1. Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.

a. vision, olfaction
b. conscious, unconscious
c. awareness, interpretation
d. taste, vision
2. Visual accommodation involves a change in which structure?
a. lens
b. cornea
c. retina
d. fovea
3. If object A overlaps object B we perceive object A as being
closer. Which depth cue are we using?
a. relative size
b. linear perspective
c. proximity
d. interposition
4. ________ is the ability to sense the position and movement of
our body parts.
a. proprioaction
b. proprioception
c. proprioliction
d. proprioprediction
5. A researcher interested in the relationship between physical
stimuli and our psychological experience would be studying:
a. extra sensory perception
b. proprioception
c. auditory realism
d. psychophysics
6. When a person enters a dark room their pupils ________ to allow
more light to enter their eyes.
a. constrict
b. curve
c. dilate
d. a or c
7. Wave ________ is to pitch as wave ________ is to loudness.
a. length, frequency
b. peak, trough
c. pressure, distinctiveness
d. frequency, amplitude
8. In depth perception, accommodation would be most useful for
which activity?
 a. playing golf
b. threading a needle
c. driving a car
d. flying a kite
9. What is the visible part of the ear called?
a. pinna
b. funnel
c. tibia
d. cochlea
10. The optic nerve carries information to:
a. the retina then the cortex
b. the retina then the thalamus
c. the thalamus then the cortex
d. the cornea then the retina
11. Where would you find tastebuds?
a. on the tongue
b. on the walls of the mouth
c. at the back of the throat
d. all of the above
12. Damage to the ________ may cause sensorineural hearing
loss.
a. eardrum
b. pinna
c. stapes
d. cilia
13. Which are the 4 basic sensations our skin can detect?
a. vibration, warmth, tingling, pain
b. pain, friction, cold, warmth
c. pain, pressure, hot, cold
d. itching, tickling, friction, aching
14. Which of the following is NOT one of the six senses?
a. proprioception
b. transduction
c. olfaction
d. taste
15. Which of the following is a gestalt principle?
a. intensity
b. density
c. proximity
d. frequency
16. When detecting color, hue depends on wave ________
while brightness depends on ________
a. height, length
b. length, height
c. intensity, consistency
d. consistency, intensity
17. What is the stimulus for vision?
a. electromagnetic energy
b. electro visual energy
c. electrostatic energy
d. electroconvulsive energy
18. People are more likely to notice a 50-cent increase in the
price of a candy bar than they are to notice a 50-cent increase
in the price of an iPad. This illustrates:
a. the absolute threshold
b. Weber’s law
c. signal detection
d. opponent processes
19. What is another term for difference threshold?
a. absolute threshold
b. difference adaptation
c. just noticeable difference
d. sensory differentiation
20. According to the text, how many different taste
sensations are there?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
21. Movement of hair cells in the ________ triggers nerve
impulses which are sent to the brain.
a. pinna
b. cochlea
c. malleus
d. retina
22. Which of the following is NOT part of the vestibular
system?
a. horizontal canal
b. anterior canal
c. saccule
d. invicticule
23. Damage to your olfactory membrane would most likely
impair your ability to:
a. see
b. hear
c. smell
d. feel pain
24. Which of the following is NOT a set of opponent colours
according to opponent process theory?
a. red/blue
b. red/green
c. yellow/blue
d. white/black
25. Your ability to focus on a TV show while ignoring the noise
of your partner nagging about supper illustrates:
a. synesthesia
b. selective attention
c. sensory attention
d. sensory adaptation
26. The fact that you may notice a disgusting smell when you
first walk into a room but stop noticing it if you stay in the
room for a while illustrates:
a. synesthesia
b. selective attention
c. sensory attention
d. sensory adaptation
27. ________ ________ theory argues that pain is determined by
the operation of two types of nerve fibres in the spinal cord.
a. opponent process
b. Young Helmholtz
c. gate control
d. neural location
28. The middle ear contains three little bones. They are:
a. pinna, cochlea, cilia
b. incus, anvil, stapes
c. hammer, anvil, stirrup
d. tympani, ossicle, pinna
29. Signal detection analysis examines our ability to:
a. tell the difference between blue and green
b. detect signals of distress in a baby
c. detect the latent meaning of a dream
d. separate true signals from background noise
 30. What do we call the field of psychology that focuses on
improving the development of technology by using
psychological knowledge?
a. human factors
b. signal detection
c. humanistic psychology
d. computer science

31. ________ refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy

required to be detected 50% of the time.

a. absolute threshold
b. difference threshold
c. just noticeable difference
d. transduction

32. Decreased sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as

________.

a. transduction
b. difference threshold
c. sensory adaptation
d. inattentional blindness
33. ________ involves the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into
neural impulses.

a. sensory adaptation
b. inattentional blindness
c. difference threshold
d. transduction

34. ________ occurs when sensory information is organized,

interpreted, and consciously experienced.

a. sensation
b. perception
c. transduction
d. sensory adaptation

35. Which of the following correctly matches the pattern in our

perception of colour as we move from short wavelengths to long
wavelengths?

a. red to orange to yellow

b. yellow to orange to red
c. yellow to red to orange
d. orange to yellow to red

36. The visible spectrum includes light that ranges from about
________.

a. 400–700 nm
b. 200–900 nm
c. 20–20000 Hz
d. 10–20 dB

37. The electromagnetic spectrum includes ________.

a. radio waves
b. x-rays
c. infrared light
 d. all of the above

38. The audible range for humans is ________.

a. 380–740 Hz
b. 10–20 dB
c. less than 300 dB
d. 20-20,000 Hz

39. The quality of a sound that is affected by frequency, amplitude,

and timing of the sound wave is known as ________.

a. pitch
b. tone
c. electromagnetic
d. timbre

40. The ________ is a small indentation of the retina that contains

cones.

a. optic chiasm
b. optic nerve
c. fovea
d. iris

41. ________ operate best under bright light conditions.

a. cones
b. rods
c. retinal ganglion cells
d. striate cortex

42. ________ depth cues require the use of both eyes.

a. monocular
b. binocular
c. linear perspective
d. accommodating
43. If you were to stare at a green dot for a relatively long period of
time and then shift your gaze to a blank white screen, you would
see a ________ negative afterimage.

a. blue
b. yellow
c. black
d. red

44. Hair cells located near the base of the basilar membrane
respond best to ________ sounds.

a. low-frequency
b. high-frequency
c. low-amplitude
d. high-amplitude

45. The three ossicles of the middle ear are known as ________.

a. malleus, incus, and stapes

b. hammer, anvil, and stirrup
c. pinna, cochlea, and utricle
d. both a and b

46. Hearing aids might be effective for treating ________.

a. Ménière’s disease
b. sensorineural hearing loss
c. conductive hearing loss
d. interaural time differences

47. Cues that require two ears are referred to as ________ cues.

a. monocular
b. monaural
c. binocular
d. binaural

48. Chemical messages often sent between two members of a

species to communicate something about reproductive status are
called ________.
 a. hormones
b. pheromones
c. Merkel’s disks
d. Meissner’s corpuscles

49. Which taste is associated with monosodium glutamate?

a. sweet
b. bitter
c. umami
d. sour

50. ________ serve as sensory receptors for temperature and pain

stimuli.

a. free nerve endings

b. Pacinian corpuscles
c. Ruffini corpuscles
d. Meissner’s corpuscles

51. Which of the following is involved in maintaining balance and

body posture?

a. auditory nerve
b. nociceptors
c. olfactory bulb
d. vestibular system

52. According to the principle of ________, objects that occur close to

one another tend to be grouped together.

a. similarity
b. good continuation
c. proximity
d. closure

53. Our tendency to perceive things as complete objects rather than

as a series of parts is known as the principle of ________.

a. closure
 b. good continuation
c. proximity
d. similarity

54. According to the law of ________, we are more likely to perceive

smoothly flowing lines rather than choppy or jagged lines.

a. closure
b. good continuation
c. proximity
d. similarity

55. The main point of focus in a visual display is known as the

________.

a. closure
b. perceptual set
c. ground
d. figure

56. A clear membrane covering the visible part of the eye that helps
gather and direct incoming light

Cornea

57. The opening in the middle of the iris that changes size to let in
different amounts of light
Pupil

58. Lines meet eventually in the distance

Linear perspective
60. Group similar items together
Law of similarity

61. The property of color that is the purity of the wavelength

Saturation

62. Best simplest, shape

Law of simplicity

63. The smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be

detected half the time
Absolute threshold

64. Sense of taste

Gustation

65. Specialized cells unique to each sense organ that respond to a

particular form of sensory stimulation
Sensory receptors

66. Area of the retina without rods or cones where the optic nerve
leaves the eye
Optic disk

67. Sense of balance or equilibrium

a. vestibular sense
b. depth perception
c. absolute threshold
d. kinesthetic sense

68. The scientist who created the stroboscopic experiment

a. Optic Disk
b. John Watson
c. Max Wertheimer
d. William James

69. Monocular cues used to make things 3D

a. texture gradient
b. linear perspective
c. pictorial cues
d. monocular cues

70. The intensity of a color

Brightness

71. Great details close by, less detail far away

Texture gradient

72. Moving dot experiment

Karl Duncker

73. The smallest possible difference between 2 stimuli that can be

detected half the time
Difference threshold (just noticeable difference)

74. Sense of location and position of the body parts in relation to

one another
a. vestibular sense
b. kinesthetic sense
c. perception
d. sensory adaptation
75. Sensory receptors located in the muscles and joints that provide
info about body positions and movements
a. sensory receptors
b. taste buds
c. proprioceptors
d. ganglion cells

76. Common objects are unchanging

a. perceptual constancies
b. shape constancy
c. sensory adaptation
d. depth perception

77. Sensitive to both motion and edges (pencil bending)

Convergence

78. Includes the skin and vestibular senses

Somesthetic senses

79. Tendency to see objects in their normal brightness, even in

changed lighting.
Bright consistency

80. Looking at the whole and discerning features

Top-down processing

81. Light bends in different densities

Saturation

82. Completes objects not fully seen by the eyes

Perceptual set

83. Caused by damage to the outer or middle ear structures.

Conduction hearing impairment
84. Tendency to perceive objects as remaining the same shape even
when the shape of the object changes on the retina of the eye.
Shape constancy
GLOSSARY:

1. sensation: the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system
receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. (Myers Psychology
for AP 3e p. 158)
2. sensory receptors: sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli. (Myers
Psychology for AP 3e p. 158)
3. perception: the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information,
enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. (Myers Psychology for AP
3e p. 158)
4. bottom-up processing: analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works
up to the brain's integration of sensory information. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p.
158)
5. top-down processing: information processing guided by higher-level mental
processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and
expectations. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 158)
6. selective attention: the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 158)
7. inattentional blindness: failing to see visible objects when our attention is direct
ed elsewhere. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 160)
8. change blindness: failing to notice changes in the environment; a form of
inattentional blindness. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 161)
9. transduction: conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the
transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural
impulses our brain can interpret. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 162)
10. psychophysics: the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of
stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them. (Myers
Psychology for AP 3e p. 162)
11. absolute threshold: threshold the minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a
particular stimulus 50 percent of the time. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 163)
12. signal detection theory: a theory predicting how and when we detect the
presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). Assumes
there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a
person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness. (Myers Psychology for
AP 3e p. 163)
13. subliminal: below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness. (Myers
Psychology for AP 3e p. 163)
14. difference threshold: the minimum difference between two stimuli required for
detection 50 percent of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just
noticeable difference (or jnd). (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 163)
15. priming: the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus pre
disposing one's perception, memory, or response. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e pp.
165, 345)
16. Weber's law: the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must
differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount). (Myers
Psychology for AP 3e p. 165)
17. sensory adaptation: diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant
stimulation. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 165)
18. perceptual set: a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 169)
19. extrasensory perception (ESP): the controversial claim that perception can occur
apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition. (Myers
Psychology for AP 3e p. 172)
20. parapsychology: the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and
psychokinesis. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 172)
21. wavelength: the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak
of the next. Electromagnetic wavelengths vary from the short blips of gamma rays
to the long pulses of radio transmission. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 177)
22. hue: the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what
we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e
p. 177)
23. intensity: the amount of energy in a light wave or sound wave, which influences
what we perceive as brightness or loudness. Intensity is determined by the wave's
amplitude (height). (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 177)
24. cornea: the eye's clear, protective outer layer, covering the pupil and iris.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 177)
25. pupil: the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 177)
26. iris: a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the
pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 177)
27. lens: the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help
focus images on the retina. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 177)
28. retina: the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods
and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 177)
29. accommodation: (1) in sensation and perception, the process by which the eye's
lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina. (2) in developmental
psychology, adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new
information. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e pp. 177, 498)

30. rods: retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray, and are sensitive to
movement; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 178)
31. cones: retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina and
that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. Cones detect fine detail and give
rise to color sensations. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 178)
32. optic nerve: the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 178)
33. blind spot: the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind"
spot because no receptor cells are located there. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p.
179)
34. fovea: the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 179)
35. Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theory: the theory that the retina
contains three different types of color receptors—one most sensitive to red, one to
green, one to blue—which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the
perception of any color. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 181)
36. opponent-process theory: the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green,
blue-yellow, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated
by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 182)
37. feature detectors: nerve cells in the brain's visual cortex that respond to specific
features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement. (Myers Psychology for
AP 3e p. 183)
38. parallel processing: processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the
brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions. (Myers
Psychology for AP 3e pp. 126, 183, 329)
39. gestalt: an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to
integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e
p. 187)
40. figure-ground: the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that
stand out from their surroundings (the ground). (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 187)
41. grouping: the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 188)
 42. depth perception: the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the
images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 189)
43. visual cliff: a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young
animals. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 189)
44. binocular cue: a depth cue, such as retinal disparity, that depends on the use of
two eyes. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 189)
45. retinal disparity: a binocular cue for perceiving depth. By comparing retinal
images from the two eyes, the brain computes distance—the greater the disparity
(difference) between the two images, the closer the object. (Myers Psychology for
AP 3e p. 189)
46. monocular cue: a depth cue, such as interposition or linear perspective,
available to either eye alone. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 190)
47. phi phenomenon: an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent
lights blink on and off in quick succession. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 190)
48. perceptual constancy: perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent
color, brightness, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 191)

49. color constancy: perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if
changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. (Myers
Psychology for AP 3e p. 192) 50. perceptual adaptation: the ability to adjust to
changed sensory input, including an artificially displaced or even inverted visual
field. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 195)
51. audition: the sense or act of hearing. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 198)
52. frequency: the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given
time (for example, per second). (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 198)
53. pitch: a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency. (Myers
Psychology for AP 3e p. 198)
54. middle ear: the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three
tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the
eardrum on the cochlea's oval window. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 199)
55. cochlea: a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling
through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p.
199)
56. inner ear: the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular
canals, and vestibular sacs. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 199)
57. sensorineural hearing loss: hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's
receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; the most common form of hearing loss, also
called nerve deafness. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 200)
58. conduction hearing loss: a less common form of hearing loss, caused by
damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea.
(Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 200)
59. cochlear implant: a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and
stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea. (Myers
Psychology for AP 3e p. 201)
60. place theory: in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place
where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 202)
61. frequency theory: in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses
traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us
to sense its pitch. (Also called temporal theory.) (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 202)
62. gate-control theory: the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological
"gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is
opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed
by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain. (Myers
Psychology for AP 3e p. 207)
63. olfaction: the sense of smell. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 211)
64. kinesthesia: our movement sense—our system for sensing the position and
movement of individual body arts. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 213)
65. vestibular sense: our sense of body movement and position that enables our
sense of balance. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 213)
66. embodied cognition: the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other
states on cognitive preferences and judgments. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 214)
67. sensory interaction: the principle that one sense may influence another, as
when the smell of food influences its taste. (Myers Psychology for AP 3e p. 214)

1. Which of the subsequent could be a part of the human eye?

Choroid
2. The aqueous chamber is found between
The cornea and therefore the lens
Aqueous humor may be a clear fluid that fills and helps form the anterior and
posterior chambers of the attention. The lens and cornea must remain clear to
permit light transmission, and thus can’t be invested within a vasculature.

3. Multimode theory was developed by:

[A] Johnston and Triesman
[B] Johnston and Broadbent
[C] Johnston and Heinz
[D] Johnston and Bose

Solution: [C] Johnston and Heinz

Multimode theory was developed by Johnston and Heinz (1978). This

theory believes that spotlight could be a flexible system that enables
selection of a stimulus over others at three stages.

4. The method through which certain stimuli are selected from a bunch of
others is cited as:
[A] Amplitude
[B] Attention
[C] Pitch
[D] Path

Solution: [B] Attention

The process through which certain stimuli are selected from a gaggle
of others is mostly mentioned as attention. The properties of attention
are selection, alertness, concentration and search.

5. Which of the subsequent help in holding the lens at its appropriate

place and in proper shape?

Vitreous Humor

The humor (also known simply because the vitreous) could be a clear,
colorless fluid that fills the space between the lens and therefore the
retina of your eye. 99% of it consists of water and also the rest could
be a mixture of collagen, proteins, salts and sugars
6. The receptors of the kinesthetic system are found primarily in

Muscles

The mechanoreceptors found in muscles, called the first and secondary

spindle receptors, are located in muscle spindles, which are elongated
structures.

7. Which of the subsequent gives us information about our body position,

movement and acceleration?

The sensory system

The vestibular apparatus provides the sense of balance and therefore

the information about body position that permits rapid compensatory
movements in response to both self-induced and externally generated
forces.

8. The areas surrounded by others tend to be perceived as figures,

explain:
[A] The principle of surroundness
[B] The principle of symmetry
[C] The principle of smallness
[D] The principle of largeness

Solution: [B] The principle of symmetry

The effect is a minimum of as symmetric because the cause. What the

symmetry principle means is that any symmetry of a cause must
appear in its effect, while the effect may possess symmetry that’s not
symmetry of the cause. Causes and effects in quantum systems are
discussed.
9. Objects that are approximate in space or time are perceived as
belonging together or as a gaggle, explains:
[A] The principle of similarity
[B] The principle of continuity
[C] The principle of proximity
[D] The principle of breaking

Solution: [A] The principle of similarity

The principle of similarity simply states that when items share some
visual characteristic, they’re assumed to be related in a way. the things
don’t must be identical, but simply share a minimum of one visible trait
like color, shape, or size to be perceived as a part of the identical
group.

10.The innermost layer of a eye is called

Retina

The retina contains a lot of light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) and
other nerve cells that receive and organize visual information. Your
retina sends this information to your brain through your cranial nerve,
enabling you to work out.

11.Which of the subsequent is accountable for night visions?

Rods

Rods are a sort of photoreceptor cell present within the retina that
transmits low-light vision and is most chargeable for the neural
transmission of nighttime sight. Rods have a singular photopigment,
rhodopsin, which utilizes the protein scotopsin and also the Vitamin A-
derived cofactor, retinol.

12.Which of the subsequent could be a primary colours?

Green, red, blue

The colors red, green, and blue are classically considered the first
colors because they’re fundamental to human vision. Light is perceived
 as white by humans when all three cone types are simultaneously
stimulated by equal amounts of red, green, and blue light.

13.Retinal disparity occurs because the two eyes have different locations
in our head:
[A] The two eyes have different locations in our head
[B] The two eyes have different perceptions
[C] Both eyes have same locations in our head
[D] Both eyes have different locations in our head

Solution: [A] The 2 eyes have different locations in our head

Retinal or Binocular Disparity: Retinal disparity occurs because the 2

eyes have different locations in our head. they’re separated from one
another horizontally by a distance of about 6.5 centimeters. due to this
distance, the image formed on the retina of every eye of the identical
object is slightly different.

14.The span of attention is that the magical number of:

[A] Seven plus and minus one
[B] Seven plus and minus two
[C] Seven plus and minus three
[D] Seven plus and minus four

Solution: [C] Seven plus and minus three

“The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our
Capacity for Processing Information” is one in every of the foremost
highly cited papers in psychology. it absolutely was written by the
cognitive psychologist George A. Miller of Harvard University’s
Department of Psychology and published in 1956 in Psychological
Review.

15.Which of the subsequent isn’t an ossicle through which vibrations are

passed from the cavity?
 Sclera

The middle ear consists of the eardrum and therefore the bony ossicles
called the malleus, incus, and stapes. These three ossicles connect the
tympanum to the labyrinth with the transmission of sound waves

16.The most organ for hearing is

Organ of Corti

The internal ear consists of a spiral shaped structure called the cochlea
(means snail-shell). Within the cochlea sits the organ of hearing where
we’ve thousands of little cells, referred to as hair cells. The hair cells
are stimulated and send messages to the auditory.

17.Which of the subsequent determines the character of a sound?

Decibel

Decibel (dB), unit for expressing the ratio between two physical
quantities, usually amounts of acoustic or power, or for measuring the
relative loudness of sounds. One decibel (0.1 bel) equals 10 times the
logarithm of the facility ratio.

18.Artist mostly uses ________ to create an effect of depth on a flat

surface.
[A] Rods
[B] Cones
[C] Wood panel
[D] Monocular cues

Solution: [D] Monocular cues

The word “monocular” means “with one eye.” Monocular cues are all
the ways in which one eye helps you see and process what you are
looking at. Monocular cues play a large role in how you perceive the
planet around you.
19._______ help flattens the lens to focus the distant objects.
[A] Nerve system
[B] Ciliary muscles
[C] The vestibular apparatus
[D] The Kinesthetic system

Solution: [B] Ciliary muscles

20.The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system

receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

Sensation

21.The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system

receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

The psychological state

22.Activated by neural signal; then activates the ganglion cells

Bipolar cells

23.The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Selective attention

24.The outer ear collects sound waves, which are translated into
mechanical waves by the middle ear and turned into fluid waves in the
inner ear. the auditory nerve then translates the energy into electrical
waves and send them to the brain, which perceives and interprets
sound

What are the basic steps in transforming sound waves into

perceived sound?

25.Sensory receptors (nociceptors) respond to potentially damaging

stimuli by sending an impulse to the spinal cord, which passes the
message to the brain, which interprets the signal as pain

The pain circuits

 26.Individuals who experience various combinations of smell, taste, touch,
sight, and sound

Synesthetes

27.aka temporal theory -in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve
impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a
tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch

Frequency theory

28.We perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous

ones

Continuity

29.Light waves reflect off the person and travel into your eye, where the
receptor cells in your retina convert the light waves' energy into neural
impulses sent to your brain. your brain processes the sub-dimensions
of this visual input- including depth, movement, form, and color-
separately but simultaneously. it interprets this info based on
previously stored info and your expectations into a conscious
perception of your friend.

what is the rapid sequence of events that occurs when your see and
recognize a friend?

30.A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

Perceptual Set

31.A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

Vestibule sense
 32.The theory that perception of color is based on the output of three
mechanisms, each of them resulting from an opponency between two
colors: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white.

Hering's opponent color theory

33.The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information,

enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
Perceptions