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PYTHON

Gives a full beginners guide on how to learn python basic concepts and inituiatives

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4 views6 pages

PYTHON

Gives a full beginners guide on how to learn python basic concepts and inituiatives

Uploaded by

dwc4wt5fhf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here’s a concise summary of key Python concepts for beginners:

### 1. **Basic Syntax**

- **Print statement**: Displays output on the screen.

```python

print("Hello, World!")

```

- **Comments**: Use `#` for single-line comments, and triple quotes `""" """` for multi-line comments.

```python

# This is a single-line comment

"""

This is a

multi-line comment

"""

```

### 2. **Variables and Data Types**

- **Variables** store data values.

```python

name = "Alice"

age = 25

```

- **Common Data Types**:


- `int` (integer), `float` (decimal), `str` (string), `bool` (boolean), `list`, `tuple`, `dict`, `set`

```python

number = 10 # int

price = 19.99 # float

is_active = True # bool

fruits = ["apple", "banana"] # list

```

### 3. **Control Flow**

- **If-else statements**: Conditional logic.

```python

if age >= 18:

print("Adult")

else:

print("Minor")

```

- **Loops**: Repeat code using `for` or `while`.

```python

for i in range(5): # Loop from 0 to 4

print(i)

while age < 30:

age += 1
print(age)

```

### 4. **Functions**

- **Functions** define reusable blocks of code.

```python

def greet(name):

print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greet("Bob") # Calling the function

```

### 5. **Data Structures**

- **List**: Ordered, mutable collection.

```python

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

fruits.append("orange") # Add item

```

- **Tuple**: Ordered, immutable collection.

```python

coordinates = (10, 20)

```

- **Dictionary**: Unordered collection of key-value pairs.


```python

person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}

```

- **Set**: Unordered collection of unique items.

```python

unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}

```

### 6. **Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)**

- **Class**: Blueprint for creating objects.

```python

class Dog:

def __init__(self, name, breed):

self.name = name

self.breed = breed

def bark(self):

print(f"{self.name} says woof!")

dog1 = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")

dog1.bark()

```

- **Objects** are instances of classes. They hold data (attributes) and behavior (methods).
### 7. **File Handling**

- Open and work with files using `open()`.

```python

with open('file.txt', 'w') as file:

file.write("Hello, Python!")

```

### 8. **Error Handling**

- Use `try`, `except` to handle exceptions.

```python

try:

x = 10 / 0

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("Cannot divide by zero!")

```

### 9. **Modules and Libraries**

- Python includes built-in libraries like `math`, `datetime`, etc.

```python

import math

print(math.sqrt(16)) # Output: 4.0

```

### 10. **List Comprehensions**


- A concise way to create lists.

```python

squares = [x**2 for x in range(5)]

print(squares) # Output: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]

```

---

### Key Python Concepts Recap:

- **Variables** store data.

- **Control flow** (if-else, loops) dictates program behavior.

- **Functions** encapsulate reusable logic.

- **Data structures** (list, tuple, dict, set) organize data.

- **OOP** helps model real-world entities.

- **Error handling** improves program robustness.

- **Modules** add extra functionality.

- **List comprehensions** simplify code.

By practicing these basics, you'll build a strong foundation in Python!

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