Calculating Mean, Mode, Median, SD, and Confidence Interval (10

Questions)
1. The following data shows the marks obtained by 10 students in a test:
45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,9045, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85,
9045,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90.
Calculate:
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Standard deviation
2. A company's weekly production (in units) is:
50,55,60,65,70,75,8050, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 8050,55,60,65,70,75,80.
Calculate the mean and standard deviation of production.
3. In a survey of patients’ blood sugar levels, the following data was
collected:
140,150,160,145,155,165,150,155,160,145140, 150, 160, 145, 155, 165,
150, 155, 160, 145140,150,160,145,155,165,150,155,160,145.
Calculate the mean, mode, and median.
4. A machine produces components with weights (in grams):
100,102,98,101,100,99,102,103,101,100100, 102, 98, 101, 100, 99, 102,
103, 101, 100100,102,98,101,100,99,102,103,101,100.
Calculate the mean and construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean
weight.
5. The heights (in cm) of 8 children are:
120,125,130,135,140,145,150,155120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150,
155120,125,130,135,140,145,150,155.
Calculate the mean, median, and variance.
6. A study measured cholesterol levels in mg/dL:
200,195,210,220,205,215,190,200200, 195, 210, 220, 205, 215, 190,
200200,195,210,220,205,215,190,200.
Find the mean, standard deviation, and construct a 99% confidence
interval.
7. Calculate the standard deviation for the following ages of patients:
22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,4022, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38,
4022,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40.
8. A group of 12 employees worked the following hours last week:
38,40,42,44,46,48,50,52,54,56,58,6038, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56,
58, 6038,40,42,44,46,48,50,52,54,56,58,60.
Find the mean and 95% confidence interval for the average hours worked.
9. The prices of a product in 5 stores are: 45,50,55,50,5045, 50, 55, 50,
5045,50,55,50,50.
Calculate the mode and explain its significance.
 10.A dataset contains the following values: 5,7,9,7,7,10,12,15,15,175, 7, 9, 7,
7, 10, 12, 15, 15, 175,7,9,7,7,10,12,15,15,17.
Calculate the mean, mode, and standard deviation.

2. Chi-Square Test for Association (5 Questions)

11.A hospital collects data on smoking habits and lung disease presence
among 100 individuals:

Smoking Lung No Lung

Status Disease Disease

Smoker 30 20

Non-Smoker 10 40

Test at 5% significance whether smoking status is associated with lung disease.

12.A study examines whether gender affects preference for a diet program:

Gend Progra Progra

er mA mB

Male 40 30

Femal 30 50
e

Conduct a Chi-Square test for association at 1% significance level.

13.The observed frequencies of students choosing three types of courses
(Science, Commerce, Arts) are:

Cours Scienc Commer Art

e e ce s

Male 50 30 20

Femal
40 25 35
e

Is there a significant association between gender and course selection?

14.A survey investigates the link between exercise habits (Regular,
Occasional, None) and BMI categories (Underweight, Normal, Overweight):

Exercise Underwei Norm Overweig

Habits ght al ht

Regular 20 40 30

Occasional 10 50 40

None 5 30 65

Perform a Chi-Square test at 5% significance.

 15.A retailer collects data on customer preferences for brands (A, B, C) based
on income groups (Low, Medium, High):

Income Brand Brand Brand

Group A B C

Low Income 30 20 10

Medium
40 30 20
Income

High Income 20 10 40

Test for association at a 5% significance level.

3. Paired, Independent t-Test, and ANOVA (10 Questions)

Paired t-Test:
16.Measure blood pressure of 8 patients before and after a treatment:

Patie Befor Afte

nt e r

1 140 130

2 145 135

3 150 140

4 160 150

Conduct a paired t-test at 5% significance to determine treatment effectiveness.

17.Test the effectiveness of two teaching methods by comparing scores of
students in the same class:

Stude Method Method

nt A B

1 80 85

2 75 78

3 85 88

Perform a paired t-test at a 1% significance level.

Independent t-Test:
18.Compare heights of 10 boys and 10 girls to test if there is a significant
difference. Heights (in cm):
 Boys: 160,162,165,167,170,172,175,177,180,182160, 162, 165, 167, 170,
172, 175, 177, 180, 182160,162,165,167,170,172,175,177,180,182
  Girls: 155,157,160,162,165,167,170,172,175,177155, 157, 160, 162, 165,
167, 170, 172, 175, 177155,157,160,162,165,167,170,172,175,177.
19.A company compares the effectiveness of two ads based on sales data.
Group A (Ad 1): 50,55,60,65,7050, 55, 60, 65, 7050,55,60,65,70. Group B
(Ad 2): 40,45,50,55,6040, 45, 50, 55, 6040,45,50,55,60. Conduct an
independent t-test.
ANOVA:
20.Compare the mean weight loss for three diet plans:
 Diet A: 4,5,6,7,54, 5, 6, 7, 54,5,6,7,5.
 Diet B: 3,4,4,5,33, 4, 4, 5, 33,4,4,5,3.
 Diet C: 6,7,8,8,76, 7, 8, 8, 76,7,8,8,7.
21.Compare productivity scores under three working conditions:
 Condition 1: 20,25,30,35,4020, 25, 30, 35, 4020,25,30,35,40.
 Condition 2: 15,20,25,30,3515, 20, 25, 30, 3515,20,25,30,35.
 Condition 3: 10,15,20,25,3010, 15, 20, 25, 3010,15,20,25,30.

4. Linear Regression (5 Questions)

22.Fit a linear regression model for the following data:

Hours 2 3 4 5
Studied

Marks 5 6 7 8
Scored 0 0 0 0

23.A company wants to predict sales (Y) based on advertising expenditure

(X):

| Advertising ($) | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 |

|-----------------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| Sales ($) | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 |

24.Analyze the relationship between temperature (X) and ice cream sales (Y):

Temperature
20 25 30 35
(°C)

20 30 40 50
Sales ($)
0 0 0 0

25.Fit a regression model and predict revenue based on hours worked:

Hours 5 10 15 20
Worked

Revenue 50 100 150 200

($) 0 0 0 0

26.Examine the relationship between years of experience (X) and salary (Y):

Experience
1 2 3 4 5
(Years)

30 35 40 45 50
Salary ($)
K K K K K

Set Theory (5 Questions)

1. Union and Intersection of Sets
If A={1,2,3,4,5}A = \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}A={1,2,3,4,5} and B={4,5,6,7}B = \
{4, 5, 6, 7\}B={4,5,6,7}, find:
a) A∪BA \cup BA∪B
b) A∩BA \cap BA∩B
c) A−BA - BA−B
2. Power Set
If X={a,b}X = \{a, b\}X={a,b}, write the power set P(X)P(X)P(X).
3. Subset Identification
Let U={1,2,3,4,5,6}U = \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\}U={1,2,3,4,5,6}, and
A={2,4,6}A = \{2, 4, 6\}A={2,4,6}.
Is AAA a subset of UUU? Is AAA a proper subset of UUU? Explain.
4. De Morgan’s Laws
Verify De Morgan's laws for A={1,2,3}A = \{1, 2, 3\}A={1,2,3},
B={3,4,5}B = \{3, 4, 5\}B={3,4,5}, and U={1,2,3,4,5}U = \{1, 2, 3, 4,
5\}U={1,2,3,4,5}:
a) (A∪B)′=A′∩B′(A \cup B)' = A' \cap B'(A∪B)′=A′∩B′
b) (A∩B)′=A′∪B′(A \cap B)' = A' \cup B'(A∩B)′=A′∪B′
5. Venn Diagram Application
In a survey of 100 students, 60 like Math, 50 like Science, and 20 like both.
a) Represent this information using a Venn diagram.
b) How many students like only Math?
c) How many students like only Science?
d) How many students like neither subject?

Probability (5 Questions)
6. Classical Probability
A box contains 5 red balls, 3 blue balls, and 2 green balls.
a) What is the probability of drawing a red ball?
b) What is the probability of drawing a blue or green ball?
7. Conditional Probability
In a class of 30 students, 20 students study Math, 15 study Science, and
10 study both.
If a student is known to study Math, what is the probability they also study
Science?
 8. Independent Events
A coin is flipped, and a die is rolled.
a) What is the probability of getting a head on the coin and a 6 on the die?
b) Are these two events independent? Explain.
9. Mutually Exclusive Events
A card is drawn from a deck. Let AAA be the event that the card is a heart,
and BBB be the event that the card is a spade.
Are AAA and BBB mutually exclusive? Justify your answer.
10.Bayes’ Theorem
A factory has two machines, M1M_1M1 and M2M_2M2, producing widgets.
o M1M_1M1 produces 60% of the widgets, and M2M_2M2 produces
40%.
o 5% of widgets from M1M_1M1 are defective, and 10% of widgets
from M2M_2M2 are defective.
a) What is the probability that a randomly selected widget is
defective?
b) If a defective widget is selected, what is the probability it was
produced by M1M_1M1?
Here are theory questions on Normal Distribution, Chi-Square Test, and
Confidence Interval (CI):

Normal Distribution (5 Questions)

1. Definition and Properties
o Define the normal distribution. What are its key properties?

o Explain the significance of the mean, median, and mode in a normal

distribution.
2. Standard Normal Distribution
o What is the standard normal distribution? How is it related to a
normal distribution?
o Explain the concept of Z-scores and their use in standardizing data.

3. Empirical Rule
o State the empirical rule (68-95-99.7) for a normal distribution. How
is it useful in data analysis?
4. Applications
o Discuss two real-life examples where the normal distribution is used
in healthcare or research.
5. Transformations
o Describe how to transform a normal distribution into a standard
normal distribution.
Chi-Square Test (5 Questions)
6. Definition and Types
o What is a Chi-Square test? Explain its types: goodness-of-fit test and
test for independence.
7. Applications
o Discuss two examples where a Chi-Square test is applied in public
health or social sciences.
8. Assumptions
o What are the assumptions for performing a Chi-Square test?

9. Degrees of Freedom
o Explain the concept of degrees of freedom in a Chi-Square test. How
is it calculated?
10.Limitations
o Discuss the limitations of the Chi-Square test.

Confidence Interval (CI) (5 Questions)

11.Definition and Interpretation
o What is a confidence interval? How do you interpret a 95%
confidence interval?
12.Construction
o Outline the steps to construct a confidence interval for the
population mean when the population standard deviation is known.
13.Factors Affecting CI
o Explain how sample size, variability, and confidence level affect the
width of a confidence interval.
14.Use Cases
o Discuss two situations in public health or research where confidence
intervals are more informative than point estimates.
15.Margin of Error
o What is the margin of error in a confidence interval? How is it
calculated?