SCHOLARS WORLD

BIOMOLECULES – 92Qs

PRACTICE SHEET

I. Answer The Following Questions

Q.1 Glucose or Sucrose ( Inspite Of Large Molecular Mass) are soluble in water but
cyclohexane or benzene are insoluble in water. Explain
Ans : Structure …_ OH groups… H- Bonding……….Conditions of H. Bonding

Q.2 What are the expected products of hydrolysis of lactose?

Ans: Structure … hydrolysis reaction

Q.3 How do you explain the absence of aldehyde group in the pentacetate of D-
glucose?
Ans. Show formation of……………….anomers

Q.4 The melting points and solubility in water of amino acids are generally higher
than that of the corresponding halo acids. Explain?
Ans. Structure…Zwitter ion …. Dipolar ion … electrostatic forces

Q.5 Where does the water present in the egg go after boiling the egg ?
Ans. Heat .. proteins denatured water.. absorbed /adsorbed in coagulated protein
through H Bonding

Q.6 Why cannot vitamin C be stored in our body?

Ans. Water soluble …not stored

Q.7 What products would be formed when a nucleotide from DNA containing
thymine is hydrolysed ?
Ans: 2- deoxy – D- ribose , phosphoric acid , thymine

Q.8 When RNA is hydrolysed , there is no relationship among the quantities of

different bases obtained. What does this fact suggest about the structure of RNA ?
Ans. DNA ..Complementry strands….Molar ratio of cytosine equalto guanineand

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 adenine equal to thymine(base pairingprinciple)
But RNA … no relation observed in ratio of bases…. So unlike DNA… RNA is
single stranded

Q.9 What are monosaccharides ?

Ans. Not hydrolysed… General formula ( CH2O ) n ….. aldose ..ketose
Functional group example

Q.10 What are reducing sugars ?

Ans : Carbohydrides which reduce Fehling’s reagent to red ppt of copper oxide or
Tollen’s reagent to metallic silver …. Example sucrose……….lactose

Q.11 Classify the following into monosaccharides and disaccharides.Ribose , 2-

deoxyrhibose , maltose , galactose , fructose and lactose
Ans: Mono… Ribose , 2- deoxyrhibose , galactose , fructose

Q.12 Write two main functions of carbohydrates in plants?

Ans : …notes

Q.13 What do you understand by the term glycosidic linkage ?

Ans : Notes ………………define example

Q.14 What is glycogen ? How is it different from starch ?

Ans : Starch .. mixture of 2 components…… both amylase and amylopectin
polymers of alpha D glucose ……………Amylopectincontains 20-
25glucose unitsWhileGlycogen ………is highly branched ……… than
amylopectin and … contains 10-14 glucose units

Q.15 What are the hydrolysis products of

1) sucrose 2) lactose……………… refer to book

Q.16 Hydrolysis of Sucrose is called Inversion of Sugar

Q.17 What is the basic structural difference between starch and cellulose ?
Starch Cellulose
Linear condensation polymer of Linear condensation polymer of
alpha –D– glucoseAlpha glycosidic BETA –D – glucose Neta
linkage between monosaccarides

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 Not a single Single
compound……………&…….
In starch………..Amylopectin Linear
....ishighly branched

Q.18 What happens when D- glucose is treated with the following reagents?
1. D- glucose + HI
2. D- glucose + Bromine water
3. D- glucose + HNO3

Q.19 Enumerate the reactions of D-glucose which cannot be explained by its open
structure ?
Ans : Cyclic … reason .. reaction ..

Q.20 What are essential and non essential amino acids ? Give examples ?

Q.21 DEFINE:
1) Peptide linkage 2) Primary structure 3) Denaturation

Q.22 What are the common type of secondary structure ofproteins ?

Q.23 What type of bonding helps in stabilizing the alpha helix structure of proteins ?
Ans : H.Bonding… between …
Differentiate between globular and fibrous proteins ?

Q.24 What do you explain by amphoteric behaviour of amino acids ? Ans Structure….
Acidic … basic
Reaction……. = Zwitter ion. =……..……..

Q.25 What are enzymes ?

Ans : Biological catalyst … specific…. Efficient… small quantity…. Globular …
Cofactor… coenzyme… mechanism ……. Diagram refer to surface

Q.26 What is the effect of denaturation on the structure of proteins ?

Ans : Primary intact But secondary and tertiary destroyed …. Globules unfold …
helix uncoil…

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Q.27 How are vitamins classified ? Name the vitamin responsible for coagulation of
blood ?

Q.28 Why are vitamin A and C essential to us ? Give there important sources ?

Q.29 What are nucleic acids ? Mention ther two important functions ?

Q.30 What is the difference between nucleoside and nucleotide ?

Q.31 The two strands in DNA are not identical but complementary ?Explain .
Ans :
 Two strands held by H.B.between Purine base of on strand and Pyridine base
of other
 Due the shape , size , geometry of of the bases.. the only pairing in DNA are ..
Guanine --- Cytosine through three H.B. and between Adenine and thymine
through two H.B.
 Due to this base pairing principle : The sequence of bases in one strand
automatically fixes the sequence in other

Q.32 Writ the important structural and functional differences between DNA and RNA
?
STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES
DNA RNA

Q.33 What is the structural feature characterizing reducing sugars ?

Ans : free aldehydic group ….ex….

Q.34 Fructose contains a keto group But still it reduces Tollen’s reagent
Ans : Fructose undergoes rearrangement and as a result gives an equilibrium

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 mixture of fructose , glucose andmannose ,………….since both glucose and
mannose contain --- CHO group ………….

Q.35 What are the different types of RNA found in cell

Q.36 How do you explain the presence of an aldehydic group in aglucose molecule ?

Q.37 What is essentially the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose ? What
is meant by pyranose structure of glucose ?

Q.38 Glycine exists as a zwitterion but o- and p- amino benzoic acid do not Explain .
Ans : Acidic and basic characters of - COOH and –NH2 are reduced in it as lone
pair on N are donated towards benzene…

Q.39 Comment on the specificity of enzyme action . What is the most important reason
for there specificity.

Q.40 How do enzymes differ from ordinary catalysts ?

Q.41 If one strand of a DNA has a sequence – ATGCTTCA- what is the sequence of
bases in the other strand

Q.42 When RNA is hydrolysed there is no relationship among the quantities of

different bases obtained . What does this fact suggest about the structure of RNA

Q.43 What is mutorotation ?

Q.44 Why are carbohydrates generally optically active?

Q.45 Define native state in reference to protein?

Q.46 What type of bonding occur in globular proteins.

Q.47 What is the function of fibrinogen in blood ?

Q.48 Name two amino acids which form a dipeptide which is 100 times more sweet
than cane sugar .

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Q.49 What do you understand by primary and secondary structure of proteins

Q.50 Name two diseases caused due to deficiency of enzymes .

Q.51 Explain why vitamin C cannot be stored in our body ?

Q.52 D- glucose is an aldohexose ? Why does it react with HCN but not with NaHSO3

Q.53 Ketones do not reduce tollens reagent . Why is fructose a reducing sugar ?

Q.54 Why is sucrose regarded as a non reducingsugar .

Q.55 D-glucose and D-fructose have different structures. Why do they form the same
product on reacting with excess of phenyl hydrazone?

Q.56 Cellulose in the form of plants is a food for cattle and sheep but not for human
beings. Explain.

Q.57 Except for vitamin B12, all other vitamins of group B should be supplied regularly
in diet. Why?

Q.58 An optically active compound having molecular formula C6H12O6 is found in 2

isomeric forms, A and B in nature. When A and B are dissolved in water, they
show the following equilibrium
[A]⇌Equilibrium mixture⇌[B]
Alpha(D) =111˚ 52.2˚ 19.2˚
(a) What are such isomers called?
(b) Can they be called enantiomers? Justify your answer.
(c) Draw the cyclic structure of anomer A.

Q.59 Despite having an aldehydic group, glucose does not give 2,4 DNP test. What
does it indicate?
Ans : No free aldehydic group……. Cyclic hemiacetal str……. Reagent can not
open the cyclic str

Q.60 A tetrapeptide has –COOH group on alanine. This produces Gly, Val, Phe, and
Al, on complete hydrolysis. For this tetrapeptide, what is the number of possible
sequences with –NH2 group attached to a chiral centre?

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Q.61 How will you convert glucose into fructose?

Q.62 On electrolysis in acidic solution, alpha amino acids migrate towards cathode
while in alkaline medium, they migrate towards anode. Explain.

Q.63 Name the sugar present in milk .How many monosaccarides units are present in it
? What are sucholigosaccharides called

Q.64 In nucleoside a base is attached at 1’position of sugar moiety .Nucleot-i-d-e- -i-s-

-formed by linking an phosphoric acid unit to sugar unit of nucleoside At which
position os sugar unit is the phosphoric acid linked in a nucleoside to give a
nucleotide ?
Ans : 5’ draw

Q.65 Under whatconditions glucose is converted to-------gluconic acidand sacchari – c-

acid

Q.66 The letter ‘D’ or ‘L’ before the name of a streoisomer of a compound indicates the
correlation of configuration of that particular stereoisomer This refers to their
relation with one of the isomers of glyceraldehyde Draw str of ‘D’ glucose

Q.67 Amino acid can be classified as alpha , beta , gamma and so on depending upon
the relative position of amino group with respect to carboxyl group Which ntype
of amino acid form polypeptide chain in proteins

Q.68 Alpha Helix is a secondary str of proteins formed by twisting of polypeptide chain
into a right handed screw like str Which type of interactions are responsible for
making alpha helix str stable ?
Ans : --… intra molecular H.B…………….

Q.69 Some enzyme are named after the reaction , where they areused .What name is
given to the class of enzymes which catalyse the oxidation of one substrate with
simultaneous reduction of another substrate .

Q.70 during curdling of milk , what happens to sugar present in it ?

Ans : lactose to lactic acid

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Q.71 Activation energy for acid catalysed hydrolysis of sucrose is 6.22 KJ/mol .While
the activation energy is only 2.15 KJ/mol when hydrolysis is catalysed by enzyme
sucrose Explain .

Q.72 Which moiety of nucleosides are involved in formation of phosphodiester linkage

present in nucleotides? What does theword diester in the name of linkage
indicate?
Ans : 3’-OH of one nucleotide and 5’-OH of other …….. Diester as ……….OH
of phosphoric acid is involved in ester linkage

Q.73 How will you distinguish primary and secondary hydroxyl group in glucose
Explain

Q.74 What is isoelectric point-?

Q.75 Differentate between insulin and Keratin

Q.76 Define enzymes? What is the most important reason for their specific action?

Q.77 Name the enzymes present in the saliva of human beings.

Q.78 The sucrose that we eat in daily life is converted into glucose and fructose. Name
the enzyme which facilitates this chemical reaction.
Ans : Invertase or sucrose

Q.79 How many alpha-amino units are present in a molecule of insulin?

Ans : 51 alpha amino-acid units.

Q.80 Mention the biological importance of insulin .

Q.81 Name the central metal ion in Haemoglobin and vitamin B12
Ans : Iron , Cobalt

Q.82 What is Hypervitaminoses and avitaminoses

Ans : Excess intake of Vitamin A and D caused Hyper…while multiple
deficiency caused by lack of more than one vitamin is Avitam…..

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Q.83 B- complex is an often prescribed vitamin . What is complex about it
Ans : It is a group o vitamins B1, B2 , B6 , B12 , biotin , pantothenic acid folic acid
, nicotinic acid . Since it is NOT a single …….

Q.84 Monosaccarides contain carbonyl group and are classified as aldoses or ketoses
The number of carbon atoms present in monosaccharide molecule are also
considered for classification In which class Fructose is classified

Q.85 What type of interaction make alpha helix str stable

Q.86 A tripeptide on complete hydrolysis gives glycine , alanine and phyenylalanine

Using three letter symbols Write possiblesequence of ptripeptide

Q.87 Define mutarotation

Ans : The change in the sign of the specific rotation of an optical isomer in
aqueous solution

Q.88 The forces responsible for secondary and tertiary st of protein

Q.89 Draw Haworth str for alpha –D- Glucopyranose

Q.90 Why denaturation of proteins can not be reversed ?

Q.91 Difference between Harmones and vitamin

Harmones Vitamin
1) produced by ductless glands Supplied in food Except …
Vitamin D
2) Not stored in body Continuously
produced in body

Q.92. Name the linkage when the following monomers polymerize

Monomer Linkage
Monosaccaride
Alpha amino acid
nucleotide

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 BIOMOLECULES – 11Qs

Q.1 Monomer Linkage : Name

Monosaccaride
Alpha amino acid
nucleotide

Q.2 Name the product formed on Hydrolysis of (also identify type of linkage)
Sucrose
Glycogen
Starch
DNA

Q.3 Identify ( Circle ) the Biomolecules insolublein water :Keratin , mysin , insulin ,
Albumin ,Haemoglobin

Q.4 An optically active amino acid C3 H7 NO2 can exist in three different forms
depending on pH of medium , Write the structure of cationic form in acidic
medium

Q.5 a. Write the structure of products formed when Glucose is treated with acetic
anhydride
b. Write structure of ( Haworth) alpha -D- ( + ) Glucopyranose
c. Drawthe structure of Maltose

Q.6 Name the following a. two fat storage tissues in Human Body

Q.7 Explain : alpha amino acid have much higher melting point than Haloacids

Q.8 Lack of more than one vitamin causes multiple deficiency disease called ............

Q.9 Write main difference in biological activity of denatured protein and native
proteins

Q.10 If on strand of DNA has sequence ATGCTTCA , what is the sequence of

complementary strand

Q.11 The monoamino mono carboxylic acid have 2 pKa values Explain

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