1.

// Define LED pins

const int led1 = 11;
const int led2 = 12;
const int led3 = 13;
void setup() {
// Initialize LED pins as output
pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led3, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// Turn on LED 1 for 1 second
digitalWrite(led1, HIGH);
delay(1000); // 1000 milliseconds = 1 second
digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
// Turn on LED 2 for 2 seconds
digitalWrite(led2, HIGH);
delay(2000); // 2000 milliseconds = 2 seconds
digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
// Turn on LED 3 for 3 seconds
digitalWrite(led3, HIGH);
delay(3000); // 3000 milliseconds = 3 seconds
digitalWrite(led3, LOW);
}

2.
#include <PulseSensorPlayground.h>

// Create an instance of the PulseSensorPlayground class

PulseSensorPlayground pulseSensor;

const int pulsePin = A0; // Analog pin where the pulse sensor is connected

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);

// Initialize the PulseSensorPlayground library

pulseSensor.analogInput(pulsePin);
pulseSensor.setThreshold(550); // Set the threshold for detecting beats
pulseSensor.begin();
}

void loop() {
// Read the value from the sensor
int signal = pulseSensor.getBeatsPerMinute();

// Print the heart rate if it is valid

if (signal > 0) {
Serial.print("Heart Rate: ");
Serial.print(signal);
Serial.println(" bpm");
} else {
Serial.println("No pulse detected.");
}

// Delay for 1 second

delay(1000);
}
3.
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

void setup() {
lcd.begin();
lcd.backlight();
// Print initial message
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("System Monitor");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Initializing...");
delay(2000);
}

void loop() {
// Update system stats
float networkUtilization = getNetworkUtilization();
float cpuLoad = getCPULoad();
float diskSpace = getDiskSpace();
// Display system stats on LCD
lcd.clear(); // Clear the LCD screen
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Network: ");
lcd.print(networkUtilization);
lcd.print("%");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("CPU: ");
lcd.print(cpuLoad);
lcd.print("% Disk: ");
lcd.print(diskSpace);
lcd.print("GB");
delay(5000); // Delay for 5 seconds before updating again
}

// Function to get network utilization

float getNetworkUtilization() {
// Implement your code to get network utilization
return 50.5; // Placeholder value for demonstration
}

// Function to get CPU load

float getCPULoad() {
// Implement your code to get CPU load
return 30.2; // Placeholder value for demonstration
}
// Function to get disk space
float getDiskSpace() {
// Implement your code to get disk space
return 25.7; // Placeholder value for demonstration
}

4.
// Define pin numbers
const int gasPin = A0;
const int ledPin = 8;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // Set LED pin as output
}
void loop() {
// Read gas sensor value
int gasValue = analogRead(gasPin);
// Map gas sensor value to LED brightness
int brightness = map(gasValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
// Display gas sensor value on serial monitor
Serial.print("Gas Level: ");
Serial.println(gasValue);
// Turn on LED based on gas sensor value
analogWrite(ledPin, brightness);
delay(1000); // Delay for 1 second
}

5.
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

# Set GPIO pin numbers

pir_pin = 12 # PIR sensor output pin
led_pin = 11 # LED pin

# Setup GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(pir_pin, GPIO.IN)
GPIO.setup(led_pin, GPIO.OUT)

# PIR sensor pin as input

# LED pin as output
try:
print("PIR Sensor Test (CTRL+C to exit)")
time.sleep(2) # Warmup time for PIR sensor
print("Ready")
while True:
if GPIO.input(pir_pin): # If motion is detected
print("Motion Detected!")
GPIO.output(led_pin, GPIO.HIGH) # Turn on LED

else :

print("Motion not detected")

GPIO.output(led_pin, GPIO.LOW)
time.sleep(0.5)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("\nExiting...")
finally:
GPIO.cleanup()

6.
import time
import board
import adafruit_dht
import thingspeak
from rpi_lcd import LCD

# Define your ThingSpeak channel parameters

channel_id = 2595470
write_key = '86CNU3LZRKBSRJW9'
# Initialize the ThingSpeak channel
channel = thingspeak.Channel(id=channel_id, api_key=write_key)

# Initialize the LCD

lcd = LCD()

# Initialize the sensor (DHT11 connected to GPIO 4)

sensor = adafruit_dht.DHT11(board.D4, use_pulseio=False)

while True:
try:
# Read the sensor data
temperature_c = sensor.temperature
temperature_f = temperature_c * (9 / 5) + 32
humidity = sensor.humidity

# Print the values to the serial port

print("Temp={0:0.1f}C, Temp={1:0.1f}F, Humidity={2:0.1f}
%".format(temperature_c, temperature_f, humidity))

# Display the values on the LCD

lcd.text("Temp={0}C".format(temperature_c), 1)
lcd.text("Humi={0}%".format(humidity), 2)

# Send the data to ThingSpeak

response = channel.update({'field1': temperature_c, 'field2': humidity})
print("Data sent to ThingSpeak. Response:", response)

except RuntimeError as error:

# Errors happen fairly often with DHT sensors, just keep going
print(error.args[0])
time.sleep(2.0)
continue
except Exception as error:
sensor.exit()
raise error

# Wait before taking the next reading

time.sleep(15)

7.
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import time

# Email settings
EMAIL_ADDRESS = '[email protected]' # Your email address
EMAIL_PASSWORD = ' ' # Your email password
TO_EMAIL = '' # Recipient's email address

# Set up GPIO
WPIN = 4
BUZZERPIN=17
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(WPIN, GPIO.IN)
GPIO.setup(BUZZERPIN, GPIO.OUT)

# Function to send email notification

def send_email():
msg = MIMEText('Water sensor detected water!')
msg['Subject'] = 'Alert:Water sensor is wet!'
msg['From'] = EMAIL_ADDRESS
msg['To'] = TO_EMAIL

try:
with smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.gmail.com', 465) as server:
server.login(EMAIL_ADDRESS, EMAIL_PASSWORD)
server.send_message(msg)
print("Email sent successfully")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Failed to send email: {e}")

# Main loop
try:
print("Water Sensor with email (CTRL+C to exit)")
time.sleep(2)
print("Ready")

while True:
if GPIO.input(WPIN): # If water is detected
print("Water sensor is wet!")
GPIO.output(BUZZERPIN,True)
send_email()
time.sleep(5) # Delay to avoid multiple detections
GPIO.output(BUZZERPIN,False)

except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Program terminated")
finally:
GPIO.cleanup() # Clean up GPIO on exit

8.
import time
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import thingspeak

BUZZER_PIN = 33
LDR_PIN = 3
LED = 11

channel_id = "" # Add your ThingSpeak channel ID here

write_key = "" # Add your ThingSpeak write API key here

def setup_gpio():
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(BUZZER_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(LDR_PIN, GPIO.IN)
GPIO.setup(LED, GPIO.OUT)

def ldr():
channel = thingspeak.Channel(id=channel_id, api_key=write_key)
while True:
ldr_value = GPIO.input(LDR_PIN)
 if ldr_value == 1:
print("High: Switch on buzzer")
GPIO.output(BUZZER_PIN, True)
print("LED ON")
GPIO.output(LED, True)
else:
print("Low: Don't switch on buzzer")
GPIO.output(BUZZER_PIN, False)
print("LED OFF")
GPIO.output(LED, False)

time.sleep(0.3)

LDRData = ldr_value
BuzzerData = 1 if ldr_value == 1 else 0

# Send data to ThingSpeak

try:
response = channel.update({'field1': LDRData, 'field2': BuzzerData})
print(f"LDRData: {LDRData}, BuzzerData: {BuzzerData}")
print("ThingSpeak Response:", response)
except Exception as e:
print("Connection failed:", e)

if __name__ == "__main__":
setup_gpio() # Initialize GPIO once
try:
ldr() # Start the LDR monitoring loop
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Program interrupted")
finally:
GPIO.cleanup() # Clean up GPIO settings