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Volume of Solids by Cylindrical Shell Method

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
22 views13 pages

Volume of Solids by Cylindrical Shell Method

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Application of Integration:

Solids of Revolution
Math E2
By cylindrical shell method:

Let the area enclosed by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) and the x – axis be
revolved about the y – axis. Choose an element parallel to the given
axis of rotation (y – axis).
❖ The change in the volume of a solid formed by cylindrical shell
method is equal to the circumference of the base times the height
times the thickness of the shell.
𝑑𝑉 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ𝑡
Where: 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙
ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙
𝑡 = 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙
By cylindrical shell method:

From the figure:


𝑟=𝑥
ℎ=𝑦
𝑡 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑉 = 2𝜋𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑏
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ‫𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑥 𝑎׬‬
1. Find the volume generated by revolving about 0𝑦 , the area in
the first quadrant bounded by the curve 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0 and
the axes.

Solution:
𝑥2 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0 equation 1
𝑥 2 = −𝑦 + 4
𝑥2 = − 𝑦 − 4 𝑉 0, 4 ↓
Substitute 𝑦 = 0 in equation 1
Substitute 𝑥 = 0 in equation 1 𝑥2 − 4 = 0
𝑦=4 𝑥2 = 4
𝑥=± 4
𝑥 = ±2
1. Find the volume generated by revolving about 0y, the area in the first
quadrant bounded by the curve 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0 and the axes.

Points of intersection at 2, 0 and 0, 4

𝑟=𝑥
ℎ=𝑦
𝑡 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑉 = 2𝜋𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥
2
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 but 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0
𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥2
2
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1. Find the volume generated by revolving about 0𝑦 , the area in
the first quadrant bounded by the curve 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0 and
the axes.

2
𝑉= 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2
= 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 4𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
2
4𝑥 2 𝑥4
= 2𝜋 2 − 4
0
2 (2)4
= 2𝜋 2 2 − − 0
4
= 2𝜋(8 − 4)
𝑉 = 8𝜋 cubic units
2. Find the volume formed if the area bounded by 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 1 = 0,
the x – axis and the line 𝑥 = 2 is revolved about 0𝑥.

Solution:
𝑦 2 + 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 1 = 0 equation 1
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 = −𝑥 + 1
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 = −𝑥 + 1 + 1 Substitute 𝑥 = 2 in equation 1
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 = −𝑥 + 2 𝑦 2 + 2 − 2𝑦 − 1 = 0
𝑦−1 2 =− 𝑥−2 𝑉 2, 1 ← 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0
𝑦−1 2 =0
Substitute 𝑦 = 0 in equation 1 𝑦−1=0
𝑥=1 𝑦=1
2. Find the volume formed if the area bounded by 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 1 = 0,
the x – axis and the line 𝑥 = 2 is revolved about 0𝑥.

Points of intersection at 1, 0 and (2, 1)

𝑟=𝑦
ℎ =2−𝑥
𝑡 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑉 = 2𝜋𝑦 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 but 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 1 = 0
𝑥 = 1 + 2𝑦 − 𝑦 2
1
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 𝑦 2 − 1 + 2𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
2. Find the volume formed if the area bounded by 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 1 = 0,
the x – axis and the line 𝑥 = 2 is revolved about 0𝑥.

1
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 𝑦 2 − 1 + 2𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
1
= 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 𝑦 2 − 1 − 2𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
1
= 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦
1
𝑦2 2𝑦 3 𝑦4
= 2𝜋 − 3 + 4
2 0
(1) 2 2(1)3 (1)4
= 2𝜋 − 3 + 4 − 0
2
6−8+3
= 2𝜋
12
𝜋
𝑉= cubic units
6
3. Find the volume formed by revolving the area bounded by 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 = 0 ,
the y – axis and the lines 𝑦 = 9 about 0𝑦.

Solution:
𝑥2 − 𝑦 = 0 equation 1
𝑥 2 = 𝑦 𝑉 0, 0 ↑

Substitute 𝑥 = 0 in equation 1
𝑦=0

Substitute 𝑦 = 9 in equation 1
𝑥2 − 9 = 0
𝑥2 = 9
𝑥=± 9
𝑥 = ±3
3. Find the volume formed by revolving the area bounded by 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 = 0 ,
the y – axis and the lines 𝑦 = 9 about 0𝑦.

Points of intersection at 0,0 and (3, 9)

𝑟=𝑥
ℎ =9−𝑦
𝑡 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑉 = 2𝜋𝑥 9 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 𝑥 9 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 but 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 = 0
𝑦 = 𝑥2
3
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 𝑥 9 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
3. Find the volume formed by revolving the area bounded by 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 = 0 ,
the y – axis and the lines 𝑦 = 9 about 0𝑦.

3
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 𝑥 9 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
3
= 2𝜋 ‫׬‬0 9𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
3
9𝑥 2 𝑥4
= 2𝜋 − 4
2 0
9(3) 2 (3)4
= 2𝜋 − − 0
2 4
81 81
= 2𝜋 −
2 4
162−81
= 2𝜋 4
81𝜋
𝑉= 2
cubic units
Find the volume generated by revolving
1. the area bounded 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 − 16 = 0 and the coordinate axes
about 0𝑥
2. the area enclosed by 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 = 0 , the x – axis and the line
𝑥 = 4 about 0𝑥
3. the area bounded by 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0, the y – axis and
the line 𝑦 = 4 about the y – axis

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