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Grade 7 Integrated Science Week 13 Cells Lesson 2

EXPLANATION OF CELLS

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28 views3 pages

Grade 7 Integrated Science Week 13 Cells Lesson 2

EXPLANATION OF CELLS

Uploaded by

matthewmenzies592
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SECONDARY ENGAGEMENT PROGRAMME

INTEGRATED SCIENCE

GRADE 7

WEEK 13 LESSON 2

Topic: Cells

Sub-topic: Cell Specialization (con’t)

Objective: Given the information students will:

- State how cells become specialized according to stages from cells to organ
systems
- Identify at least three (3) organ systems formed as a result of specialization
Content:

We can think of the basic structure and functional organization of the human body as a pyramid
or hierarchical arrangement in which the lowest level of organization (the foundation) consists
of cells and chemicals. Organs and organ systems represent the highest levels of the body's
organization.

Differentiated cells are important in a multicellular organism because they are able to perform a
specialised function in the body. However, specialisation comes at a cost.

Multicellular organisms must therefore retain some unspecialised cells that can replenish cells
when needed. These unspecialised cells are called stem cells.

Overview of organ systems

The human body consists of eleven organ systems, each of which contains several
specific organs. An organ is a unique anatomic structure consisting of groups of tissues that work
in concert to perform specific functions. Table 1 includes the structures and functions of these
eleven organ systems.

172
Organ System Functions Organs

 Barrier to invading organisms  Skin


and chemicals  Hair
Integumentary
 Temperature control  Subcutaneous tissue

 Supports and moves body  Bones


 Protects internal organs  Cartilage
Skeletal  Mineral storage  Ligaments
 Blood formation  Bone marrow

 Locomotion  Muscles
Muscular  Heat production  Tendons

 Brain
 Coordinates activities of other organ  Spinal cord
systems  Nerves
Nervous
 Responds to sensations  Eyes
 Ears

 Pituitary gland
 Parathyroid gland
 Thyroid gland
 Regulates body functions
 Adrenal gland
Endocrine by chemicals (hormones)
 Thymus
 Pancreas
 Gonads

 Transports oxygen and nutrients  Heart


to tissues  Blood
Cardiovascular
 Removes waste products  Blood vessels

 Spleen
 Returns tissue fluid to blood  Lymph nodes
Lymphatic  Defends against foreign organisms  Thymus
 Lymphatic vessels

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 Lungs
 Trachea
 Oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange  Larynx
Respiratory
 Nasal cavities
 Pharynx

 Stomach
 Intestinal tract
 Processes foods  Liver
Digestive  Absorption of nutrients into body  Pancreas
 Esophagus
 Salivary glands

 Kidneys
 Elimination of wastes
 Urinary bladder
Urinary  Regulates pH and volume of blood
 Urethra

 Ovaries
 Uterus
 Produces germ cells (eggs and sperm)
 Mammary glands
 Environment for growth
Reproductive  Testes
of fetus (female)
 Prostate gland
 External genitalia

Table 1. Organ systems of the human body

Reference

https://toxtutor.nlm.nih.gov/08-003.html

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z4my8xs/revision/2

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