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Unit 4 AMSCO Part 1

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18 views3 pages

Unit 4 AMSCO Part 1

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jewettlondon
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© © All Rights Reserved
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AP Euro | Unit Four “Scientific, Philosophical, and Political Developments” from c. 1648 to c.

1815”
Reading Guide

4.2 The Scientific Revolution


Objective Key Developments

Explain how The Scientific Method


understanding of A. How does the scientific method, in its conception (the idea of it), differ from that which came before it?
the natural world
developed and Two Types of Reasoning
changed during the B. Explain the process behind Francis Bacon’s idea of encouraging scientists to build their knowledge on the
Scientific foundation of inductive reasoning.
Revolution and
Enlightenment. C. Explain the process behind René Descartes’ idea of encouraging scientists to build their knowledge on the
foundation of deductive reasoning.

Similarities and Differences Between Inductive and Deductive Reasoning


Similarities Differences

● ●
Developing the Scientific Method
D. How does Isaac Newton further develop the landscape of the scientific world?

E. Explain how natural laws function.

Observation-Based Science
New Ideas in Astronomy
F. Detail the evolution of astronomy from oldest to newest. Be sure to include scientists who transform the field
along the way.

F1. Why does Galileo represent the final stop for advancements in astronomy in this early period?

Anatomical and Medical Discoveries


G. Explain how Galen starts the progression of anatomy and medicine for humans.

G1. How does Paracelsus build off of Galen?

G2. How does William Harvey advance and correct the knowledge of anatomy up to this point?

Persistence of Traditional Views


H. Why would scientists and common people alike continue to hold onto traditional explanations of the world like
alchemy and astrology?
UNIT 4.3| The Enlightenment
Objective Key Developments

Explain the The Enlightenment


causes and A. How does the Enlightenment represent the same kind of change to the world that the Scientific Revolution
consequences of brought? How are they different?
Enlightenment
thought on Rational and Empirical Thought
European society Similarities and Differences Between Rationalism and Empiricism
from 1648 to
1815. Similarities Differences

● ●
B. Explain how these new forms of logic have a direct impact on religion.

The British Empiricists


C. Provide a summary of Thomas Hobbes’ ideology.

D. What are natural rights? How is this different from the outlook of humans prior to this concept?

E. Provide a breakdown of John Locke’s ideology.

F. Why do both Hobbes and Locke believe in the idea of a social contract, but where do they differ on the subject?

G. What is Locke’s idea behind tabula rasa, or the blank slate?

The French Philosophes


H. Explain Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s ideas and philosophy on government.

I. How is Mary Wollstonecraft a wild card during the Enlightenment? Why would this also make sense for the time
frame that is the Enlightenment?

J. What are Voltaire’s main complaints on human life and contributions to the Enlightenment?

K. What does Diderot do and why is it so important for the dissemination of information?

L. How does Montesquieu shape the future of governments?

M. What does Cesare Beccaria focus his work on?

M1. Opinion Question - What are your thoughts on torture to obtain information and capital punishments
for the worst crimes? Why?

Explain the Spread of Enlightenment Ideas


influence of A. What are the similarities and differences between how information and ideas are spread today compared to the
Enlightenment ways they were spread during the Enlightenment?
thought on
European The Growth of Civil Society
intellectual B. Explain why governments and institutions may try to censor or limit the spread of information during the
development from Enlightenment.
1648 to 1815.
Challenges of New Cultures
C. While the Enlightenment certainly pushed boundaries for the ways Europeans looked at each other, in what
categories does the Enlightenment fall short?

Religion and Toleration


Natural Religion and New Ideas
D. How is deism different from the traditional outlook on God?

E. Where does the ideology of atheism stem from? Why do you think it picked up steam during the Enlightenment?

F. Does skepticism represent a natural progression and evolution of the Enlightenment? Why or why not.

An Emphasis on Private Revelation


G. Religion fires back during the Enlightenment. In what ways does religion respond to the changes happening as a
result of the Enlightenment?
Mercantilism During the Enlightenment
H. How does mercantilism fair during the Enlightenment?

The Challenge of New Economic Theories


I. Who helps contribute to changes to economic theories? How do they do it? Excluding Adam Smith.

J. What are Adam Smith’s major contributions to economic thought?

J1. How does capitalism work in the mind of Adam Smith?

UNIT 4.6| Enlightened and Other Approaches to Power


Objective Key Developments

Explain how Enlightened and Other Approaches to Power


different forms of Challenges to Absolutism
political power A. Quick recap of what absolutism is and two (2) examples of absolute monarchs from a previous unit and how we
were influenced know they were absolute monarchs.
by Enlightenment
thought from Enlightened Absolutism
1648 to 1815. B. How do natural rights throw a change in the system of absolutism?

C. How do enlightened monarchs utilize absolutism while simultaneously embracing the new ideas of the
Enlightenment?

Explain how and 18th-Century Monarchs


why political and Prussia Gains Power
religious A. How did Frederick William I begin the process of Prussian unification?
developments
challenged or B. When compared to his father, how does Frederick II fully embody the prospect of being an enlightened
reinforced the monarch?
idea of a unified
Europe from 1648 C. Ultimately Frederick II sides more with the nobility of the masses. What reasons would Frederick II have for this
to 1815. decision?

Reforms in Austria
D. What is Maria Theresa’s impact on Austria?

E. Why would a monarch like Joseph II decide on freedoms like freedom for the press, religious freedom for all
religions, etc?

A New Toleration
F. How do natural rights play into the wave of religious toleration that flooded over Europe in the 18th century?

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