MATERI RC LPDP 09-10-2020

TOEFL PREPARATION COURSE READING
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
Pertemuan online, Kamis, 09 April 2020

SKILL 8. FIND DEFINITIONS FROM STRUCTURAL CLUES
This section is to explore (1) the passage provides information about the meaning of the
word, and (2) a structural clues the definition a word included in the passage.
To identify these questions of Find Definitions From Structural Clues according to the
statement form of questions as:
 What is …?
 What is the meaning of …?
 What is true about…?
How to answer those questions above:
1. Find the word in the passage.
2. Locate any structural clues.
3. Read the part of the passage after the structural clues.
4. Eliminate the definitely wrong answer and choose the best answer from the
remaining choices.
Penjelasan:
1. Pertanyaan kosa kata pada tes TOEFL jenis Find Definitions From Structural
Clues merupakan jenis pertanyaan yang meminta defnisi.
2. Jenis pertanyaan ini umumnya muncul dengan bentuk pertanyaan, What is …?,
What is the meaning of …?, dan What is true about…?
3. Jawaban jenis pertanyaan ini bisa ditemukan sesudah tanda baca, pernyataan
penghubung, pernyataan contoh sesudah kata tersebut ditanyakan.
3.1. Tanda baca, misalnya koma (,), tanda penghubung (-), garis putus-putus (---).
3.2. Pernyataan penghubung, misalnya or, that is, in other words, dan lain-lain.
3.3. Pernyataan contoh, misalnya such as, for example, like, dan lain-lain.
4. Jawaban jenis pertanyaan ini umumnya muncul pada penjelasan sesudah kata
tersebut ditanyakan.
EXAMPLE OF FIND DEFINITIONS FROM STRUCTURAL CLUES

One of the leading schools of psychological thought in the twentieth century is
behaviorism-the belief that the role of the psychologist is to study behavior, which is
observable, rather than conscious or unconscious thought, which is not. Probably the
best-known proponent of behaviorism is B.F. Skinner, who is famous for his research on
how reward and punishment influence behavior. He came to believe that positive
reinforcements such as praise, food, or money were more effective in promoting good
behavior than negative reinforcements, or punishment.
1. In behaviorism in line 2, a psychologist is concerned with
A. conscious thought patterns.
B. unconscious thought patterns.
C. observable actions.
D. unobservable actions.
Penjelasan: Jawaban yang benar adalah C. observable actions, perhatikan sesudah
kata behaviorism ada tanda (-) dan sesudah tanda tersebut adalah jawaban
dari pertanyaan, yakni observable actions. Perhatikan behaviorism-the belief
that the role of the psychologist is to study behavior, which is observable
… JELAS PENJELASAN SAYA.
2. What is “positive reinforcements” in line 5-6?

A. A gift
B. A reward
C. A bribe
D. A penalty
Penjelasan: Jawaban yang benar adalah B. A reward, perhatikan sesudah kata positive
reinforcements ada kata such dan sesudah tanda such tersebut adalah
jawaban dari pertanyaan, yakni a reward. Perhatikan positive reinforcements
such as praise. Kata praise sama reward yang bermakna hadiah. JELAS
PENJELASAN SAYA.
3. What is “negative reinforcements” in line 7?

A. A promotion
B. A reward
C. A surprise
D. A punishment
Penjelasan: Jawaban yang benar adalah D. A punishment, perhatikan sesudah kata
negative reinforcements ada tanda baca koma (,) pernyataan penghubung
(or) dan sesudah tanda (,) kata penghubung (or) tersebut adalah jawaban
dari pertanyaan, yakni a punishment. Perhatikan negative reinforcements, or
punishment. JELAS PENJELASAN SAYA.
SKILL 9. DETERMINING MEANING FROM WORDS PARTS

Determining Meaning from Words Parts question ask to determine the meaning of the
word by studying the word parts.
Penjelasan:
1. Pertanyaan Determining Meaning from Words Parts dalam tes TOEFL merupakan
jenis pertanyaan yang meminta kesetaraan informasi dengan kata yang
ditanyakan dari patahan kata.
2. Contoh kesetaraan informasi dari patahan kata dalam kelompok kata, yakni:
 contra - against - contrast
 mal - bad - malcontent
 mis - error - mistake
 multi - many - multiple
 tri - three - triple
 dic - say - dictate
 terr - earth - territory
 dan lain-lain.
3. Menjawab kesetaraan informasi dari patahan kata yang ditanyakan tetap
mengacu pada ide yang dibahas dalam wacana.
EXAMPLE OF DETERMINING MEANING FROM WORDS PARTS

Ring Lardner himself was born into a wealthy, educated, and cultured family. For the bulk
of his career, he worked as a reporter for newspapers in South Bend, Boston, St. Louis,
and Chicago. However, it is for his short stories of lower middle-class Americans that
Ring Lardner is perhaps best known. In these stories, Lardner vividly creates the
language and the ambiance of this lower class, often using the misspelled words,
grammatical errors, and incorrect diction that typified the language of the lower middle-
class.
1. The word “vividly” in line 4 is closet in meaning to
A. in a cultured way
B. in a correct way
C. in a lifelike way
D. in a brief way
Penjelasan: Jawaban yang benar adalah C. in a lifelike way, perhatikan kesetaraan
informasi kata vividly dari patahan kata viv yang berarti life dan wacana ini
memang membahas tentang kehidupan Ring Lardner. JELAS
PENJELASAN SAYA.
2. The word “misspelled” in line 5 is closet in meaning to

A. highly improper
B. vulgar
C. incorrectly written
D. slang
Penjelasan: Jawaban yang benar adalah C. incorrectly written, perhatikan kesetaraan
informasi kata mis dari patahan kata in yang berarti error. Makna dari mis,
in, error adalah sama, yakni kesalahan. JELAS PENJELASAN SAYA.
3. The word “diction” in line 6 is closet in meaning to

A. writing
B. sentence structure
C. form
D. speech
Penjelasan: Jawaban yang benar adalah D. speech, perhatikan kesetaraan informasi
kata diction adalah patahan kata dic yang berarti speak/speech. Dalam
pelajaran di sekolah ketika guru mendikte (diction), maka itu artinya guru
sedang berbicara (speech). JELAS PENJELASAN SAYA.
------------------ GOOD LUCK -----------------

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TOEFL PREPARATION COURSE READING

Pertemuan online, Kamis, 09 April 2020

EXAMPLE OF FIND DEFINITIONS FROM STRUCTURAL CLUES

2. What is “positive reinforcements” in line 5-6?

3. What is “negative reinforcements” in line 7?

SKILL 9. DETERMINING MEANING FROM WORDS PARTS

EXAMPLE OF DETERMINING MEANING FROM WORDS PARTS

2. The word “misspelled” in line 5 is closet in meaning to

3. The word “diction” in line 6 is closet in meaning to

------------------ GOOD LUCK -----------------

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