1

CHAPTER – I INTRODUCTION

1.1 TRAINING INTRODUCTION

Apply knowledge learned in the classroom. Again, there’s a big difference
between learning about strategies and tactics and actually applying them. Interning for an
organization helps students learn how their classroom knowledge applies to real
situations and reinforces concepts taught in classes.

Gain valuable work experience. In most fields, no longer can a college graduate land an
entry-level job with merely a bachelor’s degree and no prior work experience. Trainings
help students get this real-world experience while still in school. Training programs are a
great way to generate more work samples for your professional portfolio and give you
real accomplishment stories for your resume and online profiles.

Decide if this is the right path for you. Working for a company in your industry can give
you valuable insight into whether or not the industry is the right choice for you,
potentially avoiding the costs of obtaining a degree in a field you’re not interested in. It’s
best to know as early as possible, and training can help you to do that.

Develop and build upon skills. Learning new skills in an training can help you in future
employment opportunities and might give you a leg up on your competition in future
application processes.

Get a foot in the door at a company. Training experiences provide a valuable opportunity
to share your skills with a prospective employer long before the hiring process for an
entry-level job occurs. This can be a great benefit when, in the future, an opening does
occur—if you’ve impressed them, you’ll probably be on the list of top candidates for the
job. Also, according to a survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers
(NACE), new graduates who took part in antraining program are more likely to have
received a job offer than those who didn’t have an training experience.

Gain valuable networking contacts. Another benefit to completing training is the contacts
you make. Networking is often one of the best ways to land a new job and a primary way
to learn about unadvertised job opportunities.
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Obtain references for future job opportunities. Your training supervisor has had a chance
to see your skills in action at the company and is an ideal reference for future job
opportunities. Other individuals you work closely with at your training can also serve as
references or provide recommendation letters for your job search.

Learn about the world of work. Although you’ve probably had a job before or during
college, you probably don’t know what the day-to-day experience of working in your
field will be like until your first training experience. When you choose to intern at a
company, you’ll experience first-hand what it’s like to work in an office, interact with
supervisors and co-workers, and handle customers or clients.

1.2 SCOPE OF TRAINNING

1.2.1 Might find future employer

A training program is something common in large companies, but SMEs are
having more and more interns as a way to increase their HR capacity and create some
branding through such trainings. Fall trainings, summer trainings, semester trainings, or
quarterly trainings, doing any training program means you have an ongoing pipeline of
future employers and references.

1.2.2 Test-drive knowledge and skills

Let’s be honest. Just because you are getting a degree in a specific subject, does
not mean you are passionate about it. You might have a marketing degree and find out a
couple of years later that is more than just thinking of TV commercials. Doing a training
gives you grounded experience of what your studies might look like in a work
environment.

1.2.3. Find role-models

Yes, there are plenty of leaders and worldwide known role-models. But they are
not the norm, rather the exception. Doing a training can give you opportunity to meet
different managers, with diverse leadership styles and that gives you experience on how
to manage your boss. One of the biggest assets you can have when you get out of college
is how you adapt yourself to your boss style and become an added value to his/her team.
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1.2.4. Strengthen the CV

It’s natural and obvious that if you have more experience, we will have a better
CV. Yet, most students and graduates don’t have work experience when they leave
college. They limit themselves to having great grades, do the school program and then go
to the market. To be clear, there is nothing wrong with that. The different will come
when you have to perform and demonstrate that you understand the business in a fast
way, know how to work on a team and assume responsibilities. Having a training
experience might give you a story to tell beyond having spent your university life
studying.
1.2.5. If do well, have a network
Sometimes the different between getting your dream job and not getting it is that
one reference, one call that you missed to have in comparison to someone else. Training
gives you the opportunity to increase your network, expand your professional branding,
and having probably one or two personal ambassadors that would be glad to help you
when you need them.

1.3 OBJECTIVES

The need for the Industrial/Summer Training is to make students aware of the
work culture of industrial houses along with understanding of the resources available,
work ethics, processes and other modes of operations. Therefore, providing industrial
training vis-à-vis hands-on experience is highly desirable to mold and groom an
management student to inbuilt in him various skills nearly to the level of a full-fledged
manager. The main objectives of undergoing Summer/Practical Training for the students
are:

 To inculcate sense of responsibility among them. To make them familiarize with

resources, procedure and processes the psychology of personnel and attitude
towards work.

 To make them understand the social, economic and administrative aspects that
affects the working of an organization.
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 To understand the environment of large firm helps in placement.

 To improve knowledge, spend summer time usefully,

 To get experienced to corporate culture.

 To know how the work is actually done in an organization

learning team skills
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CHAPTER – II COMPANY PROFILE

2.1 COMPANY PROFILE

B-Tex designs, manufactures and distribute a complete range of inspection and

rolling systems to satisfy the most demanding needs for finishing and make-up machinery
in textile industry. We offer tailored solutions, whose strength lies in the high technology
content of each product and the careful integration of different technologies. As a leading
company in the global textile market, we are committed to satisfy our customers'
requirements, thanks to high quality products and a comprehensive pre- and post-sales
service.
Bhubaneswar Tex is one of the largest manufacturers and exporters of knitted
garments in the country. Over the years, we have grown from a modest beginning to
become a leading textile manufacturer in India, with a total turnover of USD 30 million
per annum.
Passion for quality and excellence, customized products, unswerving and focused
delivery, these are the tenets which define the core ethos in our organization.

Our growth has been characterized over the years by a strong increase in
manufacturing capacities, focus on improving productivity and a zeal for quality in
everything we do. We have benchmarked our operating practices with the best in class
organizations and ensured adoption of top operating processes and procedures.

Our operating capacities have been increased to 12,000 kg of yarn per day for
spinning, 10,000 kg of fabric per day for knitting and 12,000 kg per day for dyeing. We
have invested in the latest technology and sourced equipment from reputed international
suppliers like Pegasus, Juki, Siruba and Brother. Our printing units are equipped to print
in pigment, discharge and plastosol mediums and are enabled for varied printing needs.
We have also carried out de-bottlenecking of our embroidery and accessories division to
deliver execution of bulk orders for clients.
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While we have expanded our facilities, we remain committed to our core values
of developing and sustaining eco-friendly technologies. Our plant discharge passes the
most stringent pollution control norms and is an important step in ensuring sustainable
operations.
The underlying philosophy for operations lies on a strong quality based
foundation and accredited and well-equipped labs. Our labs are competent enough to
meet the most stringent quality requirements of our clients and are a testimony to the
quality based culture prevalent in the organization.

We are a partner in your prosperity. Come be a part of our growth story and an enriching
value- based organizational culture.

Corporate Social Responsibility Sustainable Development is the foundation pillar for

operations at Bhuvaneswari Tex.

We have always believed in driving a value based organization which is in

harmony with nature and the local population. We understand the need to conserve and
nourish “the resplendent Mother Nature”. As a responsible corporate citizen, we have
always complied with statutory norms related to emissions and waste reduction in both
letter and spirit.

Each facility in our textile unit has energy conservation as an important strategic
imperative and aims to conserve usage of power. We have continually deployed all latest
eco-friendly machineries in our operations. Sustaining natural resources is an important
part of our company’s mission statement. We engage ourselves in all activities aiding
eco-conservatism and strive to utilize renewable energy in an optimum way.

Our holistic working methodology reduces solid wastes, restricts water wastage
and energy wastage. We adopt eco-friendly technologies and working style thus
providing a clean and green environment for the future generations. Going ahead, we aim
to become a zero discharge company emulating the global best practices and aspiring to
win awards felicitating us for our sustainable work practices.
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2.2 PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

Name : BHUVANESHVARI TEX OF

GARMENTS

Address : S.F. No : 302/4 Goundampalayam

Road,
Therku palayam pirivu, Palladam
Taluk ,
Tirupur - 641 605,
Tamil Nadu - India.
Tel: 91 - 421 - 22 12 575, 22 13 875
Fax: 91 - 421 - 22 14 975, 24 20 405

Tin No: 33072422725,

CST No: 761281

Year of commencement : 1975

No. of Units : 3

Web : www.B-tex.com

: www.bhuvaneshwaritex.com

Product Produced : Manufacturing of Garments

Nature of Firm : Proprietary firm

Bankers : State Bank of India

Total machine Power : 95HP

Turnover : 30 million USD per annum.

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2.3 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

2.3.1 MANAGEMENT

The structure is based on the management. Management means out of getting

things done through others. The organization can follow the three levels. The three
levels are are as follows:-

Top level management

Middle level management

Lower level management

2.3.2 TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT

Top level management is the ultimate source authority, establishes, goals and policies
for the enterprise. It includes Board of Directors, Managing Directors and General
Manager.

2.3.3 FUNCTIONS OF TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT

1. Determine Objectives

The general objectives which top level management should aim at survival profit
business growth, prestige and social acceptance. Specific objective may relate to
specialty in work, competitive pricing, well relations with the workers, customers, public
and government.

2. Framing Policies

Another main function of top level management is to frame the policies, strategic
as well as aspect of organization. It has to decide plans and schemes for the execution of
policies with given time.
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3. Setup Organizations Frame Work

Top level management also determines the organization frame work for execution
of the plans. All operations are carried on within the functional structure of the
organization and authority is delegated from top officers to the subordinates.

4. Organizing the Resource

Prior to execution of the plan the resources of man, machines, materials money and
method have been assembled. This is another task of top management.

5. Control the Operations through the Company

Top level management has the implied duty to control all the operations of the
company through the personnel of the company.

The following are the duties and responsibility of the top level management.

 To have control over the administration of the top level management

 Setting out general objective and polices.

 Making appointments to top positions.

 Chief executive integrates the effort by various department heads.

2.3.4 MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMENT

It generally consists of heads of functional department via, production manager, sales

manager, and purchase manager.

FUNCTIONS OF THE MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMENT

 Performance of various factions of the organization. So that management gets

enough time for integration over all functions of the organization.

 Co-operation among middle management itself and also with top management
and supervisors.
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 Integrating of various parts of a department in whose context management is

taking action.

 Training and development of the employees for better functioning and filling
future vacancies arising in the organization.

 Development and inclusion of feeling among individual’s goals to organizational

goals.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

 To receive order and get instruction from top management.

 To run the organization.

 To motivate the employees.

 To arrange for the training of employees.

 To the procurement of correct person to the correct job.

2.3.5 LOWER LEVEL MANAGEMENT

It is the lowest level of management and it has a direct contact with the workers. It
includes supervisors, formers, account officers, sales officers etc., they devote more time
on the supervision of the workers.

FUNCTIONS OF THE LOWER LEVEL MANAGEMENT

The following are the functions of the lower level management.

 To make plan for every individual labors.

 To design work to the Labors.

 To give instruction to the Workers.

 To maintain discipline among workers.

 To provide best working facility to the labors.

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 To motivate the labors to work better and more.

 Communicate the decisions and instructions from top management to workers.

 To communicate the problem from workers to top management.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

 Planning daily works.

 Assignment of jobs.

 Keeping a close watch on workers performance.

 Sending reports.

 Maintaining contacts with workers

Directors

A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly

oversee the activities of a company or organization. Other names include board of
governors, board of managers, board of regents, board of trustees, and board of visitors. It
may also be called "the executive board" and is often simply referred to as "the board"

A board of directors’ activities is determined by the powers, duties, and

responsibilities delegated to it or conferred on it by an authority outside itself. These
matters are typically detailed in the organization's bylaws. The bylaws commonly also
specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and when they
are to meet. However, these bylaws rarely address a board's powers when faced with a
corporate turnaround or restructuring, where board members need to act as agents of
change in addition to their traditional fiduciary responsibilities

 Governing the organization by establishing broad policies and objectives

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 Selecting, appointing, supporting and reviewing the performance of the chief

executive

 Ensuring the availability of adequate financial resources

 Approving annual budgets

 Accounting to the stakeholders for the organization's performance

 Setting the salaries and compensation of company management

Administrative Manager’s

Administrative managers are top-tier executives who supervise the daily

operations of a business and are ultimately responsible for its performance. Found across
all industries and in both the non-profit and publicly traded sectors, these management
professionals are experts at maintaining numerous functions of the businesses they serve.

Company secretary

A company secretary is a senior position in a private sector company or public

sector organization, normally in the form of a managerial position or above. In large
American and Canadian publicly listed corporations, a company secretary is typically
named a corporate secretary or secretary.

The company secretary is responsible for the efficient administration of a

company, particularly with regard to ensuring compliance with statutory and regulatory
requirements and for ensuring that decisions of the board of directors are implemented.

Despite the name, the role is not a clerical or secretarial one in the usual sense.
The company secretary ensures that an organization complies with relevant legislation
and regulation, and keeps board members informed of their legal responsibilities.
Company secretaries are the company’s named representative on legal documents, and it
is their responsibility to ensure that the company and its directors operate within the law.
It is also their responsibility to register and communicate with shareholders, to ensure that
dividends are paid and to maintain company records, such as lists of directors and
shareholders, and annual accounts.
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Cost Manager

Cost management is the process of planning and controlling the budget of a

business. Cost management is a form of management accounting that allows a business to
predict impending expenditures to help reduce the chance of going over budget.

There are 4 processes in this knowledge area including

 Planning Cost Management

 Estimating Costs

 Determining Budget

 Controlling Cost

Finance Manager

Financial management refers to the efficient and effective management of money

(funds) in such a manner as to accomplish the objectives of the organization. It is the
specialized function directly associated with the top management. The significance of this
function is not seen in the 'Line' but also in the capacity of 'Staff' in overall of a company.
It has been defined differently by different experts in the field.

The requirements for finance manager included

 passing four examinations testing economics, management, corporate

finance, management accounting, decision analysis, and ethics;

 two years of relevant work experience;

 holding a Bachelor’s degree;

 Abiding by the Statement of Ethical Professional Practice.

Once certified, the Finance Manager was required to maintain membership in IMA
and complete 30 hours of continuing education annually.

Marketing Manager
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Marketing management is the organizational discipline which focuses on the

practical application of marketing orientation, techniques and methods inside enterprises
and organizations and on the management of a firm's marketing resources and activities.

Supervisor

Supervisor, when the meaning sought is similar to foreman, foreperson,

boss, overseer, cell coach, facilitator, monitor, or area coordinator, is the job title of a low
level management position that is primarily based on authority over a worker or charge of
a workplace. A Supervisor can also be one of the most senior in the staff at the place of
work, such as a Professor who oversees a PhD dissertation. Supervision, on the other
hand, can be performed by people without this formal title, for example by parents. The
term Supervisor itself can be used to refer to any personnel who have this task as part of
their job description.

An employee is a supervisor if he has the power and authority to do the following actions
(according to the Ontario Ministry of Labor):

 Give instructions and/or orders to subordinates.

 Be held responsible for the work and actions of other employees.

If an employee cannot do the above, legally, he or she is probably not a supervisor, but in
some other category, such as lead hand.

A supervisor is first and foremost an overseer whose main responsibility is to ensure that
a group of subordinates get out the assigned amount of production, when they are
supposed to do it and within acceptable levels of quality, costs and safety.

Training Officer

 To coordinate the logistics pertaining to all HRD workshops/events, before,

during and after the event.
 Apply and track funding support and incentives from government agencies.
 Manage workshop/event registrations for all HRD programmers.
 Provide assistance and resolve employees’ queries related to HRD processes.
 15

 Process and check HRD related payments, expenses and budget.

 Assist in the organization, delivery and evaluation of new and/ or existing HRD
workshops/events.
 Assist in the account management of selected department’s training and
development needs.
 Create presentation slides and/or type content to support HRD workshops/events.

Vision & Mission

 Designing and manufacturing innovative and reliable solutions for fabric

inspection.

 Made production“make-up machinery”.

 Encouraging and promoting sustainable development shared worldwide,

through a dynamic, responsible, prompt and customer-oriented service.

Values
Respect. Problem solving. Enthusiastic. Teamwork

View
We check salt in your food. Like chef checks salt in his food to ensure taste
before serving his customers, B-Tex Machines inspect the quality of fabric, before you
deliver to your clients.
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CHAPTER – III INDUSTRIAL PROFILE

3.1 Introduction

The garments in India traditionally, after agriculture, are the only industry that has
generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labor in Garments. The
Garments continues to be the second largest employment generating sector in India. It
offers direct employment to over 35 million in the country. The share of textiles in total
exports was 11.04% during April–July 2010, as per the Ministry of Textiles. During
2009-2010, Indian textiles industry was pegged at US$55 billion, 64% of which services
domestic demand. In 2010, there were 2,500 textile weaving factories and 4,135
Garments finishing factories in all of India. According to AT Kearney’s ‘Retail Apparel
Index’, India is ranked as the fourth most promising market for apparel retailers in 2009.

India is first in global jute production and shares 63% of global garment market.
India is 2nd in global textile manufacturing and also 2nd in silk and cotton production.
100% FDI is allowed via automatic route in textile sector. Rieter, Trutzschler, Soktas,
Zambiati, Bilsar, Monti, CMT, E-land, Nissinbo, Marks &
Spencer, Zara, Promod, Benetton,Levi’s are the some of foreign textile companies
invested or working in India.

3.2 History

The archaeological surveys and studies have found that the people of Harrapan
civilization knew weaving and the spinning of cotton four thousand years ago. Reference
to weaving and spinning materials is found in the Vedic Literature. There was textile
trade in India during the early centuries. A block printed and resist-dyed fabrics, whose
origin is from Gujarat is found in tombs of Foster, Egypt. This proves that Indian export
of cotton textiles to the Egypt or the Nile Civilization in medieval times were to a large
extent. Large quantity of north Indian silk was traded through the silk route in China to
the western countries. The Indian silk was often exchanged with the western countries for
their spices in the barter system. During the late 17th and 18th century there were large
export of the Indian cotton to the western countries to meet the need of the European
industries during industrial revolution. Consequently, there was development of
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nationalist movement like the famous Swadeshi movement which was headed by the
AurobindoGhosh.

3.3 Production

India is the second largest producer of fiber in the world and the major fiber produced is
cotton. Other fibers produced in India include silk, jute, wool, and man-made fibers. 60%
of the Indian textile Industry is cotton based. The strong domestic demand and the revival
of the Economic markets by 2009 have led to huge growth of the Indian textile industry.
In December 2010, the domestic cotton price was up by 50% as compared to the
December 2009 prices. The causes behind high cotton price are due to the floods in
Pakistan and China. India projected a high production of textile (325 lakh bales for 2010 -
11). There has been increase in India's share of global textile trading to seven percent in
five years. The rising prices are the major concern of the domestic producers of the
country.

Man Made Fibers: This includes manufacturing of clothes using fiber or filament
synthetic yarns. It is produced in the large power loom factories. They account for the
largest sector of the textile production in India. This sector has a share of 62% of the
India's total production and provides employment to about 4.8 million people.

The Cotton Sector: It is the second most developed sector in the Indian Textile industries.
It provides employment to huge amount of people but its productions and employment is
seasonal depending upon the seasonal nature of the production.

The Handloom Sector: It is well developed and is mainly dependent on the SHGs for
their funds. Its market share is 13%. Of the total cloth produced in India.

The Woolen Sector: India is the 7th largest producer. of the wool in the world. India also
produces 1.8% of the world's total wool.

The Jute Sector: The jute or the golden fiber in India is mainly produced in the Eastern
states of India like Assam and West Bengal. India is the largest producer of jute in the
world.
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The Sericulture and Silk Sector: India is the 2nd largest producer of silk in the world.
India produces 18% of the world's total silk. Mulberry, Eri, Tasar, and Muga are the main
types of silk produced in the country. It is a labor-intensive sector

Cotton textilesIn the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in
the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw materials,
market, transport, labor, moist climate and other factors which contributed to localization.
In the early twentieth century, this industry played a huge role in Bombay's economy but
soon declined after Independence. While spinning continues to be centralized in
Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, weaving is highly decentralized. As of 30
September 2013, there are 1962 cotton textile mills in the country out of which about
80% are in the private sector and the rest in the public and cooperative sector. Apart from
these, there are several thousand small factries with four to ten looms.

India exports yarn to Japan, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, France,
Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and other countries. India has the second largest installed
capacity of spindles in the world, with 43.13 million spindles (30 March 2011) after
China. Although India has a large share in world trade of cotton yarn, its trade in
garments is only 4% of the world's total. This is due to the incompetency of local
spinning and weaving mills to process yarn . There exist some large factories, but most of
the production is fragmented in small units, which cater to the local market. This
mismatch is a major drawback for the industry. As a result, many of the spinners export
yarn while apparel/garment manufacturers have to import fabric. Power supply is erratic
and machinery is outdated that needs to be upgraded. Other problems include low output
of labour and stiff competition with the synthetic fiber industry.

3.4 Jute textile

India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and the second largest exporter
after Bangladesh. There were about 80 jute mills in India in 2010-11, most of which are
located in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hooghly River, in a narrow belt
(98 km long and 3 km wide). Factors responsible for their location in the Hooghly basin
are: inexpensive water transport, good network of railways, roadways and waterways to
 19

facilitate movement of raw meterials to mills, abundent water supply and the cheap
labour from neighbouring states.

In 2010-2011 the jute industry was supporting 0.37 million workers directly and
another 400,000 small and marginal farmers who were engaged in the cultivation of jute.

Challenges faced by the industry include stiff competition in the international market
from synthetic substitutes and from other countries such as Bangladesh, Brazil,
Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. However, the internal demand has been on the rise due
to Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging. To stimulate demand, the
products need to be diversified. In 2005, the National Jute Policywas formulated with the
objective of improving quality, increasing productivity an enhancing the yield of the
crop.

The main markets for jute are the United States, Canada, Russia, United
Kingdom and Australia.

3.5 Top ten Garment industries in India

3.5.1. ARVIND MILLS

Arvind Mills, now Arvind Limited, is one of the largest manufacturer of textile
products. Headquartered in Naroda, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, Arvind Limited was founded in
1931.
Arvind Mills is one of the largest manufacturer and exporter of denim in India and fourth
in the world. The company’s product portfolio includes:
 Denim
 Knits
 Woven
 Engineering
 Retail
 Telecom
 Agri Business

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3.5.2. BOMBAY DYEING

Bombay Dyeing is the second largest producer of textile in India. Headquartered

in Mumbai, Bombay Dyeing was established in 1879.

The key products of the company include: Towels, Bed linen and Furnishings.
Apart from textile manufacturing, the company is also involved in the manufacturing of
chemicals.

3.5.3. GRASIM INDUSTRIES

Grasim Industries Limited is another big name in the textile industry of India,
established in the year 1947. Grasim Industries Limited is the flagship company of
the Aditya Birla Group and involved in the production of Textile, Fibre and pulp,
chemicals and cement.

3.5. 4. RAYMOND

Raymond is the 90 years old (as in 2015) Indian textile manufacturing company
established in 1925. Headquartered in Thane, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Raymond Industries
is the largest producer of worsted fabric in India.

It is the largest woolen fabric and one of the largest textile exporter of India, with
exports to countries like Japan, USA, Canada and many other countries.
Apart from manufacturing, the company also makes readymade suiting & shirting and
sells it them under its various brands. Some of the popular brands that the group owns
are:

 Raymond
 Park Avenue
 ColorPlus
 Parx
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3.5.5. RELIANCE TEXTILES

Reliance Textiles is a subsidiary of an Indian conglomerate holding company:

Reliance Industries Ltd. Reliance Industries Ltd is among the top 10 companies of India
by market share.
Established in the year 1966, Reliance Textiles Industries Pvt Ltd started
manufacturing synthetic fabrics, polyester, auto-textiles, silk-Amino suiting fabrics and
water-repellent fabrics for defense/police services, with “Vimal” becoming the flagship
retail brand of the company in the later years.
Today, Reliance Industries Ltd. operates majorly in 5 segments:

 Exploration and production

 Refining and marketing
 Petrochemicals
 Retail
 Telecommunications

3.5.6. JCT LIMITED

JCT Limited is one of the largest producer of nylon, polyester and cotton yarn and
fabric in the country. The company produces fabric with multiple blends, like:
nylon/polyester, cotton/polyester and many other types of yarn & fabrics

3.5.7. LAKSHMI MILLS

Lakshmi Mills is the biggest yarn and cloth manufacturer in South India.
Headquartered in Coimbatore, Lakshmi Mills was started in 1910.
The product line of the company include:
 Textile Yarn
 Textile Garments
 Weaving
 Spinning
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3.5.8. MYSORE SILK (KSIC)

Mysore Silk Factory is one of the largest silk weaving factories in India, which is
owned by the Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation (KSIC).
The company is responsible for producing high quality silk yarn and make pure
silk fabric, in various shades and designs, for Sarees and suits. They also manufacture
wide range of silk based products, in their Mysore based factory. The products include:

 Saree
 SalwarKameez
 Kurta
 Shirt
 Silk Dhoti and many more.

3.5.9. VARDHMAN GROUP OF COMPANIES

Vardhman Group is next on this list, which was incorporated in the year 1965.

The company manufacture high quality products and exports to nations like
Spain, Japan, US, Germany, U.K and some Asian and African Countries.

3.5.10. FABINDIA

Fab India is one of the largest Indian garments retailer with more than 150 stores
in India and abroad. The company mainly sources its products from the rural part of
India, to increase the employment opportunities in villages and small towns.
 23

3.6 Growth and Development of Garments Industries

3.6.1 INTRODUCTION

The Textile Industry occupies a vital place in the Indian economy and contributes
substantially to its exports earnings. Textiles exports represent nearly 30 per cent of the
country's total exports. It has a high weight age of over 20 per cent in the National
production. It provides direct employment to over 15 million persons in the mill,
powerloom and handloom sectors. India is the world’s second largest producer of textiles
after China. It is the world’s third largest producer of cotton-after China and the USA-and
the second largest cotton consumer after China. The textile industry in India is one of the
oldest manufacturing sectors in the country and is currently it’s largest.

The Textile industry occupies an important place in the Economy of the country
because of its contribution to the industrial output, employment generation and foreign
exchange earnings. The textile industry encompasses a range of industrial units, which
use a wide variety of natural and synthetic fibers to produce fabrics. The textile industry
can be broadly classified into two categories, the organized mill sector and the
unorganized mill sector. Considering the significance and contribution of textile sector in
national economy, initiative and efforts are being made to take urgent and adequate steps
to attract investment and encourage wide spread development and growth in this sector.

3.6.2 Growth of Garments

The textile policy of 1985 and the economic policy of 1991 accelerated the
economic growth during 1990s. Garment sector growth has been led by the spinning and
the manmade fiber industry. The number of cotton/ manmade fiber textile mills rose from
1035 in 87-88 to 1741 by December 1997. The number of spinning mills number rose to
1461 in December 1997 from 752 in 87-88. Liberalization led to the installation of open-
end rotors and setting up of Export Oriented Units (EOU).
 24

Currently India has the second highest spindle age in the world after China.
Aggregate production of cloth during 1996-97 was 34,265 million sq. meters, an increase
of nine percent over 1995-96. India's contribution in world production of cotton textiles
was about 12 per cent a decade back, while currently it contributes to about 15 per cent of
world cotton textiles

3.7 PRESENT POSITION OF GARMENT INDUSTRIES

The Indian apparel industry, which took off in the mid-60s, is worth around $15
billion now. In fact, the industry has advanced gradually in terms of technology adoption
and has reached a critical mass today. One of the primary drawbacks in India’s clothing
chain is the lack of adequate fabric / garment processing capacity of requisite quality
standards. While the issue of fabric processing has been debated for long, the area of
garment wet processing has started creating interest only in the recent past.

A significant part of the apparel export from India is dominated by Cotton

garments. Out of the total exports, men’s shirts, T-shirts and to some extent skirts and
kids garments have a large use of cotton fabric. These are not only high growth areas in
India’s apparel export, but also expose themselves to a variety of wet processing options.
Further, categories such as trousers, shorts and denim apparel, which internationally are
high growth categories, have wet processing as an integral part of its value addition.
Thus, one of the prime reasons for garment wet processing sector’s rising importance is
its ability to introduce a variety of aesthetic and functional innovations.

Garments have been subjected to a wide range of performance-enhancing

functional finishes in the recent years. Some of the more widely used functional finishes
include but not limited to Water & Oil Repellent (WOR), Wrinkle Resistant (WR), Anti-
Microbial, Anti-Ozonize, UV resistant, Fire Retardant, Moisture Management, Sensory
Perception etc. A large number of Domestic Brands have been employing the above
functional finishes quite widely and have accepted these in their finish program. Unlike
the aesthetic appeal, these finishes build in a specific functional characteristic in the
 25

apparel and hence make the garment more intelligent. This helps in raising the unit value
realization and also provides with a differentiation strategy.

In recent years interest from overseas buyers in sourcing garments is been seen
that has a large inclination towards wash factor, due to the fashion trends currently in
vogue. Finally, a number of wet processes are being carried out on the garment stage
rather than the fabric stage, since this gives a better control element to the garment
manufacturer. Hence, washing which started off initially to pre-shrink garments (prior to
reaching the consumer) has come a long way now to provide fashion and functionality
elements. Now washing programs are many such as silicone wash, enzyme wash, denim
wash, vintage wash, bio wash, steam wash, sand wash, caustic wash, stone wash, stain
guard wash, peach skin finishing, acid wash, cold tip wash, wicking effect, golf ball
wash, melange wash etc. but choice remains with consumer.
While the garment sector in general has been traditionally in the unorganized
sector, the wet processing sector has been further relegated due to its low importance in
the initial years of garment manufacturing in the country. Even till date, garment
exporters continue to accord this department lowest priority, which can be seen from the
fact that the laundry is either manned by masters or on contract basis, unlike other
departments.

3.7.1 Location of Industries

 Cotton as a raw material=lightweight, non-perishable.

 Cotton to yarn/textile =hardly any weight loss.

 Therefore, proximity to raw material site=not essential, doesn’t offer great cost-
saving in transportation. (unlike sugar, cement or steel industry)

 Result other factors become more important in industrial location viz.

 nearness to market

 nearness to water body (for dyeing, bleaching)

 Energy to run power looms and textile machines

 availability of capital/finance
 26

3.7.2 Climate Factors

 In dry climate, the cotton-threads will break quickly during spinning. Machine halts,
you’ve to join the threads again to restart operation=not good for mass production.

 on the other hand, humid climate= thread will rarely break. So, cotton textiles were
setup near coastal areas. (e.g. Mumbai, Osaka, Lancashire).

 Today we’ve humidifiers that can artificially increase the air-moisture in

factory/workshed= you can setup factory anywhere, run it efficiently, irrespective of
climate outside.

Examine from cotton industries

Factor Ahmedabad Coimbatore

same + cotton variety known as

Raw material Available from nearby districts.
“Cambodia cotton” is grown.

Energy Thermal power plant near Sabarmati PykaraHydel project

Water for
dyeing,
Sabarmati, Khari river Noyyal river
cleaning,
bleaching

 Large market in Gujarat and

Market neighboring states Large demand in Southern
States+ Chennai port for export
 proximity to Mumbai port=yarn
also exported to Japan
 27

CHAPTER – IV DEPARTMENTS

4.1 DEPARTMENTATION

Dapartmentation means grouping of activity of people. Departmentation is very

important to every concern. In order to work systematically and distributing
responsibilities that the departmentation is needed. Each department is separate duties.
They must to the entrusted work correctly without careless delay.

 Purchase Department

 Production Department

 Marking Department

 Sales Department

 Finance Department

 Personnel Department

4.1.1 PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

The purchase department plays a vital role in the organization. Because purchasing in
one of important functions in the development and developing concern.

Since it’s a mass production industry they depends upon a continuous flow of right
materials and it’s also supply of raw materials.

Purchase implies getting materials, machineries and service needed for production.
This department found the best sources of supply and place order. The main function of
this department is purchasing suitable materials from various places.

Purchase department perform the following functions under various heads.

 Function of Purchase Department

 Purchase Department Chart

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 Purchase of Raw Material

 Purchase of Items

 Details of Raw Material

 Manufacturing Process

 Purchase Procedure

 Functions of the Purchase Manager

The main function of the purchase manager is to prepare purchase requisition and find
out the suitable material for production. Purchase manager is responsible for the
continuous supply of raw material and purchase suitable material from various places.

He is responsible for all in related with purchase. The purchase manager identifies
and decides the need for raw materials and supplies the material according to demand.
He is also takes over the function of inventory control and maintains the purchase
account.

 PURCHASE DEPARTMENT CHART

The Purchase of raw material is important for all organization. The purchase
department has concluded the following members.

PURCHASE PROCEDURE

 Decision for purchase

 Selection of Vendor

 Purchase order

 Receiving of material
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Decision for purchase

The foremost duty of purchase department is to take a proper decision about the
purchase. They must decide if the purchase was needed and the quantity and quality of
raw material was decided.

In the industry the decision of purchase is made by the purchase manager which the
help of the production manager. They decided the quantity and quality raw materials.

Selection of Vendors

Selection of vendors is another vital task. A vendor should be selected according to

some basic merits. The vendor must capable of being supplying quality materials at any
time. In the industry the vendor is selected after the quotation to purchase department. If
the terms and conditions of quotations are acceptable, than the purchase manager selects
the vendor

Purchase Order

The purchasing decisions shall be taken into the force by giving the order to purchase the
material. The purchase order shall be signed and dated by the purchase manager.

Receiving of Material

At the last stage the required material shall be received from the vendor and settlement of
financial claims are made after recovering the material a purchase record is maintained.

4.1.2 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Production department is one of the major departments in the concern. After

purchasing of raw material, the next is producing the goods. The production department
depends upon the purchase and financial department.

Production means step by step conversion of raw materials into finished goods. The
production process is the logic functions of an industry around in which all other
activities of the organization are revolving.
 30

Production department perform the following function under various heads.

 Function of production department

 Production department chart

 Production process

 Production methods

FUNCTIONS OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

 Production planning and Control

 Quality control

 Inventory control

 Other function

ProductionPlanning and Control

It manages the supply of goods at a proper time to execute the order received by the
company. It also helps to control over the production process. It involves the decision
when, what, how, why to produce the goods.

Quality Control

The production manager is also responsible for the maintaining a quality of the
product steps should be taken to produce the goods according to the specification.
Inventory Control

Production manager is supposed to have control over the cost of Production by

reducing the wastage of materials. He is determining the economic lot size, economic
order quantity, order levels.

Other Function
 31

A part from the above function the production manager is to perform certain other
function such as economic, cost control, maximizing the Labor efficiency standardization
of storage price and analysis the wage incentives to the workers etc

PRODUCTION PROCESS

FABRIC INSPECTION

CUTTING

PRINTING

STRICHING

CHECKING

IRONING

PACKING

READY TO EXPORT

 FABRIC INSPECTION

When the fabrics are received from the dyeing and finishing section, it needs to be
checked, because, faulty fabrics can be supplied from dyeing and finishing. But the
cutting section has to check it. Otherwise the end products will be faulty. For this, the
fabric is being inspected by the quality inspector of the cutting section. They check the
fabric fully and find out the faults. Then mark it so that, these faulty portion of the fabric
can be rejected during spreading and cutting. Then the fabric is being stored for
relaxation.
 32

 CUTTING

After testing the fabric, if it is seemed that, the fabric quality is ok, and then test
cutting is done. Here a little amount of fabric is cut and sewed in sewing section. Then
the garments are compared with the approved sample. Sewing allowance and other
measurements are also observed. If everything is ok, then the approval is given and the
fabric is ready for bulk production.

 Printing

Printing is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or designs.

In properly printed fabrics the colour is bonded with the fiber, so as to
resist washing and friction. Textile printing is related to dyeing but in dyeing properly the
whole fabric is uniformly covered with one colour, whereas in printing one or more
colours are applied to it in certain parts only, and in sharply defined patterns.

In printing, wooden blocks, stencils, engraved plates, rollers, or silkscreens can be

used to place colours on the fabric. Colorants used in printing contain dyes thickened to
prevent the color from spreading by capillary attraction beyond the limits of the pattern or
design.
 33

STRICIHNG
After receive the garments components from cutting section, all the garments parts are
joined and sewn as sequentially. Obviously all the components are sewn respects on
buyer requirement.
Sewing section is the most important department of a garment manufacturing industry.
Sewing machines of different types are arranged as a vertical line to assemble the
garments. Sequence of types of sewing machine arrangement depends on sequence of
assembling operations.
 34

5. Checking

 Fabric Store In the fabric store fabric is being checked before issuing it to cutting
department. In general not all the fabric is checked. Usually 10% of fabrics are
checked for good fabric suppliers. For power loom fabric and printed fabric 100%
checking is done. Fabrics are checked in flat table, flat table with light box or on
fabric checking machine. 4 point system for fabric inspection is used to measure the
quality level of the incoming fabric.
 Trims & Accessory Trims quality is also very important for having a quality
garment. Trims inspection is done randomly against the given standards, like color
matching. But for trims and accessories quantity checking is essential.
 Cutting Room It is said that cutting is the heart of production. If cutting is done
well then chances of occurring defects in the following processes comes down. In
cutting room, check points are – i) marker checking, ii) cut part audit and iii) bundle
checking.

 Printing Checking Printing is not a compulsory process. If printing is done in

fabric form then printing is being checked in fabric store. For knits garment,
maximum printing is done in cut panels. So before issuing cuttings to sewing
department, each panel is being checked properly. Defects that are found here is
print placement, color matching, misprint or print overlapping or shade variation.

 IRONING PROCESS
Garments Finishing
Garments finishing means, mainly applies of pressing, folding & packing of
garments.
Pressing
Pressing is a finishing process done by a cloth to heat and pressure with or
without steam to remove creases and to impart a flat appearance to the cloth or
garments. In garment industries pressing is also called ironing. After completing
pressing the garments have to be folded.
 35

Pressing
 Folding
After completing pressing, the garments are folded with a predetermine area.
Garments are folded according to the buyers direction, requirements in a standard
area.

Folding
Folding classification depends on the fabric types. There are mainly four types of
folding. They are –

Stand up: Collar is folded and situated at 90* angle.

Semi stand up: Collar is folded with body and situated at 45 degree angle.
 36

Semi stand up
Flat pack: Collar is separated as a hole on the body of shirt.

Flat pack
At the end of the folding, garments are placed into a polythene packet.

7. Packing
After folding, garments are packing the size of polythene packet is permanent.
Specially, it is needed to ensure the placement of sticker in proper place.

Packing is the part of garment finishing. It is done by the requirement of buyer.

Various types of packing accessories are available in store room such as polybag, packing
board, tissue paper, hanger, scotch tape, gum tape, carton etc.
 37

Flow Chart of Packing Section

Make shipping mark according to P/O, Spread sheet
↓
Approve from buyer
↓
Carton measurement confirm from Q.C dept
↓
Sample make (carton)
↓
Re-approved from buyer
↓
Ensure net and gross weight
↓
Go to bulk production
↓
Complete the carton with garment
 38

Packing
Barcode
Barcode is a specially Buyer wise sticker.

Barcode
Cartons are made according to buyer instruction and length wise it contains the
buyer name, widthwise it contain the measurement, net & gross weight. Carton contain
the information are printed by screen print style.
 39

4.1.3 MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Marketing is the performance of business activities that direct flow of goods service
from produce to customer or ultimate user. Marker is considered to be an essential
activity for every business enterprise because major income of the company depends
extremely on market. The company followed the open market sales.

Open Market sale

The company products are directly distributed to the customer at fixed price with own
name. The products are best quality to suitable for customers needs. The company
sales the product to all the village and towns at Madurai. The demand for PVC pipes
increasing day to day. Because Madurai and its surrounding areas are basically areas. So
the demand of pipes is high. PVC industry is very few compare to the needs of its area.
Hence marketing the rigid pipes will be easier in this area. Another aspect is that PVC
rigid pipes are mostly manufactured and supplied to Madurai district and other areas.

Marketing Mix

The marketing departments have to give equal attention to all the aspects of a
marketing mix. It includes 4p’s of marketing. It consists of product, price, place and
promotion. The decision regarding mix was done by joint director, general manager and
marketing manager.

Product

Product refers to anything, which is offered to the public for sale. It may be a physical
object, service or an idea. It includes the decision requesting the quality feature, design,
packing etc.

Price

Consumers have to pay money in exchange for goods. Price is the only element that
products revenue. All other three elements i.e. the product promotion and place involve
expenditure& increase the expenditure.
 40

Promotion

Promotion performs the function to persuade and motivate people to buy the product
etc.PlaceIt includes the use of various links in the chain of distribution like retailer,
dealer, agents etc.

4.1.4 SALES DEPARTMENT

Sales function is one of the important functions to the business concern. Actually
the major problem of business is not a production, but selling the product. A system of
documentation and controls to reduce the selling expenses.

The PVC pipe is otherwise called as “Blue pipe”. That the industry sales two types of
pipes such as super thick pipes and pasted pipes.

Pasted pipe are used to agricultural purpose and super thick pipes are used to electrical
purpose to the house. The capability of the pipes ranging from 1/2 inch to 7inches. Rigid
PVC pipes are sold by the sales department to the co-operative pipe unit at fixed rate
when is determinable by the director of the company.

FUNCTION OF THE SALES DEPERTMENT

 To analysis the market condition

 To submit the report is every month to managing director

 To improve the sales volume

 To obtain the qualified sales force

4.1.5 FINANCE DEPARTMENT

It is the art of recording classifying and summarizing in a significant manner and in

the term of money transaction and events which are in the part at least of financial and
interpreting the results there at.
 41

The account may be placed in the various ladders to their qualifications. Finance
department is the control department. So the financial planning and budgeting are to be
determined by the fiancé manager. In this concern account department includes cash
department is also entrusted with the work of the receipt of cash.

Function of Finance Department

 The important function of account department is maintaining all the cash as well
as credit transaction of the company.

 It determines cash book, general ledger, journal and personal ledger of the
industry.

 It maintains cashbook, general ledger, journal and personal ledger of the

individual.

The finance department maintained some accounts. The following accounts are
maintained by the finance department. They are as follows:

 Cash account

 Purchase account

 Sales account

 Wages account

 Banks account

 Main ledger account

Cash Account

All transactions about cash flow is maintained in the cash account. Main purpose of
cash account is used to transact the amount from suppliers to dealers and to receive the
amount from buyers.

Sales Account
 42

In the company all sales transaction are maintained in the sales account.

Wages Account

In the wages account it maintain the wages and salaries details of all the employees.

Purchase Account

In this account amount of raw materials and machines are purchased and its cost is
entered into the purchase account.

Banks Account

The banking transactions are entered into the bank account for verification.

Main ledger Account

In this company all administrative expense, selling and distribution expenses are
posted in the ledger according to the journal entry.

Working Capital

Working capital refers to company investment in short term securities account

receivable and inventories. The organization requires fund to meet its day today needs
and expenditure such as purchase of employee wages. Storage costs, equipment, and
plant maintenance cost, experiencing the time by between the sales of the products and
payment for term

SOURCES OF WORKING CAPITAL

 Funds from business operation

 Other incomes such as division’s donation interest from investment.

 Sales of non-current aspects such as useless and absolute plant and machinery.

 Long term borrowing.

 Issue of additional equity capital (or) preference share capital.

4.1.6 PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

 43

The factor of the production namely man, machine, money, material and method are
important for the successful meaning of an industry. Managing of personnel department
is involves assessment of the man power requirement organizing selecting and devising
their compensation package and sub staining their motivation.

The personnel function is concerned with all of the human relationship among
workers are people. The management may be determined of the planning organization
directing and controlling of the procurement development, composition and maintained
of human resources for the purpose of attaining the organization goals.

The personnel department function is dealing with selecting, training and placement
and carrying the welfare of the personal accomplishment of the sales target to be deal
with the active and effective of sales officer and marketing officer in any organization.
The selection, training compensation and promotions are to be done by the personnel
department.

FUNCTIONS OF THE PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

The personal department deals with recruitment, selection, training wages, salary, welfare
and healthy measures. The above functions are done by the officer. Personnel
department perform the following function under various heads.

 Recruitment
 Selection
 Interview
 Shift timing
 Over time
 Holidays
 Provident fund

 Bonus

Recruitment
 44

It is process of finally and attracting capable applicants for employment recommendation

employees taken into the account while recruiting employees.

Selection

It is the process of the picking individuals with required qualification and complete of
fill job in the organization.

Interview

The personal manager calls the applicants for the personal interview for locating right
job to the right person.

Shift Timing

The workers are working in the industry on the basis of the shift timing.

S.NO SHIFT WORKING HOURS

1 I SHIFT 8 am to 4 pm
2 II SHIFT 6 pm to 2 am
Over time

The employee who is workers more than his schedule working hours called ‘over time’.
It over time is made by the workers, be can be receive the company for his work from the
company.

Holidays

Weakly one day is provided as a holiday for the workers. The company provided
holidays for festival and national holidays.

Provident Fund

Provident fund is given for both the employees and the employers. The provident
fund contribution by the employee is 12%is given in all level.

Bonus

Bonus is given that the time of Deepavali. The bonus is given up to 20% to 25% in
their total earning.

Promotion
 45

Vacancy may be filled of by giving a promotion to the employees of the industry. In the
pipe industry promotion policy is simply and it course helps to increase the morals,
among the staff members of the industry.

Leave Wages

Leave wages is given to the employees. All together the employees are given 34 days
which includes casual leave and other national and regional holidays.

4.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 To study the organizational structure of the concern.

 To study about the total management function of the concern.

 To study the functions of purchase and production department.

 Argumentation of production of different varieties of pipe.

 To know the purchasing procedures, storage facilities and material handing

procedures in industry.

 To know the maintenance of machine and operation of machines in the industry.

 To know the functions of various departments.

 46

CHAPTER – V CONCLUSION

This training is very useful to get more information for the completing this project. A
very good experience has been gained in working in different kinds of people. Which is
found in valuable and the environment is good and interesting. The knowledge gained
will be very useful in my life.
 47

REFERENCES

 www.capitalclothing.in

 www.google.com

 www.clothingindustry.com

 Author Andrew J.Durbin, Essential of management, Thomson Southwestern,2012

Principles of Management.