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CCD AM Modulation

GJ

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Aryan Pund
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15 views6 pages

CCD AM Modulation

GJ

Uploaded by

Aryan Pund
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group no: Date:

Communication Circuit Design (CCD) Lab


Experiment No: 03
Amplitude Modulation

● Aim: To modulate a message signal using amplitude modulation and retrieve it using
envelop detector.

● Components:

Sr.
Name of equipment Qty
no.
1. BJT BC107 1

2. AC sources (message signal and carrier signal) 1


3. Resistors (1k, 1000k) 2, 1

4. Capacitors (100nF) 2

5. Inductor (3.2mH) 1

6. Diode (1N4001) 1
7. Connecting wires, Breadboard -

8. Probes -
● Theory:
Amplitude Modulation:
In AM, the amplitude of the carrier wave is varied according to the amplitude of the
modulating signal while the frequency and phase of the carrier remain constant.
When the amplitude of the modulating signal increases, the amplitude of the carrier
increases, and when the modulating signal decreases, the amplitude of the carrier
decreases.
The AM modulated wave can be mathematically represented as:

s(t)=[A+m(t)]⋅cos(2πfct)

Modulation Index (m):


The amplitude modulation (AM) index is the ratio of the amplitude of the
modulating signal to the amplitude of the carrier signal.

𝑨𝒎
Modulation Index (m) =
𝑨𝒄

Modulator:
Demodulation:
For demodulation, envelop detector is used.

Working:
Rectification: The diode allows only the positive part of the AM signal to pass
through, effectively removing the negative portion. This process creates a rectified
signal.
Smoothing: The capacitor charges up to the peak of the rectified signal and then
discharges gradually through the resistor. The time constant (determined by the
resistor and capacitor values) must be chosen carefully to ensure that it follows the
variations in the modulating signal without dropping too quickly.
Output: The output across the capacitor is a smoothed signal that resembles the
original modulating signal. This output can then be amplified or processed further, if
necessary.

Demodulator/ Envelop Detector:

● Applications:
1. AM radio broadcasting
2. Aviation communication
3. Two-way radio systems
4. Television broadcasting
5. Remote control systems
6. Emergency broadcasting
7. Commercial and public service communications.
● Advantages:
1. Wide coverage
2. Less complex circuit
3. Cost effective
4. Effective for voice communication

● Disadvantages:
1. Not power efficient
2. Susceptible to noise and interference
3. Limited Bandwidth
4. Poor performance in high frequency applications

● Circuit Setup:
Modulator:

Demodulator:
● Observation:

Amplitude of Amplitude of Modulation Index Output


message signal carrier wave (m) Wave1 - message signal
Wave 2 - Carrier wave
Wave 3 - AM modulated wave
Wave 4 - Demodulated wave
0.5V 2V 0.25
(under-modulated)

2V 2V 1
(perfectly-
modulated)

3V 2V 1.5
(over-modulated)
● Conclusion:

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