UCS751- SIMULATION AND MODELING

2024-2025 ODD SEMESTER

Name:- Avantika Raina Group: 4CO2/4C12 Roll no: 102283002

Submitted to: Dr Sanjeev Rao

Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology

(Deemed to be Univerisity)

Patiala, Punjab (147001)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Experiment No. 1

Print Hello World

Code:-

disp("Hello World")

Output:-
 Experiment No. 2

Arithmetic Operations (Addition, Subtraction, Division, Multiplication)

Code:-

a=input("Enter value of the first variable: ")

b=input("Enter value of the second variable: ")

sum = a + b;
difference = a - b;
product = a * b;
quotient = a / b;

// Display the results using string concatenation

disp("Sum: " + string(sum));
disp("Difference: " + string(difference));
disp("Product: " + string(product));
disp("Quotient: " + string(quotient));

Output:-
 Experiment No. 3

Variable Assignment

Code:-

a=10.2;
b=5;

name="Avantika";
greeting="Hello, World!";

complex_number=3 + 4*%i;

is_true=%T;
is_false=%F;

pi=3.14;
radius=5;
area=pi*radius*radius;
disp("Area of circle having radius 5 is",string(area));

array=[1,2,3,4,5,6];
matrix=[1,2,3;4,5,6];

Output:-
 Experiment No. 4

Square root of a number

Code:-

r=input("Enter any real number :")

disp("Square root of the number is",string(sqrt(r)));

Output:-
 Experiment No. 5

Area of circle (input radius)

Code:-

radius=input("Input the radius of the circle ");

disp("Area of the circle is",string(%pi*radius*radius));

Output:-
 Experiment No. 6

Greater of 2 numbers (Relational operators)

Code:-

//Get input from the user

a = input("Enter value of first number: (a)");
b = input("Enter value of second number (b)");

// Check if a is greater than b and convert numbers to strings for concatenation

if a > b then
disp(string(a) + " is greater than " + string(b));
elseif a < b then
disp(string(b) + " is greater than " + string(a));
else
disp(string(a) + " and " + string(b) + " are equal");
end

Output:-
 Experiment No. 7

Logical AND, OR, NOT

Code:-

// Assign boolean values to variables

a = %T;
b = %F;

// Logical AND operation

result_and = a & b;
disp("a AND b: ", result_and);

// Logical OR operation
result_or = a | b;
disp("a OR b: ", result_or);

// Logical NOT operation

result_not_a = ~a;
disp("NOT a: ", result_not_a);

Output:-
 Experiment No. 8

Bitwise AND, OR, XOR, SHIFT

Code:-

// Assign values to variables

a = 10;
b = 5;

// Bitwise AND
result_and = bitand(a, b);
disp("Bitwise AND: ", result_and);

// Bitwise OR
result_or = bitor(a, b);
disp("Bitwise OR: ", result_or);

// Bitwise XOR
result_xor = bitxor(a, b);
disp("Bitwise XOR: ", result_xor);

// Bitwise Complement
result_not_a = bitcmp(a);
disp("Bitwise NOT of a: ", result_not_a);

// Left Shift
function result=leftshift(x, n)
result=x* (2^n);
endfunction
result_left_shift = leftshift(a,1);
disp("Left Shift of a by 1: ", result_left_shift);

// Right Shift
function result=rightshift(x, n)
result = x/(2^n);
endfunction
result_right_shift = rightshift(a,1);
disp("Right Shift of a by 1: ", result_right_shift);
Output:-
 Experiment No. 9

Set operations

Code:-

A = [1 2 3 4];
B = [3 4 5 6];

C=union(A,B);
D=intersect(A,B);
E=setdiff(A,B);

F=[1 2 3 4 3 4 5 6];
G=unique(F);

disp(C,D,E,G);

Output:-
 Experiment No. 10

WAP to check whether a number is odd or even

Code:-

n=input("Enter the number you want to check for even or odd:");

if bitand(n,1) == 0 then
disp("Even number");
else
disp("Odd number");
end

Output:-
 Experiment No. 11

Find greatest among 3 numbers

Code:-

// Get input from the user

a = input("Enter the first number: ");
b = input("Enter the second number: ");
c = input("Enter the third number: ");

// Find the greatest number using nested if-else

if a > b then
if a > c then
disp(string(a) + " is the greatest number.");
else
disp(string(c) + " is the greatest number.");
end
else
if b > c then
disp(string(b) + " is the greatest number.");
else
disp(string(c) + " is the greatest number.");
end
end

Output:-
 Experiment No. 12

Power function

Code:-

// Get the base and exponent from the user

base = input("Enter the base: ");
exponent = input("Enter the exponent: ");

// Calculate the power using the pow function

result = (base^exponent);

// Display the result

disp("The result is: " + string(result));

Output:-
 Experiment No. 13

Find roots of a quadratic equation

Code:-

// Get coefficients from the user

a = input("Enter the coefficient of x^2: ");
b = input("Enter the coefficient of x: ");
c = input("Enter the constant term: ");

// Form the polynomial

p = poly([a b c],'x');

// Find the roots of the polynomial

roots = roots(p);

// Display the roots

disp("The roots of the quadratic equation are: ");
disp(roots);

Output:-
 Experiment No. 14

Nested function

Code:-

// Outer function
function result=outer_function(x)
// Inner function
function y=inner_function(a)
y = a^2 + x;
endfunction

result = inner_function(x) + 5;
endfunction

// Call the outer function

x = 3;
output = outer_function(x);
disp(output);

Output:-
 Experiment No. 15

Private function

Code:-

function result=publicFunction(x)
result=_privateFunction(x);
endfunction

function res=_privateFunction(x)
res=x+42;
endfunction

result=publicFunction(10);

disp(result);

Output:-
 Experiment No. 16

Private function

Code:-

// Declare a global variable

global x;

// Assign a value to the global variable

x = 10;

// Define a function that accesses and modifies the global variable

function my_function()
global x;
x = x + 5;
disp(x);
endfunction

// Call the function

my_function();

// Display the global variable's value

disp(x);

Output:-
 Experiment No. 17

Strings

Code-

//ascii- converts a string into a vector of ascii codes and vice versa
disp(ascii(['hello';'world']))
disp(ascii("scilab"));
disp(ascii([115 99 105 108 97 98]));
//blanks(n)- a string of n blanks
disp(['xxx' blanks(20) 'yyy'])
//char- converts matrix to corresponding ascii codes
x=matrix(61:84, [4,2,3]);
y=char(x)
size(x);
size(y);
disp(y);

//convstr converts to upper or lower case

A=['this','is';'my','matrix'];
convstr(A,'u')
//The emptystr function returns a matrix of zero length character strings.
x=emptystr();
for k=1:10
x = x + ',' + string(k)
emptystr(1,k) + string(k)
end
//isalphanum- checks for alphanumerics
s='A1,B2,C3';
disp(isalphanum(s));
//isascii- checks if each character is ascii or not
disp(isascii("Señor"));
//justify justifies the strings in a vector or matrix
m = ["a" "bcdef" "ghi" ; "jklm" "" "n" ; "opq" "rs" "tuvwxy"]
justify(m)
//part extracts character from a string
part("How to use ""part"" ?", 8:11);
//strcat - concatenates strings
disp(strcat(["a","b"]));
//strchr- first occurence of a character in string
disp(strchr('This is a sample string','s'));
//strcmp compares strings
disp(strcmp('Scilab','scilab'));
//strcspn- lengths from the beginning of strings until a character among those prohibited
disp(strcspn('fbdn12345','123456789'));
//strindex returns index of a character instring
disp(strindex('SCI/demos/scicos','/'));
//stripblanks- strips the gaps in string from left and right both
disp(stripblanks(' 123 '));
//strrev reverse the order of string
disp(strrev("scilab"));
//strsplit spit characters of string
disp(strsplit('scilab'));
//strsubst replaces the string with another specified string
disp(strsubst('SCI/demos/scicos','SCI','.'));

Output:-
 Experiment No. 18

Data type conversion

Code:-

// Data type conversions

// Numeric to string
num = 123.45;
str_num = string(num);
disp("Number as string:", str_num);

// String to number
str_num = "456.78";
num = strtod(str_num);
disp("String as number:", num);

// Integer to boolean
int_val = 0;
bool_val = int_val ~= 0;
disp("Integer to boolean:", bool_val);

// Boolean to integer
bool_val = %T;
int_val = bool_val;
disp("Boolean to integer:", int_val);

// Matrix to vector
matrix = [1 2 3; 4 5 6];
vector = matrix(:);
disp("Matrix to vector:", vector);

// Vector to matrix
vector = [1 2 3 4 5 6];
matrix = [vector(1:3); vector(4:6)];
disp("Vector to matrix:", matrix);
Output:-
 Experiment No. 19

Plot graph with title and labels

Code:-

x=[0:%pi/16:2*%pi]';
y=sin(x);
plot2d(x,y);
xgrid
xlabel('x');
ylabel('sinx');

Output:-
 Experiment No. 20

Drawing multiple functions on the same graph

Code:-

x=[0:%pi/16:2*%pi]';
y=[cos(x) sin(x)];
plot2d(x,y);
xgrid
xlabel('x');
ylabel('cosx + sinx');

Output:-
 Experiment No. 21

Subplots

Code:-

subplot(221)
plot2d()

subplot(222)
plot3d()

subplot(2,2,3)
param3d()

subplot(2,2,4)
bar3d()

Output:-
 Experiment No. 22

Bar charts

Code:-

scf(0);
y=[1 -3 5];
bar(y,0.5,'yellow');

scf(1);
x1=[1 2 5];
y1=[1 -5 6;3 -2 7;4 -3 8];
bar(x1,y1);

scf(2);
x2=[1 2 5];
y2=[1 4 7;2 5 8;3 6 9];
bar(x2,y2,'stacked');

scf(3);
x3=[1 2 5];
y3=[1 4 7;2 5 8;3 6 9];
bar(x3,y3,0.2,'green');

Output:-
 Experiment No. 23

Contours

Code:-

t=linspace(-%pi,%pi,30);
function z=my_surface(x, y),z=x*sin(x)^2*cos(y),endfunction;
contour(t,t,my_surface,10);

Output:-
 Experiment No. 24

Three dimensional plot

Code:-

t=[0:0.3:2*%pi]';
z=sin(t)*cos(t');
plot3d(t,t,z);

Output:-
 Experiment No. 25

Arrays

Code:-

a=[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10];
a1=[1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10];
a2=1:10;
a3=100:-10:0;
disp(a);
disp(a1);
disp(a2);
disp(a3);

a4=[2+3*%i, 4+1*%i, 3, 5, 6];

b=[1+6*%i, 4+6*%i, 3, 4, 6];

c=a4+b;
disp(c);
disp(a4-b);
//disp(a2*a3);

a5=linspace(0,10,5);
a6=logspace(0,4,3);
disp(a6);
a7=[1 10 25 50 15];
disp(a7(3));

disp(sum(a7));
disp(mean(a7));
disp(length(a7));
disp(max(a7));

disp(min(a7));
disp(prod(a7));
disp(sign(a7));
disp(find(a7));

p=[1.4 10.7 -1.1 20.9];

disp(fix(p));
disp(floor(p));
disp(ceil(p));
disp(round(p));
disp(gsort(p));

Output:-
 Experiment No. 26

Matrices

Code:-

A=[16 3 2 13;5 10 11 8;9 6 7 12;4 15 14 1];

disp(sum(A));
disp(sum(A,'c'));
disp(sum(A,'r'));

A1=[3 11 6 5;4 7 10 2;13 9 0 8];

disp(A1(2,3));
disp(A1(:,2));
disp(A1(2,:));
disp(A1(9));

B=A1(3:-1:1,1:4);
disp(B);
disp(eye(2,2));
disp(ones(3,2));
disp(zeros(3,3));

C=[[1 2;3 4],[2 3; 5 6]];

disp(rand(2,3));
A2=[1 2 3; 4 5 6;7 8 9];
disp(diag(A2));
disp(diag(A2,-1));

A3=[1 2;0 4];

disp(det(A3));
disp(rank(A3));
disp(trace(A3));
disp(inv(A3));
disp(A3');
disp(norm(A3));
disp(poly(A3,'x'));
disp(spec(A3));
Output:-
 Experiment No. 27

Generate Random Numbers

Code:-

r=rand()
disp(r);
// Get one 4-by-6 matrix of doubles (based on the current distribution)
r=rand(4,6)
disp(r);
// Get one 4-by-6 matrix of doubles with uniform entries
r=rand(4,6,"uniform")
disp(r);
// Produce a matrix of random doubles with the same size as x
x=rand(4,4);
disp(x);
r=rand(x,"normal")
// Produce a 2-by-2-by-2 array of random doubles
r=rand(2,2,2)
disp(r);
// Set the rand generator to normal
rand("normal")
r=rand(4,6)
disp(r);
// Get the current distribution
key=rand("info")
// Set the rand generator to uniform
rand("uniform")
r=rand(4,6)
key=rand("info")
// Produce a 2-by-3 matrix of random complex doubles
x=rand(2,3)+%i*rand(2,3)
// Produce a matrix of random complex doubles with
// normal entries and the same size as x
r=rand(x,"normal")
disp(r);
Output:-