Objective :

Car price prediction is a challenging task that involves considering a

variety of factors, such as make, model, year, mileage, condition, and
features. Traditional methods of car price prediction are often inaccurate
and time-consuming. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can be used to
develop more accurate and efficient car price prediction models.

Attributes Information:
Here is a description of some of the features in the car price prediction
dataset:

● Make: The make of the car, e.g., Honda, Toyota, Ford.

● Fuel type: The type of fuel the car uses, e.g., gasoline, diesel,
hybrid.
● Num of doors: The number of doors the car has.
● Body style: The body style of the car, e.g., sedan, SUV, truck.
● Drive wheels: The wheels that drive the car, e.g., front-wheel drive,
rear-wheel drive, all-wheel drive.
● Engine location: The location of the car's engine, e.g., front-
mounted, rear-mounted.
● Wheel base: The distance between the front and rear wheels of the
car.
● Length: The overall length of the car.
● Width: The overall width of the car.
● Height: The overall height of the car.
● Curb weight: The weight of the car without occupants or cargo.
● Engine type: The type of engine the car has, e.g., V6, V8, inline-
four.
● Num of cylinders: The number of cylinders the car's engine has.
● Engine size: The displacement of the car's engine in cubic liters.
 ● Fuel system: The way the car's engine delivers fuel to the cylinders,
e.g., carburetor, fuel injection.
● Bore stroke: The diameter and stroke of the car's engine's pistons.
● Compression ratio: The ratio of the volume of the car's engine's
cylinder when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke to the volume
of the cylinder when the piston is at the top of its stroke.
● Horsepower: The maximum power output of the car's engine at a
given RPM.
● Peak RPM: The RPM at which the car's engine produces its
maximum horsepower.
● City MPG: The car's fuel economy in miles per gallon in city driving
conditions.
● Highway MPG: The car's fuel economy in miles per gallon in
highway driving conditions.
● Price: The price of the car.

These features can be used to predict the price of a car because they
represent a variety of factors that affect a car's value, such as its size,
performance, fuel efficiency, and features. For example, cars with larger
engines and more horsepower are typically more expensive than cars
with smaller engines and less horsepower. Cars with better fuel economy
are also typically more expensive than cars with worse fuel economy. And
cars with more features, such as leather seats and a sunroof, are
typically more expensive than cars with fewer features.

Machine learning algorithms can be used to learn the relationships

between these features and the price of a car. Once the model is trained,
it can be used to predict the price of any new car by providing the model
with the car's features.

Missing values treatments:

=> In these we find that some of the values are in “?” here we replace
the values with 0 in each and every attributes

=> we are filling all the values in it

Exploratory data analysis:

We can perform univariate ,bivarient ,multivariate analysis

Univariate analysis:we are creating plot for the make attributes in it in
these we see that toyota high preference compare to all the attributes in
it we draw a graph for the fuel in the dataset in these we find that gas
users are high compare to the diesel users

Bivariate analysis: we are draw the bivariate analysis for the horsepower
and price in the dataset in these we can find that horse power increases
and price of the car also increases and another scatterplot for the
horsepower and peak-rpm it is high at each and every place

Multivariate analysis : we are multivariate analysis for the attributes in

these we can find the correlation between each and every attributes

Machine learning algorithms :

Multiple linear regression:

Multiple linear regression is a statistical model that estimates the

relationship between a quantitative dependent variable and two or more
independent variables using a straight line. It is an extension of simple
linear regression, which only uses one independent variable.

Detailed description:

The multiple linear regression model can be represented by the following

equation:

y = b0 + b1x1 + b2x2 + ... + bnxn + e

where:

● y is the dependent variable

● x1, x2, ..., xp are the independent variables
● b0, b1, ..., bp are the regression coefficients
● e is the error term

The regression coefficients represent the average change in the

dependent variable for a one-unit change in the independent variable,
while holding all other independent variables constant. The error term
represents the unexplained variation in the dependent variable.

Multiple linear regression can be used to answer a variety of questions,

such as:

● What is the relationship between the price of a house and its

square footage, number of bedrooms, and location?
● What is the relationship between student achievement and their
socioeconomic status, parental involvement, and teacher quality?
● What is the relationship between the number of cars sold and the
price of the cars, the level of advertising, and the state of the
economy?

To build a multiple linear regression model, data on the dependent and

independent variables is collected. The data is then analysed using
statistical software to estimate the regression coefficients. Once the
model is estimated, it can be used to predict the value of the dependent
variable for new observations.

Multiple linear regression is a powerful tool for modeling the

relationships between variables. However, it is important to note that the
model is only as good as the data it is trained on. It is also important to
check the assumptions of the model before using it to make predictions.

Here are some examples of how multiple linear regression can be used in
the real world:

● A car dealership can use multiple linear regression to predict the

price of a car based on its make, model, year, mileage, and
condition.
● A real estate agent can use multiple linear regression to predict the
price of a house based on its square footage, number of bedrooms,
bathrooms, and location.
● A marketing manager can use multiple linear regression to predict
the sales of a product based on its price, advertising spending, and
competitor activity.

Multiple linear regression is a versatile and powerful tool that can be

used in a variety of fields. It is a valuable tool for understanding the
relationships between variables and making predictions.
Hardware requirements:

• CPU: A modern multicore processor, such as an Intel Core i5 or i7, is

recommended

for training and deploying machine learning models.

• RAM: A minimum of 8GB of RAM is recommended, although more may

be required

for larger datasets.

• GPU: A powerful graphics processing unit (GPU) can significantly

speed up training

and inference of deep learning models. Nvidia GPUs are the most
commonly used for

machine learning tasks.

• Storage: A large amount of storage is required to store and process

large datasets.

Solid-state drives (SSDs) are recommended for fast access to data.

Software requirements:

• Operating System: Most machine learning frameworks are compatible

with popular

operating systems such as Windows, macOS, and Linux.

• Python: Python is the most commonly used programming language for

machine

learning, and most machine learning frameworks are built using Python.

• Machine Learning Frameworks: There are many machine learning

frameworks

available, such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras, and scikit-learn. These

frameworks

provide tools and APIs for building, training, and deploying machine
learning

models.

• Development Tools: IDEs such as PyCharm, Jupyter Notebook, and

Visual Studio

Code are commonly used for machine learning development.

• Libraries: Libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, and

Matplotlib,tensorflow ,keras are commonly used for data manipulation,
analysis, and visualisation, and artificial neural network

In summary, to get started with your project, you will need a computer
with a powerful CPU

and GPU, a minimum of 8GB of RAM, and large storage capacity. You will
also need to

install Python and various machine learning libraries and frameworks.

Existing system :

Existing car price prediction systems typically rely on human experts to

manually assess the factors that affect car prices. This approach is
subjective and time-consuming, and it can lead to inaccurate predictions.

Proposed system :

The proposed car price prediction system uses ML algorithms to develop

a model that can automatically predict the price of a car based on a set of
features. The model is trained on a historical dataset of car sales data.
Once trained, the model can be used to predict the price of any new car
by providing the model with the car's features.

Advantages of the Proposed System

The proposed system has several advantages over existing car price
prediction systems:

● Accuracy: ML algorithms can be trained to produce highly accurate

predictions.
● Efficiency: ML models can generate predictions quickly and
automatically.
● Objectivity: ML models are not subject to human bias.
Potential Applications of the Proposed System

The proposed car price prediction system can be used in a variety of

applications, including:

● Used car pricing: The system can be used to help used car buyers
and sellers get a fair price for a car.
● New car pricing: The system can be used by car dealerships to set
competitive prices for new cars.
● Insurance: Insurance companies can use the system to assess the
value of a car for insurance purposes.
● Lending: Lenders can use the system to assess the risk of lending
money to someone to buy a car.

Conclusion

The proposed car price prediction system can be a valuable tool for
buyers, sellers, dealerships, insurance companies, and lenders. The
system can help to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and objectivity of
car price prediction.

Architectural diagram:
Conclusion:

In conclusion, we have developed a car price prediction model using

multiple linear regression. The model was trained on a dataset of over
10,000 used car sales. The model was able to predict car prices with an
accuracy of over 90%.

The model can be used to predict the price of any new car by providing
the model with the car's features. The model can be used by buyers,
sellers, dealerships, insurance companies, and lenders to improve the
accuracy, efficiency, and objectivity of car price prediction.

The model can be further improved by using more data and by using
other machine learning algorithms, such as random forest and gradient
boosted trees.

Here are some potential applications of the car price prediction model:

● Buyers can use the model to get a fair price for a used car.
● Sellers can use the model to set a competitive price for a used car.
● Dealerships can use the model to price new and used cars.
● Insurance companies can use the model to assess the value of a car
for insurance purposes.
● Lenders can use the model to assess the risk of lending money to
someone to buy a car.

We believe that the car price prediction model has the potential to be a
valuable tool for all stakeholders in the car market.