where
d. Why
What are the various types of learning algorithms? 1
a. Supervised learning
b. Unsupervised Learning
c. Reinforcement Learning
d. All of the above
Artificial Neural Network is used for_________ 1
a. Classification
b. Clustering
c. Pattern recognition
d. All of the above
enables machines to improve at tasks with experience
a. Machine learning
b.
c.
d.

a.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 161

 b.

c.
d.

a.
b.
c.
d.
Who developed Python Programming Language? 1
a. Wick Van Rossum
b. Rasmus Lerdorf
c. Guido Van Rossum
d. Niene Stom
In Python, which of the following characters is used to create single line 1
comment
a. //
b. #
c. !
d. /*
21 An identifier cannot start with a ________ 1
a. Number
b. Character
c. Underscore
d. None of the above
22 ______________ keyword is used to accept data from user 1
a. print
b. accept
c. input
d. output
23 Write the output of the following python statement 1
print(10//3)
a. 3
b. 3.33
c. 1

KVS ZIET MYSORE 162

 d. 0

SECTION-B: SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. Answer any out of the given 6 questions ( x = marks)

Define any two types of Communication. 2

Write any four self-management skills. 2
Write in brief about files and folders in a computer system 2
Write any four qualities of successful entrepreneurs. 2
Write in very short about sustainable development and Green Skill. 2
Q. Answer any out of the given 6 questions ( x = marks)

1 Name at least two domains of Artificial Intelligence. 2

2 Write a short note on Smart Home. 2
3 2
4 Define the term Data Acquisition in AI. 2
5 Define the term Neural Network. 2
6 What are the data types in python? 2
Q. Answer any out of the given questions ( x = marks)
1 What are the application of Artificial Intelligence 4
2 Explain the stages of AI Project Cycle 4
3 Define the following terms 4
i) Deep learning
ii) Machine learning
4 What is Artificial Neural Network? Write any 3 Applications of 4
Artificial Neural Networks.
5 Write a python program to enter marks in 2 subjects and your program 4
should calculate and display total marks of two subject and average
marks in two subjects.

MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions on Employability Skills (1 x
4 = 4 marks)
When we believe in our ability to achieve in anything we undertake in 1
life, we develop the quality of ___________
Self-confidence
ICT stands for _______________________ 1

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 Which of the following shortcut key is used to paste the contents copied 1
from a location
CTRL+V
___________________ is a person who is self-employed, is willing to 1
take a calculated risk and brings in a new ides to start a business
Entrepreneur
What are the sustainable development goals?
All of the above
____________ is a concept of modern waste management 1
All of the above
Q. Answer any out of the given questions (1 x = marks)
____________ is the ability of machines to do cognitive tasks such as 1
thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making
Artificial Intelligence
This language is easy to learn and is one of the most popular language 1
for AI
Python
Match column A with Column B 1
Column A Column B
1. Expert System partner. A. Simulate how a human would
behave as a conversational
2. Chatbot B. Uses knowledge stored in a
knowledge base but requires the
intervention of human expert.
3. Digital Assistant C. Autonomous vehicle
4. self-driving car D. Works on various mobile
platforms
a) 1 -> B; 2 -> A; 3 -> D; 4 -> C
What does NLP stands for in AI? 1
Natural Language Processing

This is a system of programs and data structures that mimics the 1

operation of the human brain
Neural Network
With the help of AI, the fa mer can identify defects and nutrient 1
deficiencies in the soil with the help of __________.
Machine Learning applications
1
Internet of Thing
KVS ZIET MYSORE 164
 The method of collecting correct and dependable data to work with is 1
known as
Data Acquisition
What are the different types of data ___________ 1
Both a) and b)
________ is not a stage of AI Project cycle 1
Debugging
How you can identify the problem scoping in the project 1
All of the above
________ element helps us to understand and categorize who is 1
directly and indirectly affected by the problem
Who
What are the various types of learning algorithms? 1
All of the above
Artificial Neural Network is used for_________ 1
All of the above
enables machines to improve at tasks with experience

Who developed Python Programming Language? 1

Guido Van Rossum
In Python, which of the following characters is used to create single line 1
comment
#
21 An identifier cannot start with a ________ 1
Number
22 ______________ keyword is used to accept data from user 1
c. input
23 Write the output of the following python statement 1
print(10//3)
3

SECTION B: SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. Answer any out of the given 6 questions ( x = marks)

Define any two types of Communication. 2

T

KVS ZIET MYSORE 165

 a)
b) -
c)
(define any 2, 1 mark each)
Write any four self-management skills. 2

(any four, ½ m1rk each)

Write in brief about files and folders in a computer system 2

(1 +1 mark)
Write any four qualities of successful entrepreneurs. 2

(any 4, ½ mark each)

Write in very short about sustainable development and Green Skill. 2

(1+1 mark)

Q. Answer any out of the given 6 questions ( x = marks)

1 Name at least two domains of Artificial Intelligence. 2
a)
b)
c)
(any 2, 1mark each)
2 Write a short note on Smart Home. 2

KVS ZIET MYSORE 166

 (2 marks)
3 2

-
-
-
( ½ mark each)
4 Define the term Data Acquisition in AI. 2

(2 marks)
5 Define the term Neural Network 2

(2 marks)
6 What are data types in python? 2
Data types are used to denote the type of data
-
-
-
-
-
- -
( any 4 data types , ½ mark for each data type)

Q. Answer any out of the given questions ( x = marks)

1 What are the application of Artificial Intelligence 4
-
a)
b)
c)

a)

KVS ZIET MYSORE 167

 a)
b)

( Any 4 applications, 1 mark each)

2 Explain the stages of AI Project Cycle 4

(4 marks)
3 Define the following terms 4
i) Deep learning
ii) Machine learning
i)

ii)

(2 marks each)
4 What is Artificial Neural Network? Write any 3 Applications of 4
Artificial Neural Networks.
The term "Artificial Neural Network" is derived from Biological neural
networks that develop the structure of a human brain. Similar to the
human brain that has neurons interconnected to one another, artificial
neural networks also have neurons that are interconnected to one
another in various layers of the networks

1. Facial Recognition.
2. Stock Market Prediction.
3. Social Media.
4. Aerospace.
5. Defen e.
( 2 marks for definition, 2 marks for application)
5 Write a python program to enter marks in 2 subjects and your program 4
should calculate and display total marks of two subject and average

KVS ZIET MYSORE 168

 marks in two subjects.
sub1 subject1
sub2 subject2
sub1+sub2
2

( 1 mark for input, 1 mark for total, 1 mark for average, 1 mark for
display)

*******

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