Data Governance

Defined

Katherine Downing,
Vice President AHIMA

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 Objectives for this Session
• Define Data Governance
• Examine the urgent drivers for Data Governance
• Describe DG key functions, including master data
and metadata management
• Initiate planning for enterprise data governance

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 More:
Data Everywhere • Applications
• Medical Devices
• Consumer Devices
• Systems

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 What is Data?
• The dates, numbers, images,
symbols, letters, and words that
represent basic facts and
observations about people
processes, measurements, and
conditions
• Raw facts without meaning or
context

American Health Information Management Association. Pocket Glossary of Health Information

Management and Technology. 5th Edition. AHIMA Press. 2017.

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 Data Continues Expand
• Dark Data
• Non-relational data stores
• Blockchain
• Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
• Data Lakes
• And many others

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 Value of Data

Data in its raw form is of limited value. It

needs to be processed in a meaningful way
to create information that would be
relevant to a situation.

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 Defining Information Governance

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AHIMA’s
Information
Governance
Adoption Model
(IGAM™)

➢ 10 competencies
➢ 75+ maturity markers
➢ 1 IG program
➢ All of healthcare

©2018 IGAM™ is available through www.IGHealthRate.com

 WHAT IS DATA GOVERNANCE (DG)?

Data Governance (DG) provides for the design and execution of

data needs planning and data quality assurance in concert with
the strategic information needs of the organization. Data
Governance includes data modeling, data mapping, data audit,
data quality controls, data quality management, data
architecture, and data dictionaries.

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 Why Data Governance?

“If we lose, can’t find, can’t understand, or can’t integrate

valuable enterprise data or if it is of questionable quality-
the maximum value of the data is not realized, leading to a
loss of business insight or sub-optimal operations. At the
end of the day, we govern data not for the sake of the data,
but for the sake of the business!!”

– Pete Stiglich

http://blogs.perficient.com/healthcare/blog/2012/06/12/data-governance-vs-data-management/

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 DATA GOVERNANCE
Master Data Metadata
Management Management

Data
Classification

Data Quality

INFORMATION
Data
Standards

DATA INPUTS and

Definitions
OUTPUTS

INFORMATION
STRATEGY OPERATIONS CLINICAL CARE INDUSTRY DEMANDS

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 The Flood of BIG DATA

In the world of “Big Data,” the five Vs summarize the changing habits of
data as it is exponentially increasing. The five Vs also emphasize the
reasons why information governance is more important now than ever.
The five Vs include: Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity and Value.

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 Project Prioritization if Funding is
Available

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 What Data Are We Governing?

https://www.healthcatalyst.com/demystifying-healthcare-data-governance

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 What Are Some DG Initiatives
Key Functional Components of DG
• Master Data Management
• Metadata Management
• Data Quality Management
• Data Architecture

Other Key DG Initiatives

• Data Cleansing (Scrubbing)
• Data Transformation
• Data Mapping
• Data Classification
• Data Definitions

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 Types of Master Data

Party Data
•Individuals or organizations
•Includes employees, patients, providers, companies, vendors
•MPI Example – Manages master data related to patients

Financial •Data about business units, cost centers, and accounts

•Used in accounts payable, payroll and materials management

Master Data •Cost Center Example – Includes cost center name, cost center code, description

Product Master •Describe an organization’s products

•Includes data about components making up a product

Data •Product Example – product and service identification codes, description, price,
manufacturer information

Location •Describes data about the location of an organization’s customers, suppliers and others
•Includes postal codes, latitude, longitude, geopolitical boundaries, and sales territory

Master Data •Location Master Example – Critical in terms of public health and surveillance of disease
and health hazards

http://library.ahima.org/doc?oid=106378#.WX9A1IffN-Z

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 Metadata Management

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 Types of Metadata
Application •Crea ted by the a pplication specific to the ESI being addressed, embedded i n the file, and moved
wi th the file when copied.
•Copyi ng may a lter a pplication metadata.

Metadata •Exa mples i nclude patient a ccount number, patient last name, patient first name, date of
a dmission.

Document •Properti es about the file stored i n the file, as opposed to stored i n the document content.
•Often this data is not i mmediately vi ewable i n the software application used to create/edit the
documentation, but ca n generally be seen i n “Properties” vi ew.

Metadata •Exa mples i nclude a uthor, company, creation/revision dates.

File System •Generated by the system to track the demographics (name, s ize, l ocation, usage, etc) of the ESI

Metadata tha t a re stored externally from, ra ther than embedded within, the ESI.

Embedded •Generally hidden, but an i ntegral part of ESI.

•Some metadata may be extra cted during processing and conversion for eDiscovery, embedded
da ta may not be.

Metadata •Ma y onl y be available in the original, native file.

•Exa mples i nclude “tra ck changes” or “comments” in Word document, or “notes” i n PowerPoint.

http://library.ahima.org/doc?oid=106378#.WX9A1IffN-Z

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 Data Quality Management

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 Data Quality Terms
• Data Quality Management: The business processes that
ensure the integrity of an organization's data during
collection, application (including aggregation),
warehousing, and analysis.
• Data Quality Measurement: A quality measure is a
mechanism to assign a quantity to quality of care by
comparison to a criterion. Quality measurements
typically focus on structures or processes of care that
have a demonstrated relationship to positive health
outcomes and are under the control of the healthcare
system.
http://library.ahima.org/doc?oid=105607#.WYCESoffN-Y

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 AHIMA’s Data Quality Management Model

Application: The purpose for the data

collection
Collection: The processes by which data
elements are accumulated
Warehousing: Processes and systems
used to archive data
Analysis: The process of translating data
into meaningful information

http://library.ahima.org/doc?oid=105607#.WYCESoffN-Y

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 Data Architecture

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 Other Key DG Initiatives
• Data Cleansing (Scrubbing)
• Data Transformation
• Data Mapping
• Data Modeling
• Data Classifications
• Data Standards
• Data Definitions

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 Data Cleansing (Scrubbing)
• The process of amending or removing data in
a database; it’s incorrect, incomplete,
improperly formatted, or duplicated.

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 Data Cleansing (Scrubbing)
Sources and Causes of Poor Data 5 Simple Data Scrubbing Steps
Quality for Your Team
1. Older systems with 1. Determine at least one area in your
business with a data quality problem.
obsolete data. 2. Enlist the participation of top
2. Inaccurate data entry management by demonstrating
(good, old-fashioned business benefits due to data quality
improvements.
human error). 3. Review current data quality in the
3. Too many databases and “target” area.
channels to maintain 4. Use data scrubbing software and other
properly. data scrubbing tools to produce a
sample report about the current data
4. Lack of coding standards. quality in the target area.
5. Within your various teams, find “Data
5. Simple errors like missing Quality Champions” to lead the way by
data in database fields. spreading awareness and
communicating both big and small
achievements in improving data quality.
https://www.dataentryoutsourced.com/blog/how-to-improve-business-intelligence-with-data-scrubbing/
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 Data Transformation
• The process of converting data or information
from one format to another, usually from the
format of a source system into the
requirement of a new destination system.

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 Data Mapping
• Data mapping involves "matching" between
a source and a target. Can be unidirectional
or bidirectional.

A B

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 Data Modeling
• The process of determining the users’
information needs and identifying
relationships among the data.

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 IG Executive Training Video

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 Questions?

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