CH1-6 Formula Sheet

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Chapter 3: Describing Data Numerically

Σx i
 Mean:
n
Σ ( xi −x̄ )2
 Variance (Sample): Var(X) = , Σ = sum, xi = individual values, x̄ = sample mean
(n−1)

Σ ( xi −μ)2
 Variance (Population): Var(X) = , μ = population mean
N

 Standard Deviation: SD(X) =√ Var (X ) x

SD
 Coefficient of Variation: CV = × 100
Mean

 Interquartile Range: IQR = Q3 - Q1

Chapter 4: Probability Concepts


 Addition Rule: P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B), ∪ = union, ∩ = intersection
 Conditional Probability: P(A | B) = P(A ∩ B) / P(B)
 Bayes' Theorem: P(A | B) = [P(B | A) * P(A)] / P(B

Chapter 5: Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distributions


 Expected Value: E(X) = Σx ×P(x), P(x) = probability of x
 Variance of Discrete Variable: Var(X) = Σ(x - E(X))2 ×P(x),
n n n!
 Binomial Probability Formula: P(X = x) = C ×px × (1 - p)(n - x), C =
x x x ! ( n−x ) !

(λ ¿ ¿ x × e(− λ ))
 Poisson Probability Formula: P(X = x) = ¿, λ = mean number of events, x! = factorial of x
x!

C K ×C N −K
x n−x
 Hypergeometric Probability Formula: P(X = x) = , K = number of successes in population
C N
n

Chapter 6: Continuous Random Variables and Probability Distributions


1
 PDF for Uniform Distribution: f(x) = , for a ≤ x ≤ b, a and b = interval limits
(b−a)

(a +b)
 Expected Value for Uniform Distribution: E(X) =
2

( b – a) 2
 Variance for Uniform Distribution: Var(X) =
12
1 ¿ ¿¿
 PDF for Normal Distribution: f(x) = ( )× e ¿, μ = mean, σ = sd
√ (2 π σ ¿¿ 2)¿

( X −μ)
 Standard Normal Distribution (Z-Score): Z = , Z = standard score, X = value, μ = mean, σ = sd
σ

 PDF for Exponential Distribution: f(x) = λ ×e(-λx), for x ≥ 0, λ = rate parameter

1
 Expected Value for Exponential Distribution: E(X) =
λ

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