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    of 5

    Air standard Cycle

    Q1. A spark-ignition engine working on ideal Otto cycle has the compression ratio 6.
    The initial pressure and temperature of air are 1 bar and 37 ◦C. The maximum
    pressure in the cycle is 30 bar. For unit mass flow, calculate (i) p, V and T at various
    salient points of the cycle and (ii) the ratio of heat supplied to the heat rejected.
    Assume γ = 1.4 and R = 8.314 kJ/kmol K.

    Answers: (i) V 1= 0.889 m 3, p2=12.3 bar, V 2= 0.148 m 3, T 2= 361.8° C, p3=30


    bar, T 3= 1275° C, p4 =2.44bar, T 4= 483.4 ° C, (ii) the ratio of heat supplied to
    the heat rejected=2.04

    Q2. An ideal diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and uses air as the working
    fluid. The state of air at the beginning of the compression process is 95 kPa and
    20°C. If the maximum temperature in the cycle is not to exceed 2200 K, determine
    (a) the thermal efficiency and (b) the mean effective pressure. Assume constant
    specific heats for air at room temperature.
    Ans
    wers: (a) 63.5 percent, (b) 933 kPa
    Q3. A Diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and cut-off takes place at 5% of
    the stroke. Find
    the air-standard efficiency. Assume γ = 1.4.

    Ans: 64.9%
    Q4. Determine the ideal efficiency of the diesel engine having a cylinder with bore
    250 mm, stroke
    375 mm and a clearance volume of 1500 cc, with fuel cut-off occurring at 5% of
    the stroke.
    Assume γ = 1.4 for air.
    Ans:60.52%

    Q5. Air is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal Brayton cycle that has a
    pressure ratio of 12, a compressor inlet temperature of 300 K, and a turbine inlet
    temperature of 1000 K. Determine the required mass flow rate of air for a net power
    output of 70 MW, assuming both the compressor and the turbine have an isentropic
    efficiency of (a) 100 percent and (b) 85 percent. Assume constant specific heats at
    room temperature.
    A
    nswers: (a) 352 kg/s, (b) 1037 kg/s

    Exergy
    Q6. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 6 MPa, 600° C, and 80 m/s and leaves at 50
    kPa, 100° C, and 140 m/s. If the power output of the turbine is 5 MW, determine (a)
    the reversible power output and (b) the second-law efficiency of the turbine.
    Assume the surroundings to be at 25° C

    Answe
    rs: (a) 5.81 MW, (b) 86.1 percent
    Q7

    Answers: (i) 103.81


    kJ & 600.8 kJ, (ii) 573.54 kJ
    Q8

    Answers: 96.2 %

    Vapor Power Cycle


    Q9. Consider a 210-MW steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine
    cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 5 00° C and is cooled in the condenser
    at a pressure of 10 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation
    lines, and determine (a) the quality of the steam at the turbine exit, (b) the thermal
    efficiency of the cycle, and (c) the mass flow rate of the steam.
    Answers: (a) 0.793,
    (b) 40.2 percent, (c) 165 kg/s
    Q10.
    Answers: (a) 0.369,
    (b) 369 MT/h
    Q11.

    Answers: (i) 0.767,


    (ii) 373.1 kJ/kg, (iii) 0.147, (iv) 176.33 m2
    Q12.

    Answers: (i) 14 bar,


    (ii) 43 %
    Q13.

    Answers: 136.48
    kW, 61.35 kW

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