Recent Trends in Computer and Information Technology

Kiran Patil, Nikhil Wagh

Department of Computer Engineering,

Sir Dr.M.S.Gosavi Polytechnic institute NashikRoad ,Nashik -101

Abstract :- 21st century has been defined by application of and advancement in information technology.
Information technology has become an integral part of our daily life. Information technology has served as
a big change agent in different aspect of business and society. It has proven game changer in resolving
economic and social issues. Information technology has been one of the most encouraging research areas
throughout the globe over the past two decades. From commerce and government to scientific discovery,
healthcare, education, entertainment, and environmental management, information technology is
indispensable and will continue to fuel further advances in all facets of human endeavours. The focus is
mainly on the intelligent computing techniques as well as the emerging applications of information
technology. Its aim is to unify the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral
concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research
with applications.

Introduction: - In today's fast-paced world, 5.Blockchain.

computer and information technology are evolving
6. Quantum Computing
rapidly, changing the way we live, work, and
interact. These advancements are not just about
faster computers or more advanced gadgets; they’re
about how technology is reshaping our daily lives
and creating new possibilities.

Recent trends in this field highlight several exciting

developments:

1.Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning

2.Cloud Computing

3. Internet of Things (IoT)

4. 5G Technology

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1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine 2. Cloud Computing: -
Learning: -
The concept of cloud computing dates back to the
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the field of 1960s when computer scientist John McCarthy
computer science focused on creating systems suggested that computing could be sold as a utility.
capable of performing tasks that typically require However, it wasn't until the early 2000s that cloud
human intelligence, such as understanding computing began to take shape as we know it today.
language, recognizing patterns, and making Amazon Web Services (AWS) launched its Elastic
decisions. Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI Compute Cloud (EC2) in 2006, marking the
that involves training algorithms on data to enable beginning of a new era.
them to learn from experience and improve their
The momentum of cloud computing has shifted
performance over time without being explicitly
towards managed infrastructure and managed
programmed for each task. Essentially, while AI
services.
encompasses the broad goal of creating intelligent
systems, ML provides the methods and techniques Deliver products Services.

for achieving that goal by leveraging data-driven • More Quickly

insights.
• More reliably
Recent advancements in neural networks and deep
learning have made artificial intelligence much
more powerful and versatile. Modern neural
networks, with their multiple layers, can learn and
recognize complex patterns in data, like identifying
objects in photos or understanding spoken language.
New types of models, like transformers, have
greatly improved how computers process and
generate text, making tasks like translation and
chatbots more effective. Generative models can
create realistic images and sounds, adding creativity
to AI. Additionally, improvements in training Working of Cloud Computing

techniques and hardware have sped up the learning

process and reduced costs. These breakthroughs are
making AI more capable and useful in everyday
applications.

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Trends in multi-cloud and hybrid cloud strategies actuators communicate with computing systems via
are shaping how organizations manage their IT wired (for example, Ethernet) or wireless (for
infrastructure. Multi-cloud strategies involve using example, Wi-Fi or cellular) networks these
services from multiple cloud providers, which helps computers can monitor or manage the health and
businesses avoid dependency on a single vendor actions of connected objects and machines.
and enables them to leverage the best features and
pricing from each provider. On the other hand,
hybrid cloud strategies combine private and public
clouds, allowing organizations to keep sensitive
data on private servers while taking advantage of
the scalability and flexibility of public clouds for
less critical tasks. Both approaches are gaining
traction as they offer greater flexibility, improved
disaster recovery options, and optimized
performance. As companies continue to adopt these
strategies, they are increasingly focusing on
Working of Internet of Things (IOT)
integrating and managing their cloud environments
efficiently, ensuring seamless data flow and security
across various platforms. With the rapid development of mobile internet
and Internet of Things applications, the
conventional centralized cloud computing is
3. Internet of Things (IOT): - encountering severe challenges, such as high
latency, low Spectral Efficiency (SE), and non-
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to physical
adaptive machine type of communication.
objects embedded with sensors that communicate
Motivated to solve these challenges, a new
with computers. The IoT enables the physical world
technology is driving a trend that shifts the function
to be digitally monitored or controlled. IoT uses a
of centralized cloud computing to edge devices of
variety of technologies to connect the digital and
networks. Several edge computing technologies
physical worlds. Physical objects can be embedded
originating from different backgrounds to decrease
with sensors and actuators. Sensors monitor things
latency, improve SE, and support the massive
like temperature or motion, or really any change in
machine type of communication have been
environment. Actuators receive signals from sensors
emerging.
and then react to the reported changes. Sensors and

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4. 5G Technology: -

5G—or fifth-generation wireless technology—is smart cities. However, the usage of smart devices is
powering the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Sure, 5G increasingly growing each year and the data traffic
is faster than 4G. But 5G is more than just (a lot) usage will be exponentially increasing These
faster: the connectivity made possible with 5G is constraints open the door for a new communication
significantly more secure and more stable than its system providing more capacity, extremely low
predecessors. Plus, 5G enables data to travel from latency, high data transmission, secure error-free
one place to another with a significantly shorter communication and fully wireless coverage.
delay between data submission and arrival—this
6G will be able to connect everything, integrate
delay is known as latency.
different technologies and applications, support
Here are a few big numbers from the International holographic, haptic, space and underwater
Telecommunications Union. 5G networks aim to communications and it will also support the Internet
deliver: of everything, Internet of Nano-Things and Internet
of Bodies
• 1,000 times higher mobile data volume per
area

• 100 times the number of connected devices

• 100 times higher user data rate

• ten times longer battery life for low-power

massive-machine communications

• five times reduced end-to-end latency

Almost every ten years, a new communication

system has been introduced, improving the QoS,
providing new features and introducing new
technologies. Although 5G is not officially launched
yet, researchers have turned their attention to 6G
communication system. The reason is that 5G
provides a high standard infrastructure enabling a
variety of technologies such as; self-driving cars,
AI, mobile broadband communication, IoT and

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Comparison Between 5G and 6G 5. Blockchain: -

blockchain is a technology that enables the secure

sharing of information. Data, obviously, is stored in
Characteristics 5G 6G
a database. Transactions are recorded in an account
3-300 book called a ledger. A blockchain is a type
Operating Frequency Up to 1THz
GHz of distributed database or ledger, which means the
power to update a blockchain is distributed between
Uplink Data Rate 10 Gbps 1 Tbps.
the nodes, or participants, of a public or private
computer network. This is known as distributed
Downlink Data Rate 20 Gbps 1 Tbps ledger technology (DLT). Nodes are rewarded with
digital tokens or currency to make updates to
blockchains.
Maximum Mobility 500 km/h 1000 km/h

Processing Delay 100 ns 10ns

Not Real-
Time Buffer Real Time
Time

Satellite Integration No Fully

AI Integration partially Fully Diagram of Blockchain

XR Integration partially Fully

The most common use of blockchain today is as the
backbone of cryptocurrencies,
Haptic Communication
partially Fully like Bitcoin or Ethereum. When people buy,
Integration
exchange or spend cryptocurrency, the transactions
Automation
partially Fully are recorded on a blockchain. The more people use
Integration
cryptocurrency, the more widespread blockchain
could become.

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Because cryptocurrencies are volatile, they are not away from trying to make do with noise as the field
yet used much to purchase goods and services. But gets ever more international in scope. But in 2023
that is changing as PayPal, Square and other money IBM launched the Heron processor, which have 133
service businesses make digital asset services qubits. Heron’s qubits will be of the highest quality.
broadly available to vendors and retail customers. And, crucially, each chip will be able to connect
directly to other Heron processors, heralding a shift
Beyond cryptocurrency, blockchain is being used to
from single quantum computing chips toward
process transactions in fiat currency, like dollars
“modular” quantum computers built from multiple
and euros. This could be faster than sending money
processors connected together—a move that is
through a bank or other financial institution as the
expected to help quantum computers scale up
transactions can be verified more quickly and
significantly.
processed outside of normal business hours.
Quantum computing holds incredible potential but
faces several significant challenges. One major
6. Quantum Computing: - hurdle is maintaining quantum coherence, as qubits

The field of quantum computing contains a range of the fundamental units of quantum information are

disciplines, including quantum hardware and highly sensitive to their environment and can easily

quantum algorithms. While still in development, lose their quantum state, leading to errors in

quantum technology will soon be able to solve calculations. Additionally, building and scaling

complex problems that supercomputers can’t solve, quantum computers requires sophisticated

or can’t solve fast enough. technology to control and stabilize qubits, often at
extremely low temperatures. Another challenge is
By taking advantage of quantum physics, fully
the development of effective quantum algorithms
realized quantum computers would be able to
and error correction methods, which are essential
process massively complicated problems at orders
for ensuring reliable and practical quantum
of magnitude faster than modern machines. For a
computations. Furthermore, the field requires
quantum computer, challenges that might take a
substantial investment in research and
classical computer thousands of years to complete
infrastructure, and there are concerns about the
might be reduced to a matter of minutes.
implications of quantum computing on
In 2023, progress in quantum computing will be cybersecurity, as it could potentially break current
defined less by big hardware announcements than encryption methods. Addressing these challenges is
by researchers consolidating years of hard work, crucial for realizing the full potential of quantum
getting chips to talk to one another, and shifting computing.

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Conclusion: -

Recent trends in computer and information https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/technology

technology are shaping our world in exciting ways. -media-and-telecommunications/our-

We’re seeing rapid advancements in areas like insights/shaping-the-future-of-6g

artificial intelligence, which is making computers 6) https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abb

smarter and more capable. Cloud computing is 2823
changing how we store and access data, offering
7) https://online.stanford.edu/future-blockchain-
more flexibility and efficiency. New developments
and-cryptocurrencies
in neural networks and deep learning are improving
how computers understand and process information. 8) https://chatgpt.com/
Meanwhile, the rise of multi-cloud and hybrid cloud
strategies is helping businesses manage their IT
resources more effectively. As technology continues
to evolve, it’s driving innovation, enhancing our
daily lives, and opening up new possibilities for the
future.

References: -

1) http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/
5)

2) https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2022/01/27/clou
d-trends-show-customers-increasing-investments-
in-hybrid-and-multicloud/

3) https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-
insights/mckinsey-explainers/what-is-the-internet-
of-things

4) https://thequantuminsider.com/2023/03/24/quantu
m-computing-challenges/

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