MADHAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

SCIENCE GWALIOR
(A Govt. aided Autonomous Institute under RGPV, BHOPAL (M.P.) Established. in (1957))

2023-2024

CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

SIDDHARTH SHARMA PROF. DEEP K. PARSEDIA
0901EC201113 Dr. HEMANT CHOUBEY
Mr. PRATEEK BHADAURIA
ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT
MITS, GWALIOR
 INDEX

EXPERIMENT EXPERIMENT NAME PAGE NO.

NO.

1. Program in NS (network simulator)/QualNet 3

to implement different topology.

2. Program in NS (network simulator)/QualNet 6

for connecting multiple routers and nodes
and building a hybrid topology.

3. Program in Network Simulator/QualNet to 8

implement FTP using TCP bulk transfer.

4. Program in NS (network simulator)/QualNet 11

for connecting multiple routers and nodes
and building a hybrid topology and then
calculating network performance.

5. To analyze network traces using Wireshark 14

software
 EXPERIMENT 1

AIM:
Program in NS (network simulator)/QualNet to implement different topology.

THEORY:

STAR TOPOLOGY-

In a star topology, all the devices are connected to a central device. This device
will then control all the data traffic flow within the entire network. A good
example of such a topology is a home wireless network, where all the desktops,
laptops, tablets, printers, and smart-phones are connected to a single wireless
router.

Star Network topology:

n2 n3 n4
\|/
\|/
n1--- n0---n5
/|\
/|\
n8 n7 n6
SIMULATED OUTPUT:
TCP dump is a most powerful and widely used command-line packets sniffer or
package analyzer tool which is used to capture or filter TCP/IP packets that are
received or transferred over a network on a specific interface.

Fig. a) Output of Star topology as packet sniffer

BUS TOPOLOGY-

All devices in a Bus topology share a single communication line or cable.

When numerous hosts are sending data at the same time, the bus topology may
cause problems. As a result, Bus topology either employs CSMA/CD
technology or assigns one host the role of Bus Master.

Bus Network Topology –

194.15.1.0 n0 --------------
n1 n2 n3 n4 point-to-point
||||
================

LAN (BUS) 194.15.2.0

SIMULATED OUTPUT:

Fig. b) Output of Bus Topology

RESULT:

The output of the programs are shown in fig. a) and fig. b

 EXPERIMENT 2
AIM:

Program in NS (network simulator)/QualNet for connecting multiple routers

and nodes and building a hybrid topology.

THEORY:

Hybrid topology refers to a network structure with many topologies in its design.
The advantages and disadvantages of each incorporating topology are passed
down to the hybrid topology. Aspects of Star, Ring, Bus, and Daisy-chain
topologies may be present in the merging topologies.

The majority of WANs are connected using a Dual-Ring topology, and the
networks that connect to them are typically Star topologies. The Internet is the
most well-known example of a hybrid topology.

Output:
RESULT:

The output of the Hybrid topology is shown in figure 6. Hybrid topologies, often
known as hybrid networks, are networks that mix two or more topologies in such a
way that the resulting network does not conform to any of the traditional
topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring, etc.)
 EXPERIMENT 3

AIM:
Program in Network Simulator/QualNet to implement FTP using TCP bulk
transfer.

THEORY:
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol for transferring
computer files between hosts on a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP is
based on a client-server design, with the client and server using separate control
and data connections. FTP users can connect anonymously if the server is set to
allow it, or they can authenticate themselves using a clear-text sign-in protocol,
usually in the form of a username and password. FTP is frequently secured using
SSL/TLS for secure transmission that protects the username and password as well
as encrypts the content (FTPS). In other cases, SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
is utilized instead, however it is technologically different.
PROCEDURE:
i. Create a new project = “FTPusingTCP” ii.
Create Package = “FTP”
iii. Create two files under package as “FileServer.java” and “FileClient.java” iv.
Write the programs in respective file to transfer a file from server to client. v.
Give the path which file content need to transfer with new file name as
destination. Example = “Test.txt” to “cubic.txt”
vi. For transfer of a file, create TCP socket in both with same number. (Socket
numbers can be given from 1024 to 65532. 37).
vii. Also define path, size of the file, read from beginning to end of file in both
programs.
viii. First run “FileServer.java” then run “FileClient.java”.
ix. Hereafter you can verify the file is transferred with new name successfully
by FTP using TCP protocol.

ALGORITHM:
1. Create a server socket.

2. Then create a client socket.

3. File Input Stream and File Output Stream is to abstract different ways to
inputand output the stream is a file.

4. Specify the IP address and port number for socket.

5. Close all streams.

6. Close server and client socket.

7. Stop

SIMULATED OUTPUT:
Run file of TCP server.java

Run file of TCP client.java

 Transferred file on required location with specified name

RESULT:
The file contents are successfully transferred on new location with another name
as shown in Figures by using FTP over TCP connection.

EXPERIMENT 4
AIM:

Program in NS (network simulator)/QualNet for connecting multiple routers and

nodes and building a hybrid topology.

THEORY:
Hybrid topology refers to a network structure with many topologies in its design.
The advantages and disadvantages of each incorporating topology are passed down
to the hybrid topology. Aspects of Star, Ring, Bus, and Daisy-chain topologies
may be present in the merging topologies.
The majority of WANs are connected using a Dual-Ring topology, and the
networks that connect to them are typically Star topologies. The Internet is the
most well-known example of a hybrid topology.
OUTPUT:
Parameters Used to Measure Network Performance
The following parameters are used to measure Network Performance −
● Bandwidth
● Throughput
● Latency
● Packet Loss
● Jitter

Factors Affecting Network Performance

The following factors affect the performance of a network −
● Network Infrastructure
● Applications Used in the Network
● Network Issues
● Network Security
RESULT:
The output of the Hybrid topology is shown in figure 6. Hybrid topologies, often
known as hybrid networks, are networks that mix two or more topologies in such a
way that the resulting network does not conform to any of the traditional
topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring, etc.)
EXPERIMENT 5

AIM:
To analyze network traces using Wireshark software

THEORY:

Wireshark is a software protocol analyzer, or "packet sniffer" application, used for

network troubleshooting, analysis, software and protocol development, and
education. Before June 2006, Wireshark was known as Ethereal. It has a rich and
powerful feature set and runs on most computing platforms including Windows,
OS X, Linux, and UNIX. Network professionals, security experts, developers, and
educators around the world use it regularly. It is freely available as open source,
and is released under the GNU General Public License version 2.

Wireshark can read live data from Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, serial (PPP and
SLIP) (if the OS on which it's running allows Wireshark to do so), 802.11 wireless
LAN (if the OS on which it's running allows Wireshark to do so), ATM
connections (if the OS on which it's running allows Wireshark to do so), and the
"any" device supported on Linux by recent versions of libpcap.
While some people use the advantage of Wireshark for network monitoring, others
use Wireshark to capture and analyze telnet and FTP logins and passwords, web
traffic, including mail transactions to steal private passwords and personal
information from the internet. For security and safety reasons, it is strictly advised
that Wireshark should be used responsibly.
PROCEDURE:
i. Wireshark Environment- To capture Protocol Data Units (PDUs), the
computer on which Wireshark is installed must have an active connection to
a network. Wireshark must be running before any data can be captured.
Open Wireshark application. As the Wireshark is launched, a window is
displayed.
ii. PDU Capture to start PDU capture, go to Capture on the Menu bar and
select Options. The Capture Options dialog box provides a range of settings
and filters which determines which and how much data traffic is captured.
iii. Setting Wireshark to capture packets in promiscuous mode: If this feature is
NOT checked, only PDUs destined for this computer will be captured. If this
feature is checked, all PDUs destined for this computer AND all those
detected by the computer NIC on the same network segment are captured.
iv. Setting Wireshark for network name resolution. Although this is a
useful feature, the name resolution process may add extra PDUs the
captured data, perhaps distorting the analysis.
v. To start data capture process, click the Start button on the Wireshark:
Capture Options window.
vi. Analyzing Sample PDU Captures: : Examine the Packet List pane, then
Select (highlight) the first echo request packet on the list with the mouse.
vii. As you select a line in the Packets Detail pane all or part of the information
in the Packet Bytes pane also becomes highlighted.
viii. In the Packet List pane, highlight an HTTP packet that has the notation
"(text/html)" in the Info column. In the Packet Detail pane click on the "+"
next to "Line-based text data: html"
ix. Setup a simple switched network of 3 PCs with one PC acting as web
server. Your instructor will assign the IP addresses for PCs and web server.
x. Set the Capture Options as described above in the overview. On the address
bar of the client hosts, input the IP address of the web server on a browser
and start the capture process.

SIMULATED OUTPUT:

Capture process begins

Clicking on Continue without saving closes the file or exits
Wireshark without saving the displayed captured data.
The packet Detail Pane will now be similar to:
 Capture display

Upon Following a TCP Stream, a window similar to the one below is

shown:
 Exporting the file

RESULT:
On the address bar of the client hosts, input the IP address of the web server on a
browser and start the capture process. Therefore, the network can be analyzed
using Wireshark software.