Chemsheets GCSE 1123 Metal Extraction 1

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METAL EXTRACTION 1

WHERE DO METALS COME FROM? Most


Strong
reactive bonds in Hard to
Only a few metals are found as elements on Earth – these are the compounds extract
least reactive metals (e.g. gold, platinum) Potassium
ELECTROLYSIS
Most metals are produced by chemical reactions (“extracted”) from Sodium
compounds found in rocks (e.g. aluminium is produced from (ELECTRICAL DECOMPOSITION)
Calcium
aluminium oxide found in bauxite).
Magnesium Pass an electric current though the molten
compound
Aluminium
METAL ORES
Carbon
if a metal can be extracted for profit from the compounds in a rock,
then the rock is called on ore. Zinc
Chromium

REDUCTION Iron DISPLACEMENT USING CARBON


Nickel
Heat the compound with carbon, The carbon
Reduction = loss of oxygen and/or gain of electrons. Tin displaces the less reactive metal
Most ores contain METAL OXIDES. To extract the metal from the Lead
metal oxide, the oxygen is removed. Reactions that remove oxygen Copper
are called reduction reactions.
e.g. Al2O3 → Al Mercury THERMAL DECOMPOSITION
Silver Heat compound – it decomposes to form the metal
However, when all metals are extracted, metal ions in the
compounds gain electrons to form metal atoms. This means that all
extraction reactions involve reduction. Gold ALREADY ELEMENTS
+ – Platinum Weak Found as elements – don’t need to extract
e.g. NaCl → Na (Na + e → Na) Easy to
bonds in
extract
compounds
Least
reactive

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 23-April-2018 Chemsheets GCSE 1123


Questions

1) Most metals are extracted from ores.


3) One method of extracting zinc involves the reaction of zinc oxide with
a) Why does gold not need to be extracted from ores? carbon. Explain, both in terms of oxygen and electrons, why this extraction
is involves reduction.
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b) Iron is extracted from an ore. What is an ore? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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4) Lead is extracted by the reduction of lead oxide by heating with carbon:
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PbO + C → Pb + CO
2) Calcium is extracted from calcium chloride by electrolysis.
a) Explain why lead can be extracted by heating with carbon.
a) Explain why calcium cannot be extracted by heating calcium chloride with
carbon. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………… b) Explain why this is a redox reaction.

b) Explain why this extraction involves a reduction reaction. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 23-April-2018 Chemsheets GCSE 1123

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