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Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
INDEX

Chapter 4: Quadratic Equations

Concepts Covered:
1. Introduction
➢ What is a quadratic equation?
2. Roots of quadratic equation
3. Solution of a quadratic equation by factorisation
4. Completing the square method
5. Solution of a quadratic equation by quadratic formula (Shree dharacharya’s Rule)
➢ Discriminant
6. Nature of Roots
7. Application of quadratic equation on problem of
➢ Time and distance
➢ Mensuration
➢ Geometry
➢ Age
8. Mind Map
➢ (Colourful & Interactive/ Complete All Concept Covered)
Practice Questions (All Topics Available)
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
Quadratic Equations are the polynomial equations of degree two. Quadratic Equations are very
common in mathematics and their family of curve represent the conic section. The word quadratic
is derived from the Latin word “quadratus” which means square. Thus, the name quadratic equation
implies that these are equations with square terms.

Quadratic Equations are used to define various things they define the path and motion of multiple
objects. For example: we throw a stone in the sky then its trajectory is defined using the quadratic
equations. As quadratic equations are the equation with two degrees, they can have a maximum of
two roots. The roots of quadratic equations are the values that satisfy the quadratic equation.

What is a quadratic equation?

An algebraic equation of the second degree is called the quadratic equation. The standard form of
the quadratic equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0. The most important condition for a quadratic equation to
exist is that the coefficient of the highest degree term i.e. the coefficient of ‘x2‘ can never be zero. In
standard form, we can imply that a ≠ 0.

Quadratic equation is a type of polynomial equation of the second degree, which means it contains
a variable raised to the power of 2 (squared) as its highest exponent. The general form of a quadratic
equation is:

ax2 + bx + c = 0

Example:

• 3x2 – 11x + 23 = 0
• 5x2 = 0
• 11x2 - 13 = 0
• 2x2 + 3x + 5 = 0,
• 3x2 + 7x + 3 = 0 etc., are all quadratic equations.

In general we say that any equation of the form p(x) = 0, where p(x) is polynomial of order 2 is called
as a quadratic equation.

Example: The product of two consecutive integers is 72. Find the integers. For finding the integers
derive a quadratic equation.

Solution: Let the first integer be = x.

Therefore, the next consecutive integer = x + 1.

Hence according to the question

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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
INTRODUCTION

x(x + 1) = 72

x2 + x – 72 = 0 is the required quadratic equation.

Standard Form of Quadratic Equation

The standard form of the Quadratic Equation is,

ax2 + bx + c = 0

Where,

• x is the variable of the equation,

• a, b, and c are real numbers and constants and a ≠ 0.

In general, any second-degree polynomial P(x), when put like P(x) = 0 represents a quadratic
equation.

Example: Rahul and Ravi together have 45 candies. Both of them lost 5 candies each. The product of
number of candies both of them have now is 124. We are asked to find out the number of candies
each one had in the beginning. Formulate a quadratic equation for this problem.

Solution:

Let’s say Rahul had “x” candies.

Then Ravi must have “45 – x” candies because both of them had 45 candies.

Now after losing the candies, we are given that product of the number of candies they have is 124,
i.e.

x(45 – x) = 124

⇒ 45x – x2 = 124

⇒ x2 – 45x + 124 = 0

This is the required quadratic equation.

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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION

ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION

The values of x for which a quadratic equation is satisfied are called the roots of the quadratic
equation.

If α is a root of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, then aα2 + bα + c = 0.

A quadratic equation can have two distinct real roots, two equal roots or real roots may not exist.

Graphically, the roots of a quadratic equation are the points where the graph of the quadratic
polynomial cuts the x-axis.

Consider the graph of a quadratic equation x2 – 4 = 0

−2
For example: the roots of the quadratic equation q(x): 3x2 – 10x – 8 = 0 are x = and x = 4 as
3
−2
For x = ,
3

−2 −2 2 −2
q ( ) = 3 ( ) – 10 ( ) – 8
3 3 3
−2 4 20
⇒ q( ) = + –8
3 3 3
−2
⇒ q( ) = 0
3
For x = 4,

q(4) = 3(4)2 – 10(4) – 8

⇒ q(4) = 48– 40 − 8
⇒ q(4) = 0
Quadratic Formula

The easiest and most efficient way to calculate the roots of the quadratic equation is by using the
quadratic formula. It provides the roots of the quadratic equation in the least steps. Also, not all the
methods of solving quadratic equations work on all types of equations, but quadratic formulas can
be used to solve any type of quadratic equation.

The quadratic formula to solve the general quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is,

ax2 + bx + c = 0

−b ± √b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION

Steps for using Quadratic Formula

Follow the steps to find the roots of the quadratic equation using the Quadratic Formula,

Step 1: Arrange the given quadratic equation in standard form.

Step 2: Compare the given equation with the standard quadratic equation to find the values of a, b
and c.
[−b ± √b2 – 4ac ]
Step 3: Use the quadratic formula, x =
2a

Step 4: Simplify the value obtained in the above step to get the roots of the quadratic equation.

Example 1: Find the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 5x – 6 = 0

Solution: Given equation, x2 – 5x – 6 = 0

comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get,

a = 1, b = −5, c = −6
[−b ± √b2 – 4ac]
Using x =
2a

[−(−5) ± √(−5)2 – 4(1)(−6)]

x =
2(1)

[5 ± √25 + 24]
⇒ x =
2
[5 ± √49 ]
⇒ x =
2
Taking Positive Sign,
5 + 7 12
x = = = 6
2 2
OR

Taking Negative Sign

5– 7 −2
x = = = −1
2 2
Thus, the roots of the equation x2 – 5x – 6 = 0 are x = 6 and x = -1

Example 2: If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 + ax – b = 0, then find a and b.

Solution: Sum of the roots = a + b = -? = -a

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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION

Product of the roots = ab = ? = -b

= a + b = -a and ab = -b

⇒ 2a = -b and a = -1

⇒ b = 2 and a = -1
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
SOLUTION OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION BY FACTORISATION

SOLUTION OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION BY FACTORISATION

A quadratic equation can be considered a factor of two terms. Like ax2 + bx + c = 0 can be written as
(x – x1)(x – x2) = 0 where x1 and x2 are roots of quadratic equation.

Steps of Solving Quadratic Equations Using Factorization

We can use the following steps to solve quadratic equations using factorization:

Step 1: Find two numbers such that the product of the numbers is ‘ac’ and the sum is ‘b’.

Step 2: Then write x coefficient as the sum of these two numbers and split them such that you get
two terms for x.

Step 3: Factor the first two as a group and the last two terms as another group.

Step 4: Take common factors from these and on equating the two expressions with zero after taking
common factors and rearranging the equation we get the roots.

Example 1: Find out the solutions of the given quadratic equation using the factorization method.

2x2 – 3x + 1 = 0

Solution: Given, 2x2 – 3x + 1 = 0

⇒ 2x2 – 2x – x + 1 = 0

⇒ 2x(x – 1) – 1(x – 1) = 0

⇒ (2x – 1) (x – 1) = 0

Now this equation is zero when either of these two terms or both of these terms are zero

So,
1
Putting 2x – 1 = 0, we get x =
2

Similarly, x – 1 = 0, we get x = 1
1
Thus, we get two roots x = 1 and
2

Example 2: Factorize 3x2 + 7x + 4 = 0

Solution: 3x2 + 7x + 4 = 0

Here, a = 3, b = 7, c = 4

ac = 3 × 4 = 12

Let’s identify two numbers such that their sum is 7 and the product is 12.
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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
SOLUTION OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION BY FACTORISATION

Factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

Sum of two factors = 7

Product of those two factors = 12

Number 1 = 3 and number 2 = 4

1
Now, substitute these two numbers in the formula ( ) [ax + (number 1)] [ax + (number 2)] = 0.
a

1
( ) (3x + 3)(3x + 4) = 0
3
(3x + 3)(3x + 4) = 0

3(x + 1)(3x + 4) = 0

(x + 1)(3x + 4) = 0

Thus, (x + 1) and (3x + 4) are the factors of the given quadratic equation.
4
By solving these, we get x = −1, − as roots.
3
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
COMPLETING THE SQUARE METHOD

COMPLETING THE SQUARE METHOD

Using the square root property it is possible to solve any quadratic equation written in the form (x +
b)2 = c . The key to setting these problems into the correct form is to recognize that (x + b)2 is a perfect
square trinomial. To turn the equation given into one that can be solved using the square root
property, the following must be done:

Given: ax2 + bx + c = 0

• If a ≠ 1 divide both sides by a.

• Rewrite the equation so that both terms containing variables are on one side of the equation
and the constant is on the other.
• Take half of the coefficient of x and square it.
• Add the square to both sides.
• One side should now be a perfect square trinomial. Write it as the square of a binomial.
• Use the square root property to complete the solution.

Example 1: Solve 2a2 – 4a – 5 = 0 by completing the square.

Solution: Step 1: Divide the equation by a

5
a2 − 2a − =0
2
Step 2: Move the constant term to the right side of the equation.
5
a2 − 2a =
2
Step 3: Take half of the coefficient for x and square it.
1 −2
( ) ( ) = −1
2 1
(−1)2 = 1

Step 4: Add the square to both sides of the equation.

5
a2 − 2a + 1 = +1
2
Step 5: Factor the perfect square trinomial
7
(a − 1)2 =
2
Step 6: Take the square root of both sides.
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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
COMPLETING THE SQUARE METHOD

7 2 √14
√(a − 1)2 = ±√ (√ ) = ±
2 2 2

√14
(a − 1) = ±
2
√14
a=1±
2
2 √14 2 √14
a= + or a = −
2 2 2 2
2 + √14 2 − √14
a= or a =
2 2
Example 1: Find the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + 4x – 5 = 0 by the method of completing the
square.

Solution: Given quadratic equation is:

x2 + 4x – 5 = 0

Comparing the equation with the standard form,

b = 4, c = -5

b 2 b2
(x + ) = − (c – )
2 4

4 2 42
So, [x + ( )] = − [−5 – ( )]
2 4

(x + 2)2= 5 + 4

⇒ (x + 2)2 = 9

⇒ (x + 2) = ±√9
⇒ (x + 2) = ± 3

⇒ x + 2 = 3, x + 2 = -3

⇒ x = 1, -5

Therefore, the roots of the given equation are 1 and -5.

Example 2: Find the roots of the quadratic equation 3x2 – 5x + 2 = 0 by completing the square.
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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
COMPLETING THE SQUARE METHOD

Solution: Given quadratic equation is:

3x2 – 5x + 2 = 0

The given equation is not in the form to which we apply the method of completing squares, i.e., the
coefficient of x2 is not 1. To make it 1, we need to divide the whole equation with 3.
5 2
x2 – x + = 0
3 3
Comparing with the standard form,
5 2
b = − ;c =
3 3
b2 2 5 2 2 25 24 – 25 1
c– = – [(− ) ] = ( ) – ( ) = = −
4 3 3 4 3 36 36 36
b 2 b2
Substituting these values in the equation (x + ) = − (c – ) we get,
2 4

5 2 1
⇒ (x – ) =
6 36

5 1
⇒ (x – ) = ± √
6 36

5 1
⇒ x– = ±
6 6
2
⇒ x = 1, −
3
2
Therefore, the roots of the given equation are 1 and − .
3
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION BY FORMULA (SHREE DHARACHARYA’S RULE)

SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION BY FORMULA (SHREE

DHARACHARYA’S RULE)
Sridharacharya Formula is a mathematical formula that is used to solve quadratic equations. The
Sridharacharya formula is commonly also known as the quadratic formula. Sridharacharya gave a
method to solve the quadratic equations and hence it is named after the great
mathematician and is called the Sridharacharya Formula.

Sridharacharya Formula?

Sridharacharya Formula is also known as the quadratic formula or

Sridharacharya Method. Sridharacharya Method is used to find solutions
to quadratic equations of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0 and is given by x =
−b ± √b2 −4ac
. It is named after the famous mathematician Sridharacharya who
2a
derived the Sridharacharya Method. It is one of the main math formulas. Quadratic
equations can be solved using different methods such as factorization method, Sridharacharya
formula (also known as the quadratic formula).

−b ± √b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
Sridharacharya Formula Proof
√(b2 − 4ac)
Now that we know that the Sridharacharya Formula is x = (−b ± ) which gives the
2a
solution of the Sridharacharya equation ax2 + bx + c = 0. We will derive the formula for Sridharacharya
method using fundamental operations of math.

We have,

ax 2 + bx + c = 0
1 1
⇒ ( ) ax 2 + bx + c = ( ) 0 [Dividing both sides of the quadratic equation by a since a ≠ 0]
a a

b c
⇒ x2 + ( ) x + ( ) = 0
a a
b c c c c
⇒ x 2 + ( ) x + ( ) − ( ) = − ( ) [Subtracting ( ) from both sides of the equation]
a a a a a

b c
⇒ x2 + ( ) x = − ( )
a a
b b2 c b2 b2
⇒ x2 + ( ) x + = −( ) + [Completing squares by adding to both sides of the
a 4a2 a 4a2 4a2
equation]
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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION BY FORMULA (SHREE DHARACHARYA’S RULE)

b 2 b2 − 4ac
⇒ (x + ) =
2a 4a2
b √(b2 − 4ac))
⇒ (x + ) = ± [Taking square root on both sides]
2a 2a

b √b2 −4ac b
⇒ x = − ± [Subtracting from both sides of the
2a 2a 2a
equation]

−b ± √b 2 − 4ac
⇒ x =
2a
−b ± √b2 − 4ac
Hence, we have derived the Sridharacharya Formula is x = to determine the solution
2a
of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0.

Discriminant
The discriminant formulas give us an overview of the nature of the roots. The discriminant of a
quadratic equation is derived from the quadratic formula. The discriminant is denoted by D or Δ. The
discriminant formulas for a quadratic equation and cubic equation are:

• The discriminant formula of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is in terms of a, b, and c.

∆ (or) D = b2 − 4ac

• The discriminant formula of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 is in terms of a, b, c and d.

∆ (or) D = b2 c 2 − 4ac 3 − 4b3 d − 27a2 d2 + 18abcd

Discriminant Formula of a Quadratic Equation

The discriminant formula of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is, Δ (or) D = b2 - 4ac. We know that
a quadratic equation has a maximum of 2 roots as its degree is 2. We know that the quadratic formula
is used to find the roots of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0.
√(b2 − 4ac) ]
According to the quadratic formula, the roots can be found using x = [−b ± [2a]
. Here, b2 -
4ac is the discriminant D and it is inside the square root. Thus, the quadratic formula becomes x =
[−b ± √D ]
[2a]
. Here D can be either > 0, = 0, (or) < 0. Let us determine the nature of the roots in each of
these cases.
[−b ± √positive number]
• If D > 0, then the quadratic formula becomes x = [2a]
and hence in this case
the quadratic equation has two distinct real roots.
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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION BY FORMULA (SHREE DHARACHARYA’S RULE)

[−b]
• If D = 0, then the quadratic formula becomes x = [2a]
and hence in this case the quadratic
equation has only one real root.
[−b ± √negative number]
• If D < 0, then the quadratic formula becomes x = [2a]
and hence in this case
the quadratic equation has two distinct complex roots (this is because the square root of a
negative number of results in an imaginary number. For example, √(−4) = 2i).

Discriminant Formula of a Cubic Equation

The discriminant formula of a cubic equation ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 is, Δ (or) D = b2c2 − 4ac3 − 4b3d −
27a2d2 + 18abcd. We know that a cubic equation has a maximum of 3 roots as its degree is 3. Here,

• If D > 0, all the three roots are real and distinct.

• If D = 0, then all the three roots are real where at least two of them are equal to each other.
• If D < 0, then two of its roots are complex numbers and the third root is real.

We can see the applications of the discriminant formulas in the following section.

Example: Determine the discriminant of the quadratic equation 5x2 + 3x + 2 = 0. Also, determine the
nature of its roots.

Solution:

The given quadratic equation is 5x2 + 3x + 2 = 0.

Comparing this with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get a = 5, b = 3, and c = 2.

Using discriminant formula,

D = b2 - 4ac

= 32 - 4(5)(2)

= 9 - 40

= -31 < 0

Hence the equation has non real roots.

Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
NATURE OF ROOTS

NATURE OF ROOTS
Sridharacharya Formula is a mathematical formula that is used to solve quadratic equations. An
equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0 is called a quadratic equation.

The standard form of a quadratic equation looks like this:

This is a quadratic equation in variable x.

But always remember that a is a non-zero value.

Now, to find the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation, we will first calculate the roots of the
equation.

Nature of roots specifies that the equation has real roots, irrational roots, or imaginary roots.

Imaginary roots are also known as unreal roots.

Quadratic Formula

Here is the quadratic formula used to find the roots of a quadratic equation.

ax2 + bx + c = 0
Page 2
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
NATURE OF ROOTS

−b ± √b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
Discriminant Formula

Do you observe the term b2 − 4ac in the quadratic formula?

This is called a "discriminant" because it discriminates the roots of the quadratic equation based on
its sign.

The discriminant is used to find the nature of roots of a quadratic equation.

b2 − 4ac > 0 -In this case, the quadratic equation has two distinct real roots.

b2 − 4ac = 0 - In this case, the quadratic equation has one repeated real root.

b2 − 4ac < 0 - In this case, the quadratic equation has no real root.

Example: Let us consider the quadratic equation 2x2 + x – 3 = 0

Let’s find the determinant to find the nature of the roots.

b2 – 4ac = 12 – 4 × 2 × (-3)

= 1 + 24

= 25 > 0

This means that the quadratic equation has two real and distinct roots.

Look at the graph of this quadratic equation shown below.

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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
NATURE OF ROOTS

This is how the quadratic equation is represented on a graph.

This curve is called a parabola.

Observe that the parabola intersects the x-axis at two distinct points.

The zeroes of the quadratic equation 2x2 + x – 3 = 0 are the x coordinates of the points where the
3
graph of the polynomial intersects the x-axis, that is, − and 1.
2

Types of Roots

There are three types of roots of a quadratic equation

ax2 + bx + c = 0:

Real and Distinct Roots

• The discriminant is positive, that is, b2 − 4ac > 0.

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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
NATURE OF ROOTS

• The curve intersects the x-axis at two distinct points.

b2 – 4ac > 0
Two real & distinct roots

Real and Equal Roots

• The discriminant is equal to zero, that is,

• b2 − 4ac = 0 The curve intersects the x-axis at only one point.

b2 – 4ac = 0
Equal roots
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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
NATURE OF ROOTS

Example: What will be the nature of roots of quadratic equation 2x2 + 4x – n = 0?

Solution: D = b2 – 4ac

⇒ 42 – 4 × 2 (-7)

⇒ 16 + 56 = 72 > 0

Hence, roots of quadratic equation are real and unequal.

Complex Roots

• The discriminant is negative, that is, b2 – 4ac < 0.

• The curve does not intersect the x-axis.

b2 – 4ac < 0
No real roots
Nature of Roots Calculator

Use the below simulation to find the nature of roots of a quadratic equation graphically.

Use the sliders to adjust the values of a, b and c, the simulation then gives the value of the
discriminant, the number of real roots, and shows the graph of the quadratic equation.
Page 6
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
NATURE OF ROOTS

Example: Elsie has a two-digit secret number.

She gives a few hints to her friend Mia to crack it.

She says, "It is the value of the discriminant of the quadratic equation x2 + 9x + 14 = 0." Can you
guess the lucky number?

Solution: The quadratic equation is x2 + 9x + 14 = 0

On comparing it with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get a = 1, b = 9 and c = 14

Let's use the discriminant formula to find the discriminant.

Discriminant = b2 - 4ac

= 92 - 4(1) (14)

= 81 – 56

= 25
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
APPLICATION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION ON PROBLEM OF

APPLICATION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION ON PROBLEM OF

Time and distance
A train covers a distance of 200km at constant speed. If the speed of the train is increased by
10km/hr, the journey would have taken 1 hour less. Find the original speed of the train.

Let x km/hr be the constant speed of the train. Then,

Distance 200
Time taken to cover 200 km = = hrs.
Speed x

km 200
Time taken to cover 200 km when the speed is increased by 10 = hrs.
hr x+10

According to the question,

200 200
− =1
x x + 10
200(x + 10) − 200x
=1
x(x + 10)
200x + 2000 − 200x = x(x + 10)
2000 = x 2 + 10x
x 2 + 10x − 2000 = 0
x 2 + 50x − 40x − 2000 = 0
x(x + 50) − 40(x + 50) = 0
x = 50 or x = 40
Rejecting the negative value, so x = 40.

Hence, the original speed of the train is 40km/hr.

Mensuration
A rectangular piece of cardboard measuring 40cm by 30cm is to be made into an open box with a
base of 936 cm2 by cutting equal squares from the four corners and then binding up the sides. Find
the length of the side of the square that must be cut from each corner.
Sketch a diagram to represent the problem.
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Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
APPLICATION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION ON PROBLEM OF

Let the side length of the square be xcm. Then, the length of the base = (40 – 2x)cm and the width
of the base = (30 – 2x)cm.
Area of the base = (40 - 2x) (30 - 2x)
936 = 1200 – 80x - 60x + 4x2
4x2 – 140x + 264 = 0
x2 – 35x + 66 = 0
x2 – 33x – 2x + 66 = 0
x(x - 33) – 2 (x - 33) = 0
(x - 2) (x - 33) = 0
x = 2 or x = 33
Rejecting x = 33 as it would cause the length and width of the rectangle to result in negative values.
Therefore, the length of the side of the square that must be cut from the cardboard is 2cm.

Geometry
The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 5cm. If the smaller side is tripled and the larger side is ten times,
the new hypotenuse will be 41cm. Find the length of each side.
Let the smaller side of the right triangle be x cm and the larger side be y cm. Then
x2 + y2 = 52 …(1) [By Pythagoras theorem]
According to the question,
(3x)2 + (10y)2 = 412
9x2 + 100y2 = 1681 …(2)
From (1), we get
y2 = 25 – x2
Page 3
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
APPLICATION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION ON PROBLEM OF

Substituting the above equation in (2), we have

9x2 + 100 (25 – x2) = 1681
9x2 + 2500 – 100x2 = 1681
91x2 = 819
x2 = 9
x = ±3
Rejecting the negative value as length cannot be negative, so x = 3.
Hence, length of the smaller side is 3 cm and the length of the larger side

= √25 − x 2 = √25 − 9 = √16.

Age
Six years ago Rahul's age was two times the square of Gaurav's age. Four years hence, Gaurav's age
will be one fourths of Rahul's age. Find their present ages.
Let Gaurav's age six years ago be x years. Then, Rahul's age six years ago was 2x 2 years.
∴ Gaurav's present age = (x + 6) years.
Rahul's present age = (2x2 + 6) years.
Four years hence, we have
Gaurav's age = (x + 6 + 4) years = (x + 10) years.
Rahul's age = (2x2 + 6 + 4) years = (2x2 + 10) years.
According to the question,
1
(x + 10) = (2x 2 + 10)
4
4(x + 10) = 2x 2 + 10
4x + 40 = 2x 2 + 10
2x 2 − 4x − 30 = 0
x 2 − 2x − 15 = 0
x 2 − 5x + 3x − 15 = 0
x(x − 5) + 3(x − 5) = 0
(x − 5)(x + 3) = 0
Page 4
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
APPLICATION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION ON PROBLEM OF

⇒ x = 5 or x = −3
Rejecting the negative value as the age cannot be negative, so x = 5.
Hence, Gaurav's present age = x + 6 = 5 + 6 = 11 years.
and Rahul's present age =2x2 + 6 = 2(5)2 + 6 = 56 years.
 Quadratic Equations
DPP-01
Topic: Quadratic Equation

Q6. Represent the following situations mathematically: (in one variable)

(i) In an auditorium, chairs are arranged in rows and columns. When the number of rows was
doubled and number of chairs in each row is reduced by 10 (initially the number of rows
and number of chairs in each row are same), the total number of chairs increased by 300.
(ii) The sum of areas of two squares is 841 m2 and the difference of their perimeters is 4 m.
(iii) The difference between two natural numbers is 4 and the difference between their
1
reciprocals is .
8

(iv) The sum of the squares of two natural numbers is 116 and the square of the larger is 25
times the smaller.
(v) The sum of numerator and denominator is 11. If 1 is added to both the numerator and the
3
denominator, then the fraction increased by .
56

Q7. Check whether the given equations are quadratic or not.

(i) (𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 − 2) = 2
(ii) 𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥 + 6
(iii) 𝑥𝑥 3 − 4𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 + 1 = (𝑥𝑥 − 2)3
(iv) (𝑥𝑥 + 2)3 = 3𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 2 − 1)
1
(v) �𝑥𝑥 − � = 2, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑥

Q8. How many maximum numbers of roots can a quadratic equation have?
 Answers
Q1.

(i) 𝑥𝑥 2 − 20𝑥𝑥 − 300 = 0

(ii) 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 420 = 0 or 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 420 = 0
(iii) 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 32 = 0 or 𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑥 + 32 = 0
(iv) 𝑥𝑥 2 + 25𝑥𝑥 − 116 = 0, where 𝑥𝑥 is smaller natural number
(v) 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 43𝑥𝑥 − 220 = 0 or 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 109𝑥𝑥 + 616 = 0

Q2. (i), (iii), (v)

Q3. 2
 Quadratic Equations
DPP-02
Topic: Solution of Quadratic Equation by Factorisation

Q1. Using factorisation, solve each of the following equations:

(i) 𝑥 2 = 6𝑥
(ii) 𝑥 2 = 25
(iii) 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 0
(iv) 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 27 = 0
(v) (𝑥 − 2)2 − 16 = 0

Q2. Using factorisation, solve each of the following quadratic equations:

(i) 𝑎2 𝑥 2 − 𝑏 2 = 0
(ii) 5𝑥 2 − 35 = 0
(iii) 𝑎𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑏𝑥 = 0
(iv) 𝑥 2 − 4𝑞𝑥 + 4𝑞 2 = 0
(v) 2𝑧 2 + 𝑧 − 1 = 0
1 1
(vi) 𝑥2 − 𝑥− =0
12 12
11 15
(vii) 𝑥2 − 𝑥+ =0
4 8
17 3
(viii) 5𝑥 2 − 𝑥+ =0
2 2

(ix) 𝑦 2 + 2√3𝑦 + 3 = 0
(x) 9𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 − 2 = 0
Q3. Solve the following quadratic equations by factorisation method:

(i) 𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 + (𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐)𝑥 − 𝑏𝑐 = 0

(ii) 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0
1 1 1 1
(iii) = + + ; (𝑥 ≠ 0)
𝑎+𝑏+𝑥 𝑎 𝑏 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥+1 34
(iv) + = ; (𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ −1)
𝑥+1 𝑥 15

Q4. A boat moving at 9 km/hr in still water goes 12 km downstream and comes back in 3 hours.
Determine the speed of water.
Q5. A journey of 192 km from Mumbai to Pune takes 2 hours less by a superfast train than that by an
ordinary passenger train. If the average speed of the slower train is 16 km/hr less than that of the faster
train, then determine the average speeds.
 Answers

Q1.

(i) 𝑥 = 0,6,
(ii) 𝑥 = ±5
(iii) 𝑥 = 3,3,
(iv) 𝑥 = 3, −9,
(v) 𝑥 = 6, −2

Q2.
𝑏
(i) 𝑥 = ±
𝑎
(ii) 𝑥 = ±√7
(iii) 𝑥 = 0,2𝑏
(iv) 𝑥 = 2𝑞.
1
(v) 𝑧 = −1,
2
1 −1
(vi) 𝑥 = ,
3 4

3 5
(vii) 𝑥 = ,
2 4
1 3
(viii) 𝑥 = ,
5 2

(ix) 𝑦 = −√3
2 −1
(x) 𝑦 = ,
3 3

Q3.
𝑐 −𝑏
(i) 𝑥 = ,
𝑏 𝑎
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
(ii) 𝑥 = ,
2 2
(iii) 𝑥 = −𝑎, 𝑥 = −𝑏
−5 3
(iv) 𝑥 = ,
2 2

Q4. 3 km/h

Q5. 32 km/h, 48 km/h

 Quadratic Equations
DPP-03
Topic: Solution of Quadratic Equation by Completing the Square

Q15. Solve the following quadratic equations by completing the square and also using quadratic
formula:
(i) 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 10 = 0
(ii) 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0
(iii) 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 1 = 0
(iv) 𝑎(𝑥 2 + 1) = 𝑥(𝑎2 + 1)
(v) (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 5) = 3(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2) + 2𝑥
(vi) 5𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 10 = 0
(vii) 6𝑥 2 = 𝑥 + 1
(viii) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 = (2𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥
(ix) 3𝑦 2 + (6 + 4𝑎)𝑦 + 8𝑎 = 0
(x) 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 ≠ 0

Q16. A rectangular hall is 30 m by 20 m. If equal number of metres are to be added to the length and to
the breadth so that the area of the hall is doubled, then find the dimensions of the new hall.

Q17. The height of a ball thrown into air with the initial vertical velocity of 24 ft/s from a height of 6
feet above the ground is given by the equation ℎ = −16𝑡 2 + 24𝑡 + 6, where 𝑡 is the time (in seconds),
that the ball has been in the air. After how many seconds is the ball at a height of 14 feet?
8
Q18. The sum of two natural numbers is 8. Determine the numbers, if the sum of their reciprocals is .
15
Q19. Find two consecutive odd natural numbers, the sum of whose squares is 202.

Q20. There are three consecutive positive integers such that the sum of the square of first and the
product of other two is 154. Find the integers.

Q21. The age of a mother is the square of the age of her son. 5 years hence, mother's age will be three
times the age of her son. Find their present ages.

Q22. In a group of children, each child gives a gift to every other child. If the number of gifts is 240,
then find the number of children.

Q23. 𝐴 person starts from 𝐴 towards 𝐵 at 7 a.m. and another starts at the same time from 𝐵 towards 𝐴.
They meet at 9a. m. at 36 km from 𝐴. When one arrives at 𝐴 the other is 30 km from 𝐵. What is the
distance between 𝐴 and 𝐵 ?
 Answers

Q15.
(i) 𝑥 = 4 ± √6
(ii) 𝑥 = 2 ± √3
√3
(iii) 𝑥 =1±
2
1
(iv) 𝑥 = 𝑎,
𝑎
−1±√29
(v) 𝑥=
2

(vi) No real solution

1 −1
(vii) 𝑥= ,
2 3

(viii) 𝑥 = 2𝑎, 𝑏
4𝑎
(ix) 𝑥 = −2, −
3

−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
(x) 𝑥=
2𝑎

Q16. 40 m by 30 m
1
Q17. s, 1 s
2

Q18. 3 and 5
Q19. 9,11
Q20. 8,9,10
Q21. 5 and 25
Q22. 16
Q23. 90 km
 Quadratic Equation

DPP-04

Topic: Nature of Roots

Q1. Write the discriminant of the following equations:

(i) 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 = 0
(ii) 2√3𝑥 2 − √2𝑥 − √3 = 0
(iii) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0
(iv) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0
(v) 4𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑥 + 2 = 0

Q2. Determine which of the following quadratic equations have real roots?
4 3
(i) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + = 0
3 4
(ii) 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 5 = 0
(iii) 𝑥 2 − 2√3𝑥 + √3 = 0
(iv) 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 5 = 0
(v) 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1 = 0

Q3. Find which of the following quadratic equations have equal roots?
(i) 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 0
(ii) 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
(iii) 2𝑦 2 + 15𝑦 + 30 = 0
(iv) (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥(𝑎2 𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑑 2 ) + (𝑐 2 + 𝑑 2 )2 = 0
(v) 16𝑦 2 − 40𝑦 + 25 = 0

Q4. Determine the condition for 𝑝 for which the given quadratic equations has real roots.
(i) 𝑝𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 = 0
(ii) 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑝 = 0

Q5. If the roots of the equation 𝑝𝑥 2 − 2𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟 = 0 and 𝑞𝑥 2 − 2�𝑝𝑟𝑥 + 𝑞 = 0 are simultaneously real,
then prove that 𝑞 2 = 𝑝𝑟.

Q6. If the roots of the equation

(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 2 − 2(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑)𝑥 + (𝑐 2 + 𝑑 2 ) = 0

are equal, then prove that 𝑎: 𝑏 = 𝑐: 𝑑

Q7. If the roots of the equation (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 2 + (𝑏 − 𝑐)𝑥 + (𝑐 − 𝑎) = 0 are equal, then prove that 2𝑎 =
𝑏 + 𝑐.

Q8. If the roots of the equation 𝑝(𝑞 − 𝑟)𝑥 2 + 𝑞(𝑟 − 𝑝)𝑥 + 𝑟(𝑝 − 𝑞) = 0 are equal, then show that
1 1 2
+ = .
𝑝 𝑟 𝑞
Q9. If the equation (1 + 𝑚2 )𝑥 2 + 2𝑚𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 = 0 has equal roots, then prove that 𝑐 2 =
𝑎2 (1 + 𝑚2 ).
 Answers

Q1. (i) 12, (ii) 26, (iii) -3, (iv) 5, (v) 𝑎2 − 32

Q2. (i), (ii), (iii), (v)
Q3. (i), (ii), (iv), (v)
Q4.
(i) 𝑝 ≤ 4
9
(ii) 𝑝 ≤
8
 Quadratic Equations

Previous Years Questions

4.2 Quadratic Equations

VSA (1 mark)
13
1. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑘𝑦 2 − 11𝑦 + (𝑘 − 23) = 0 is more than the
21
product of the roots, then find the value of 𝑘.
(Term II, 2021-22)

2. Write the quadratic equation in 𝑥 whose roots are 2 and -5.

(2021 C)
1
3. If one root of the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 is − , then find the value of 𝑘.
3

(2019 C)

4. Find the value of 𝑘 for which the roots of the equation 3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 are reciprocal of each
other.
(Delhi 2019)

5. Find the value of 𝑘 for which 𝑥 = 2 is a solution of the equation 𝑘𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 = 0.

(Al 2019)

6. If 𝑥 = 3 is one root of the quadratic equation

𝑥 2 − 2𝑘𝑥 − 6 = 0, then find the value of 𝑘.

(2018)
1
7. If 𝑥 = − , is a solution of the quadratic equation 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑘𝑥 − 3 = 0, find the value of 𝑘.
2

(Delhi 2015)

SA I (2 marks)
8. Find the sum and product of the roots of the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 4 = 0.
(2023)

9. Find the value of 𝑝, for which one root of the quadratic equation 𝑝𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 8 = 0 is 6 times the
other.
 (Al 2017)

10. If 𝑥 = 2/3 and 𝑥 = −3 are roots of the quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0, find the values of 𝑎
and 𝑏.
(Delhi 2016)

SA II (3 marks)
11. Find the value of ' 𝑝 ' for which one root of the quadratic equation 𝑝𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 8 = 0 is 6 times the
other.
(2023)
5
12. One root of the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 𝑘 = 0 is . Find the value of 𝑘. Also, find the other
2
root.
(2021 C)

4.3 Solution of a Quadratic Equation by Factorisation

MCQ
13. The roots of the equation 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10 = 0 are
(a) 2, −5
(b) −2,5
(c) 2,5
(d) −2, −5
(2023)

SA I (2 marks)
14. Solve the quadratic equation for 𝑥 :
𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 − (4𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 ) = 0

(Term II, 2021-22, AI 2015)

15. Solve for 𝑥 :

𝑥+1 𝑥−2 2𝑥 + 3
+ =4− ; 𝑥 ≠ 1, −2,2
𝑥−1 𝑥+2 𝑥−2
(Delhi 2016)

16. Solve for 𝑥: √2𝑥 + 9 + 𝑥 = 13

(Al 2016)
17. Solve for 𝑥: √6𝑥 + 7 − (2𝑥 − 7) = 0
(AI 2016)

18. A two digit number is four times the sum of the digits. It is also equal to 3 times the product of digits.
Find the number.
(Foreign 2016)
1 1 1
19. Solve for 𝑥: − = , 𝑥 ≠ 3, −5
𝑥−3 𝑥+5 6

(Foreign 2016)

20. Solve for 𝑥 (in terms of 𝑎 and 𝑏 ) :

𝑎 𝑏
+ = 2, 𝑥 ≠ 𝑎, 𝑏 (Foreign 2016) Ev
𝑥−𝑏 𝑥−𝑎

21. Solve the following quadratic equation for 𝑥 :

4𝑥 2 − 4𝑎2 𝑥 + (𝑎4 − 𝑏 4 ) = 0

(Delhi 2015)

22. Solve the following quadratic equation for 𝑥 :

9𝑥 2 − 6𝑏 2 𝑥 − (𝑎4 − 𝑏 4 ) = 0

(Delhi 2015)

23. Solve the following quadratic equation for 𝑥 :

4𝑥 2 + 4𝑏𝑥 − (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0

(Al 2015)

24. Solve for 𝑥 :

𝑥 2 − (√3 + 1)𝑥 + √3 = 0

(Foreign 2015)

25. Solve the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎2 = 0 for 𝑥.

(Delhi 2014)

SA II (3 marks)
26. Sum of the areas of two squares is 157 m2 . If the sum of their perimeters is 68 m, find the sides of
the two squares.
(2019)
27. A plane left 30 minutes later than its scheduled time and in order to reach the destination 1500 km
away in time, it had to increase its speed by 100 km/h from the usual speed. Find its usual speed.
(2018)

28. Solve for 𝑥 :

2𝑥 1 3𝑥 + 9
+ + = 0, 𝑥 ≠ 3, −3/2
𝑥 − 3 2𝑥 + 3 (𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 + 3)

(Delhi 2016)

29. Solve the following quadratic equation for 𝑥 :

𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
𝑥2 + � + �𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎
(Delhi 2016)

30. Solve for 𝑥 :

1 1 2
+ = , 𝑥 ≠ 1,2,3
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) 3

(Al 2016)

31. Three consecutive natural numbers are such that the square of the middle number exceeds the
difference of the squares of the other two by 60. Find the numbers.
(AI 2016)
1 2 1 3
32. Solve for 𝑥: + = , 𝑥 ≠ 0, , 2.
𝑥 2𝑥−3 𝑥−2 2

(Foreign 2016) Ev

33. Solve for 𝑥 :

2𝑥 2 + 6√3𝑥 − 60 = 0

34. Solve for 𝑥 :

𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − (𝑎2 + 𝑎 − 6) = 0

(Foreign 2015)

35. Solve the equation

4 5 3
−3= ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, − , for 𝑥.
𝑥 2𝑥+3 2

(Delhi 2014)
 3 1 2 1
36. Solve the equation − = ; 𝑥 ≠ −1, 𝑥 ≠ , for 𝑥.
𝑥+1 2 3𝑥−1 3

(Delhi 2014)

37. Solve the equation

14 5
−1= ; 𝑥 ≠ −3, −1, for 𝑥
𝑥+3 𝑥+1
(Delhi 2014)

38. Solve for 𝑥 :

16 15
−1= ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, −1
𝑥 𝑥+1

LA (4/5/6 marks)
39. In the picture given below, one can see a rectangular in-ground swimming pool installed by a family
in their backyard. There is a concrete sidewalk around the pool of width 𝑥 m. The outside edges of
the sidewalk measure 7 m and 12 m. The area of the pool is 36 sq. m.

Based on the information given above, form a quadratic equation in terms of 𝑥.

Find the width of the sidewalk around the pool.

(Term II, 2021-22) Ap

40. The sum of two numbers is 34. If 3 is subtracted from one number and 2 is added to another, the
product of these two numbers becomes 260. Find the numbers.
(Term II, 2021-22)

41. The hypotenuse (in cm ) of a right angled triangle is 6 cm more than twice the length of the shortest
side. If the length of third side is 6 cm less than thrice the length of shortest side, then find the
dimensions of the triangle.
(Term II, 2021-22)
42. A 2-digit number is such that the product of its digits is 24. If 18 is subtracted from the number, the
digits interchange their places. Find the number.
(Term II, 2021-22)
43. Sum of the areas of two squares is 544 m2 . If the difference of their perimeters is 32 m, find the
sides of the two squares.
(2020)

44. A motorboat whose speed is 18 km/h in still water takes 1 hour more to go 24 km upstream than to
return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream.

(NCERT, 2020, 2018, Al 2014)

45. Solve the following equation for 𝑥 :

1 2 7
+ = , 𝑥 ≠ −1, −2, −5
𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+5
(2019 C)
7
46. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 1 hours. The tap with longer diameter takes 2 hours less
8
than the tap with smaller one to fill the tank separately. Find the time in which each tap can fill the
tank separately.
(Delhi 2019)

47. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5 km/hr more, it would have taken
1hr less for the same journey. Find the speed of the train.
(NCERT, Al 2019)

48. Solve for 𝑥 :

1 1 1 1
= + + ; 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ −(𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑎+𝑏+𝑥 𝑎 𝑏 𝑥
(Al 2019)

49. A train travels at a certain average speed for a distance of 63 km and then travels a distance of 72 km
at an average speed of 6 km/hr more than its original speed. If it takes 3 hours to complete total
journey, what is the original average speed?
(2018)

50. Speed of a boat in still water is 15 km/h. It goes 30 km upstream and returns back at the same point
in 4 hours 30 minutes. Find the speed of the stream.
(Delhi 2017)

51. Solve for 𝑥 :

 1 3 5 1
+ = , 𝑥 ≠ −1, − , −4
𝑥 + 1 5𝑥 + 1 𝑥 + 4 5
(Al 2017)
1
52. Two taps running together can fill a tank in 3 hours. If one tap takes 3 hours more than the other to
13
fill the tank, then how much time will each tap take to fill the tank?
(Al 2017)

53. A passenger, while boarding the plane, slipped from the stairs and got hurt. The pilot took the
passenger in the emergency clinic at the airport for treatment. Due to this, the plane got delayed by
half an hour. To reach the destination 1500 km away in time, so that the passengers could catch the
connecting flight, the speed of the plane was increased by 250 km/hour than the usual speed. Find
the usual speed of the plane. What value is depicted in this question?
(Delhi 2016)

54. Find 𝑥 in terms of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 :

𝑎 𝑏 2𝑐
+ = , 𝑥 ≠ 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐
𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑏 𝑥−𝑐
(Delhi 2016)
1
55. The time taken by a person to cover 150 km was 2 hours more than the time taken in the return
2
journey. If he returned at a speed of 10 km/hour more than the speed while going, find the speed per
hour in each direction.
(Delhi 2016)

56. A motor boat whose speed is 24 km/h in still water takes 1 hour more to go 32 km upstream than to
return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream.
(Al 2016)

57. A rectangular park is to be designed whose breadth is 3 m less than its length. Its area is to be 4
square metres more than the area of a park that has already been made in the shape of an isosceles
triangle with its base as the breadth of the rectangular park and of altitude 12 m. Find the length and
breadth of the rectangular park.
(NCERT, Al 2016)

58. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 9 hours 36 minutes. The tap of larger diameter takes 8 hours
less than the smaller one to fill the tank separately. Find the time in which each tap can separately fill
the tank.
(Foreign 2016)
59. The denominator of a fraction is one more than twice its numerator. If the sum of the fraction and its
16
reciprocal is 2 , find the fraction.
21

(Foreign 2016)

60. The numerator of a fraction is 3 less than its denominator. If 2 is added to both the numerator and the
29
denominator, then the sum of the new fraction and original fraction is . Find the original fraction.
20

(Delhi 2015)

61. To fill a swimming pool two pipes are to be used. If the pipe of larger diameter is used for 4 hours
and the pipe of smaller diameter for 9 hours, only half the pool can be filled. Find how long it would
take for each pipe to fill the pool separately, if the pipe of smaller diameter takes 10 hours more than
the pipe of larger diameter to fill the pool.
(Delhi 2015)

62. Solve for 𝑥 :

3 4 29 1
+ = ; 𝑥 ≠ 1, −1,
𝑥 + 1 𝑥 − 1 4𝑥 − 1 4
(Delhi 2015) Ev

63. The diagonal of a rectangular field is 16 metres more than the shorter side. If the longer side is 14
metres more than the shorter side, then find the lengths of the sides of the field.
(Al 2015)

64. A train travels at a certain average speed for a distance of 54 km and then travels a distance of 63 km
at an average speed of 6 km/h more than the first speed. If it takes 3 hours to complete the total
journey, what is its first speed?
(AI 2015)

65. A bus travels at a certain average speed for a distance of 75 km and then travels a distance of 90 km
at an average speed of 10 km/h more than the first speed. If it takes 3 hours to complete the total
journey, find its first speed.
(AI 2015)
66. A truck covers a distance of 150 km at a certain average speed and then covers another 200 km at an
average speed which is 20 km per hour more than the first speed. If the truck covers the total distance
in 5 hours, find the first speed of the truck. (AI 2015) Ap

67. The total cost of a certain length of a piece of cloth is ₹200. If the piece was 5 m longer and each
metre of cloth cost ₹ 2 less, the cost of the piece would have remained unchanged. How long is the
piece and what is its original rate per metre?

(Foreign 2015)
 1
68. The difference of two natural numbers is 5 and the difference of their reciprocals is . Find the
10
numbers.
(Delhi 2014)
3
69. The difference of two natural numbers is 3 and the difference of their reciprocals is . Find the
28
numbers.
(Delhi 2014)
5
70. The difference of two natural numbers is 5 and the difference of their reciprocals is . Find the
14
numbers.
(Delhi 2014)
𝑥−2 𝑥−4 10
71. Solve for 𝑥: + = ; 𝑥 ≠ 3,5
𝑥−3 𝑥−5 3

2𝑥−1 𝑥+3 1
72. Solve for 𝑥: 2 � � − 3� � = 5; 𝑥 ≠ −3,
𝑥+3 2𝑥−1 2

(Foreign 2014)

73. The sum of the squares of two consecutive even numbers is 340. Find the numbers. (Foreign 2014)
3𝑥−1 2𝑥+3 1 3
74. Solve for 𝑥: 3 � � − 2� � = 5; 𝑥 ≠ , − .
2𝑥+3 3𝑥−1 3 2

(Foreign 2014)

75. The sum of the squares of two consecutive multiples of 7 is 637. Find the multiples.
(Foreign 2014)
7𝑥+1 5𝑥−3 3 1
76. Solve for 𝑥: 3 � � − 4� � = 11; 𝑥 ≠ , − .
5𝑥−3 7𝑥+1 5 7

(Foreign 2014)

Solution of a Quadratic Equation by Quadratic Formula

MCQ
77. The discriminant of the quadratic equation
3√3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + √3 = 0 is
(a) \pm 8
(b) 8
(c) 100 − 4√3
(d) 64
 (2020 C)

VSA (1 marks)
78. Write the discriminant of the quadratic equation (𝑥 + 5)2 = 2(5𝑥 − 3).
(2019)

SA I (2 marks)
79. Solve the quadratic equation for 𝑥 :
𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 − (4𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 ) = 0

(Term II, 2021-22)

80. Solve for 𝑥: 2𝑥 2 − 2√2𝑥 + 1 = 0

(Term II, 2021-22 C)

3√5
81. Solve for 𝑦: 𝑦 2 + 𝑦−5=0
2

(Term II, 2021-22C)

82. Solve the quadratic equation:

𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0 for 𝑥.

(Term II, 2021-22)

83. Solve the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 − 6 = 0 for 𝑥.

(NCERT Exemplar, Term II, 2021-22)

84. Find the roots of the quadratic equation

√2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 5√2 = 0

(Delhi 2017)

85. Solve for 𝑥: √3𝑥 2 − 2√2𝑥 − 2√3 = 0

(Foreign 2016, AI 2015, 2014)

SA II (3 marks)
86. Using quadratic formula, solve the following equation for 𝑥 :
𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 + (𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐)𝑥 − 𝑏𝑐 = 0

(2021 C)
87. Solve for 𝑥 :
𝑥 2 − (2𝑏 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑏 2 − 𝑏 − 20) = 0

(Foreign 2015)

88. Solve for 𝑥 :

𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − (𝑎2 + 2𝑎 − 8) = 0

(Foreign 2015)

LA (4/5 / 6 marks)
89. The difference of the squares of two numbers is 180. The square of the smaller number is 8 times the
greater number. Find the two numbers.
(Term II, 2021-22)

90. Solve for 𝑥 :

1 2 4
+ = , 𝑥 ≠ −1, −2, −4
𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+4
(AI 2016)
1
91. Two pipes running together can fill a tank in 11 minutes. If one pipe takes 5 minutes more than the
9
other to fill the tank separately, find the time in which each pipe would fill the tank separately.

92. Solve for 𝑥 :

(Al 2016)

2 3 23
+ = , 𝑥 ≠ 0, −1,2
𝑥 + 1 2(𝑥 − 2) 5𝑥

(Delhi 2015)
𝑥−3 𝑥−5 10
93. Solve for 𝑥: + = ; 𝑥 ≠ 4,6
𝑥−4 𝑥−6 3

(Al 2014)
𝑥−4 𝑥−6 10
94. Solve for 𝑥: + = ; 𝑥 ≠ 5,7
𝑥−5 𝑥−7 3

(AI 2014)

4.4 Nature of Roots

MCQ
95. The least positive value of 𝑘, for which the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 − 4 = 0 has rational roots,
is
(a) ±2√2
(b) 2
(c) \pm 2
(d) √2
(2023)

96. The value(s) of 𝑘 for which the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 2 = 0 has equal roots, is
(a) 4
(b) \pm 4
(c) -4
(d) 0
(2020)

VSA (1 mark)
97. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 = 0
(2019)

98. For what values of ' 𝑎 ' the quadratic equation

9𝑥 2 − 3𝑎𝑥 + 1 = 0 has equal roots?

(2019 C)

99. For what values of 𝑘, the roots of the equation 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 are real?
(Delhi 2019)

100. Find the value of 𝑘 for which the quadratic equation 3𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 3 = 0 has real and equal roots.
(AI 2019)

101. If the quadratic equation 𝑝𝑥 2 − 2√5𝑝𝑥 + 15 = 0 has two equal roots, then find the value of 𝑝.

(AI 2015)

SA I (2 marks)
102. Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation 4𝑥 2 − 5 = 0 and hence comment on the nature
of roots of the equation.
(2023)

103. Find the value of 𝑚 for which the quadratic equation (𝑚 − 1)𝑥 2 + 2(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 + 1 = 0 has two
real and equal roots.
 (Term II, 2021-22)

104. If the quadratic equation

(1 + 𝑎2 )𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑥 + (𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2 ) = 0

has equal and real roots, then prove that

𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 (1 + 𝑎2 ).

(Term II, 2021-22)

105. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation 3𝑥 2 − 4√3𝑥 + 4 = 0. If the roots are real, find
them.
(2020C)

106. Find the value of 𝑘 for which the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑘(2𝑥 + 𝑘 − 1) + 2 = 0 has real and equal roots.
(Delhi 2017)

107. Find the values of 𝑝 for which the quadratic equation 4𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 3 = 0 has equal roots.
(AI 2014)

108. Find the values of 𝑘 for which the quadratic equation 9𝑥 2 − 3𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 has equal roots.
(Al 2014)

109. Find the value of 𝑝 so that the quadratic equation 𝑝𝑥(𝑥 − 3) + 9 = 0 has equal roots.
(AI 2014)

SA II (3 marks)
110. Find the value of ' 𝑝 ' for which the quadratic equation 𝑝𝑥(𝑥 − 2) + 6 = 0 has two equal real
roots.
(2023)

111. Write all the values of 𝑝 for which the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 16 = 0 has equal roots.
Find the roots of the equation so obtained.
(2019)

112. If the roots of the quadratic equation in 𝑥: (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) 𝑥 2 − 2(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑)𝑥 + (𝑐 2 + 𝑑 2 ) = 0 are
equal, prove that 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐.
(2019 C)

113. If the equation (1 + 𝑚2 )𝑥 2 + 2𝑚𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 = 0 has equal roots then show that 𝑐 2 =
𝑎2 (1 + 𝑚2 ).
 (Delhi 2017)

114. If 𝑎𝑑 ≠ 𝑏𝑐, then prove that the equation

(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 2 + 2(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑)𝑥 + (𝑐 2 + 𝑑 2 ) = 0 has no real roots.

(Al 2017)

115. If the roots of the quadratic equation (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 2 + (𝑏 − 𝑐)𝑥 + (𝑐 − 𝑎) = 0 are equal, prove that
2𝑎 = 𝑏 + 𝑐.

(AI 2016)

116. Find that non-zero value of 𝑘, for which the quadratic equation 𝑘𝑥 2 + 1 − 2(𝑘 − 1)𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 0
has equal roots. Hence, find the roots of the equation.

(Delhi 2015)

117. Find that value of 𝑝 for which the quadratic equation (𝑝 + 1)𝑥 2 − 6(𝑝 + 1)𝑥 + 3(𝑝 + 9) =
0, 𝑝 ≠ −1 has equal roots. Hence, find the roots of the equation.
(Delhi 2015)

118. If 2 is a root of the quadratic equation 3𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 − 8 = 0 and the quadratic equation 4𝑥 2 −

2𝑝𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 has equal roots, find the value of 𝑘.
(Foreign 2014)

119. If 1 is a root of the quadratic equation 3𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − 2 = 0 and the quadratic equation 𝑎(𝑥 2 +
6𝑥) − 𝑏 = 0 has equal roots, find the value of 𝑏.
(Foreign 2014)

LA (4/5/6 marks)
120. Case Study: While designing the school year book, a teacher asked the student that the length
and width of a particular photo is increased by 𝑥 units each to double the area of the photo. The
original photo is 18 cm long and 12 cm wide.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

(i) Write an algebraic equation depicting the above information.

(ii) Write the corresponding quadratic equation in standard form. (iii) What should be the new
dimensions of the enlarged photo?
 OR
Can any rational value of 𝑥 make the new area equal to 220 cm2 ?

(2023)

121. Find the positive values (s) of 𝑘 for which quadratic equations 𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 64 = 0 and 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 +
𝑘 = 0 both will have real roots.
(Foreign 2016)

122. If roots of quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 2𝑝𝑥 + 𝑚𝑛 = 0 are real and equal, show that the roots of the
quadratic equation 𝑥 2 − 2(𝑚 + 𝑛)𝑥 + (𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 2𝑝2 ) = 0 are also equal.
(Foreign 2016)

123. If 𝑥 = −2 is a root of the equation 3𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 𝑝 = 0, find the values of 𝑘 so that the roots of
the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑘(4𝑥 + 𝑘 − 1) + 𝑝 = 0 are equal.
(Foreign 2015)

124. If 𝑥 = 3 is root of the equation 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0, find the value of 𝑝 so that the roots of the
equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑘(2𝑥 + 𝑘 + 2) + 𝑝 = 0 are equal.

(Foreign 2015)

125. If 𝑥 = −4 is a root of the equation 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑝 = 0, find the values of 𝑘 for which the
equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥(1 + 3𝑘) + 7(3 + 2𝑘) = 0 has equal roots.

(Foreign 2015)

126. Find the values of 𝑘 for which the quadratic equation (𝑘 + 4)𝑥 2 + (𝑘 + 1)𝑥 + 1 = 0 has equal
roots. Also find these roots.
(Delhi 2014)

127. Find the values of 𝑘 for which the quadratic equation (3𝑘 + 1)𝑥 2 + 2(𝑘 + 1)𝑥 + 1 = 0 has
equal roots. Also find the roots.
(Delhi 2014)
128. Find the value of 𝑝 for which the quadratic equation (2𝑝 + 1)𝑥 2 − (7𝑝 + 2)𝑥 + (7𝑝 − 3) = 0
has equal roots. Also find these roots.
(Delhi 2014)
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
INTRODUCTION

(Practice Sheet)
1 What is the degree of a quadratic equation?
A. First degree B. Second degree
C. Third degree D. Fourth degree
2 Which term in a quadratic equation must not be equal to zero for the equation to be
considered quadratic?
A. The coefficient of 'x' B. The coefficient of x2
C. The constant term D. None of the above
3 Which of the following is the standard form of a quadratic equation?
A. 2x + 5 = 0 B. 3x2 - 7x - 4 = 0
C. 3x2 + 7x + 4 = 0 D. 4x2 - 2x = 1
4 If the product of two consecutive integers is 72, what is the quadratic equation
representing this problem?
A. x2 - x - 72 = 0 B. x2 + x - 72 = 0
C. x2 + 3x - 70 = 0 D. x2 + x + 72 = 0
5 Solve the quadratic equation: 2x2 + 3x - 5 = 0.
A. x = 1, x = -2.5 B. x = -1, x = 2.5
C. x = 5, x = -3 D. x = -5, x = 3
6 Find the positive value(s) of k for which both quadratic equations x2 + kx + 64 = 0 and x2 - 8x
+ k = 0 will have real roots.
7 Find the values of k for each of the following quadratic equations, so that they have two equal
roots.
1. 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0
2. kx (x - 2) + 6 = 0
8 Find the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equations. If the real roots exist, find
them:
1. 3x2 – 4√3x + 4 = 0)
2. 2x2 - 6x + 3 = 0
9 Solve the equation: 27x2 - 10x + 1 = 0
10 Find the roots of the quadratic equation 3x2 - 8x + 4 = 0.
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION

(Practice Sheet)
1 What are the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 - 6x + 4 = 0?
A. x = 2 B. x = 1,2
C. x = 4 D. x = -1
2 Which formula is commonly used to find the roots of a quadratic equation?
A. Linear formula B. Cubic formula
C. Quadratic formula D. Exponential formula
3 If a quadratic equation has no real roots, what does this mean?
A. It has two equal roots. B. It has two distinct real roots.
C. It has complex roots. D. It has no roots.
4 Given the quadratic equation x2 + 6x + 9 = 0, what are its roots?
A. x = 3 B. x = -3
C. x = 0 D. x = 9
5 If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 - 5x + 6 = 0, what is the value of a + b?
A. a + b = 2 B. a + b = 3
C. a + b = 4 D. a + b = 5
6 Find the roots of the quadratic equation: 2x2 - 5x - 3 = 0.
7 Determine the roots of the quadratic equation: 4x2 + 12x + 9 = 0.
8 If the roots of the equation x2 - 2px + p2 - 1 = 0 are a and b, find the values of a and b.
9 Find the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + 7x + 10 = 0 by using the quadratic formula.
10 If the coefficient of x in the quadratic equation x2 + bx + c =0 was taken as 17 in place of 13,
its roots were found to be -2 and -15. Find the roots of the original quadratic equation.
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
SOLUTION OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION BY FACTORISATION

(Practice Sheet)
1 Factorize the quadratic equation 9x2 - 12x + 4 = 0. What are the roots of the equation?
1 4
A. x = and x = B. x = 1 and x = 4
3 3
1 2 2 2
C. x = and x = D. x = and x =
2 3 3 3
2
2 Solve the quadratic equation 5x - 9x - 2=0 by factorization. What are the roots of the
equation.
1 −2 −1
A. x = and x = B. x = and x = 2
5 3 5
1 3 −1 −3
C. x = and x = D. x = and x =
5 2 5 2
2
3 Factorize the quadratic equation 2x - 5x + 3 = 0. What are the roots of the equation?
−3 3
A. x = 1 and x = B. x = and x = −1
2 2
1 −1
C. x = and x = −3 D. x = and x = 3
2 2
4 Which of the following are the roots of the quadratic equation, x² - 9x + 20 = 0 by
factorisation?
A. 3, 4 B. 4, 5
C. 5, 6 D. 6, 1
5 Solve the quadratic equation by factorization: 4x2 - 12x + 9 = 0.
3 9
A. x = B. x =
2 2
C. x = 3 D. x = 9
6 Solve the quadratic equation 2x2 + x - 300 = 0 by the factorisation method.
7 Find the roots of the quadratic equation 6x2 - x - 2 = 0 using the factorisation method.
8 Solve the quadratic equation by factorization method: x 2 + 2√2x − 6 = 0
4 5
9 Solve the quadratic equation by factorization method: =
x−3 2x+3
34
10 Solve by factorisation: (x − 3) (x − 4) =
332
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
COMPLETING THE SQUARE METHOD

(Practice Sheet)
1 What is the first step in solving a quadratic equation using the method of completing the
square?
A. Factor the equation B. Divide the equation by the coefficient
of x2
C. Rearrange the equation to isolate x D. Take the square root of the constant
term
2 If you're given the equation 2x2 + 4x - 3 = 0, what is the next step to complete the square?
A. Rearrange the equation to isolate x B. Divide the equation by 2
C. Factor the equation D. Take the square root of the constant term
3 What is the value of the constant "c" in the equation (x + 3)2 = c if (x + 3) is a perfect square
trinomial?
A. c = 9 B. c = 3
C. c = -3 D. c = 0
4 Given the equation x2 + 6x + 9 = 0, what are the roots of the equation after completing the
square?
A. x = 3 and x = -3 B. x = -3 and x = 9
C. x = -9 and x = 3 D. x = 6 and x = 9
5 In the equation 2x2 - 10x + 12 = 0, what is the first step to complete the square?
A. Factor the equation B. Divide the equation by 2
C. Rearrange the equation to isolate x D. Take the square root of 12
6 Check whether the equation 6x2 - 7x + 2 = 0 has real roots, and
If it has, find them by the method of completing the squares.
7 Find the roots of the following quadratic equations, if they exist, by the method of completing
the square:
2x2 - 7x + 3 = 0
8 Use completing the square method to solve: x2 + 4x - 21 = 0.
9 Use completing the square formula to solve: x2 - 4x - 8 = 0.
10 Solve the following quadratic equations by completing the square method.
9y2 - 12y + 2 = 0
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION BY FORMULA (SHREE DHARACHARYA’S)
RULE)
(Practice Sheet)
1 What is the Sridharacharya Formula used for?
A. Factoring quadratic equations B. Solving linear equations
C. Solving cubic equations D. Solving quadratic equations
2 What is the discriminant (Δ) for the quadratic equation 3x2 - 6x + 3 = 0?
A. Δ = -12 B. Δ = 0
C. Δ = 9 D. Δ = 6
3 If the discriminant (Δ) of a quadratic equation is negative, what can you conclude about
the roots?
A. It has one real root B. It has two distinct real roots
C. It has two distinct complex roots D. It has no real roots
4 Solve the quadratic equation 2x2 - 3x - 5 = 0 using the Sridharacharya Formula. What are
the roots?
5 2
A. x = −1, x = B. x = −5, x =
2 3
5 −5
C. x = −2, x = D. x = −1, x =
2 2
5 2
Find the discriminant (Δ) for the quadratic equation 7x - 4x + 1 = 0.
A. Δ = -12 B. Δ = 0
C. Δ = 4 D. Δ = 48
6 Solve the quadratic equation 2x2 - 5x + 3 = 0 using the Sridharacharya Formula.
7 Determine the roots of the quadratic equation 5x2 + x = 0 using the Sridharacharya Formula.
8 Check if x(x + 1) + 8 = (x + 2) (x - 2) is in the form of quadratic equation.
9 Find the roots of x2 + 4x + 5 = 0, if any exist, using quadratic formula.
1
10 Find the discriminant of the equation: 3x 2 − 2x + = 0.
3
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
NATURE OF ROOTS

(Practice Sheet)
1 What is the nature of roots for the equation 2x2 - 8x + 8 = 0?
A. Real and distinct roots B. Real and equal roots
C. Complex roots D. Not enough information
2 What is the discriminant formula used to determine the nature of roots of a quadratic
equation?
A. a + b + c B. b2 - 4ac
C. 2ab – c D. a2 + b2 + c2
3 If the discriminant of a quadratic equation is greater than zero, what can be concluded
about its roots?
A. It has no real roots. B. It has one repeated real root.
C. It has two distinct real roots. D. It has imaginary roots.
4 Calculate the discriminant for the quadratic equation 3x2 + 6x - 9 = 0.
A. 0 B. 72
C. -72 D. 18
5 Elsie's secret number is the value of the discriminant of the quadratic equation x2 + 4x - 5 =
0. What is her secret number?
A. 36 B. 12
C. 25 D. 9
6 Find the nature of roots for the quadratic equation 3x2 - 6x + 3 = 0.
7 The roots of the quadratic equation 3x2 - 10x + 3 = 0.
8 Determine the value of k for which the quadratic expression (x - k) (x - 10) + 1 = 0 has integral
roots.
9 Discuss the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 - 8x + 3 = 0.
10 If -5 is a root of the quadratic equation 2x2 + px – 15 = 0 and the quadratic equation
p(x2 + x) + k = 0 has equal roots, find the value of k.
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
APPLICATION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION ON PROBLEM OF

(Practice Sheet)
1 What is the original speed of the train in the Time and Distance problem?
A. 30km/hr B. 40km/hr
C. 50km/hr D. 60km/hr
2 In the Mensuration problem, if the dimensions of the cardboard are 60cm by 45cm, what
is the length of the side of the square to be cut from each corner?
A. 5cm B. 10cm
C. 15cm D. 20cm
3 What are the lengths of the smaller and larger sides of the right triangle in the Geometry
problem with a hypotenuse of 17cm?
A. Smaller side: 8cm, Larger side: 15cm B. Smaller side: 9cm, Larger side: 16cm
C. Smaller side: 5cm, Larger side: 12cm D. Smaller side: 7cm, Larger side: 14cm
4 In the Age problem, if Mark's age six years ago was 4 years, what is Jane's present age?
A. 10 years B. 12 years
C. 14 years D. 16 years
5 A rectangular garden is 12 meters long and 8 meters wide. If the length is increased by 3
meters and the width is decreased by 2 meters, the area of the garden remains the same.
What is the quadratic equation that represents this situation?
A. 12x - 8x2 = 0 B. 12x + 8x2 = 0
C. 15x - 10x2 = 0 D. 15x + 10x2 = 0
6 An aero-plane takes 1 hour less for a journey of 1200km if its speed is increased by 100km/hr
from its usual speed of the plane. Find its usual speed.
7 The time taken by a person to cover 150km was 2.5 hrs more than the time taken in the
return journey. If he returned at the speed of 10 km/hr more than the speed of going, what
was the speed per hour in each direction?
8 The diagonal of a rectangular field is 60 metres more than the shorter side. If the longer side
is 30 metres more than the shorter side, find the sides of the field.
1
9 The sum of the reciprocals of Rehman’s ages in years 3 years ago and 5 years from now is .
3
Find out his present age.
10 If Zeba was younger by 5 years than what she really is, then the square of her age (in years)
would have been 11 more than five times her actual age. What is her age now?
EXEMPLAR SOLUTIONS
Chapter 4-
Quadratic Equations
Exercise 4.1
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions:
1. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?
(A) x2 + 2x + 1 = (4 – x)2 + 3 (B) –2x2 = (5 – x)(2x-(2/5))
(C) (k + 1) x + (3/2) x = 7, where k = –1 (D) x3 – x2 = (x – 1)3
2

Solution:
(D) x3 – x2 = (x – 1)3
Explanation:
The standard form of a quadratic equation is given by,
ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0

(A) Given, x2 + 2x + 1 = (4 - x)2 + 3

x2 + 2x + 1 = 16 - 8x + x2 + 3
10x – 18 = 0
which is not a quadratic equation.

(B) Given, -2x2 = (5 - x) (2x – 2/5)

-2x2 = 10x - 2x2 – 2 +2/5x
52x – 10 = 0
which is not a quadratic equation.

(C) Given, (k + 1) x2 + 3/2 x = 7, where k = -1

(-1 + 1) x2 + 3/2 x = 7
3x – 14 = 0
which is not a quadratic equation.

(D) Given, x3 - x2 = (x - 1)3

x3 - x2 = x3 - 3x2 + 3x – 1
2x2 - 3x + 1 = 0
which represents a quadratic equation.

2. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?

(A) 2(x – 1)2 = 4x2 – 2x + 1 (B) 2x – x2 = x2 + 5
(C) (√2x + √3)2 + x2 = 3x2 − 5x (D) (x2 + 2x)2 = x4 + 3 + 4x3
Solution:
(D) (x2 + 2x)2 = x4 + 3 + 4x3
A quadratic equation is represented by the form,
ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0
(A) Given, 2(x - 1)2 = 4x2 - 2x + 1
2(x2 - 2x + 1) = 4x2 - 2x + 1
2x2 + 2x – 1 = 0
which is a quadratic equation.
 (B) Given, 2x - x2 = x2 + 5
2x2 - 2x + 5 = 0
which is a quadratic equation.

(C) Given, (√2x + √3)2 = 3x2 – 5x

2x2 + 2√6x + 3 = 3x2 – 5x
x2 – (5 + 2√6)x – 3 = 0
which is a quadratic equation.

(D) Given, (x2 + 2x)2 = x4 + 3 + 4x2

x4 + 4x3 + 4x2 = x4 + 3 + 4x2
4x3 – 3 = 0
which is a cubic equation and not a quadratic equation.

3. Which of the following equations has 2 as a root?

(A) x2 – 4x + 5 = 0 (B) x2 + 3x – 12 = 0
(C) 2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0 (D) 3x2 – 6x – 2 = 0
Solution:
(C) 2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0
If 2 is a root then substituting the value 2 in place of x should satisfy the equation.
(A) Given,
x2 - 4x + 5 = 0
(2)2 - 4(2) + 5 = 1 ≠ 0
So, x = 2 is not a root of x2 - 4x + 5 = 0
(B) Given, x2 + 3x – 12 = 0
(2)2 + 3(2) – 12 = -2 ≠ 0
So, x = 2 is not a root of x2 + 3x – 12 = 0
(C) Given, 2x2 - 7x + 6 = 0
2(2)2 - 7(2) + 6 = 0
Here, x = 2 is a root of 2x2 - 7x + 6 = 0
(D) Given, 3x2 - 6x – 2 = 0
3(2)2 - 6(2) – 2 = -2 ≠ 0
So, x = 2 is not a root of 3x2 - 6x – 2 = 0

4. If ½ is a root of the equation x2 + kx – 5/4 = 0, then the value of k is

(A) 2 (B) – 2
(C) ¼ (D) ½
Solution:
(A) 2
If ½ is a root of the equation
x2 + kx – 5/4 = 0 then, substituting the value of ½ in place of x should give us the value of k.
Given, x2 + kx – 5/4 = 0 where, x = ½
(½)2 + k (½) – (5/4) = 0
(k/2) = (5/4) – ¼
k=2
5. Which of the following equations has the sum of its roots as 3?
(A) 2x2 – 3x + 6 = 0 (B) –x2 + 3x – 3 = 0
(C) √2x2 – 3/√2x+1=0 (D) 3x2 – 3x + 3 = 0
Solution:
(D) 3x2 – 3x + 3 = 0
The sum of the roots of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0 is given by,
Coefficient of x / coefficient of x2 = – (b/a)
(A) Given, 2x2 - 3x + 6 = 0
Sum of the roots = - b/a = -(-3/2) = 3/2

(B) Given, -x2 + 3x – 3 = 0

Sum of the roots = - b/a = -(3/-1) = 3

(C) Given, √2x2 – 3/√2x+1=0

2x2 – 3x + √2 = 0
Sum of the roots = - b/a = -(-3/2) = 3/2

(D) Given, 3x2 - 3x + 3 = 0

Sum of the roots = - b/a = -(-3/3) = 1
Exercise 4.2
1. State whether the following quadratic equations have two distinct real roots. Justify your
answer.
(i) x2 – 3x + 4 = 0
(ii) 2x2 + x – 1 = 0
(iii) 2x2 – 6x + 9/2 = 0
(iv) 3x2 – 4x + 1 = 0
(v) (x + 4)2 – 8x = 0
(vi) (x – √2)2 – 2(x + 1) = 0
(vii) √2 x2 –(3/√2)x + 1/√2 = 0
(viii) x (1 – x) – 2 = 0
(ix) (x – 1) (x + 2) + 2 = 0
(x) (x + 1) (x – 2) + x = 0
Solution:
(i)
The equation x2 - 3x + 4 = 0 has no real roots.
D = b2 - 4ac
= (-3)2 - 4(1)(4)
= 9 – 16 < 0
Hence, the roots are imaginary.

(ii)
The equation 2x2 + x – 1 = 0 has two real and distinct roots.
D = b2 - 4ac
= 12 - 4(2) (-1)
=1+8>0
Hence, the roots are real and distinct.

(iii)
The equation 2x2 – 6x + (9/2) = 0 has real and equal roots.
D = b2 - 4ac
= (-6)2 – 4(2) (9/2)
= 36 – 36 = 0
Hence, the roots are real and equal.

(iv)
The equation 3x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 has two real and distinct roots.
D = b2 - 4ac
= (-4)2 - 4(3)(1)
= 16 – 12 > 0
Hence, the roots are real and distinct.

(v)
The equation (x + 4)2 - 8x = 0 has no real roots.
 Simplifying the above equation,
x2 + 8x + 16 - 8x = 0
x2 + 16 = 0
D = b2 - 4ac
= (0) - 4(1) (16) < 0
Hence, the roots are imaginary.

(vi)
The equation (x - √2)2 – √2(x+1)=0 has two distinct and real roots.
Simplifying the above equation,
x2 – 2√2x + 2 – √2x – √2 = 0
x2 – √2(2+1)x + (2 – √2) = 0
x2 – 3√2x + (2 – √2) = 0
D = b2 - 4ac
= (– 3√2)2 – 4(1)(2 – √2)
= 18 – 8 + 4√2 > 0
Hence, the roots are real and distinct.

(vii)
The equation √2x2 – 3x/√2 + ½ = 0 has two real and distinct roots.
D = b2 - 4ac
= (- 3/√2)2 – 4(√2) (½)
= (9/2) - 2√2 > 0
Hence, the roots are real and distinct.

(viii)
The equation x (1 - x) – 2 = 0 has no real roots.
Simplifying the above equation,
x2 – x + 2 = 0
D = b2 - 4ac
= (-1)2 - 4(1)(2)
=1-8<0
Hence, the roots are imaginary.

(ix)
The equation (x - 1) (x + 2) + 2 = 0 has two real and distinct roots.
Simplifying the above equation,
x2 – x + 2x – 2 + 2 = 0
x2 + x = 0
D = b2 - 4ac
= 12 - 4(1)(0)
=1-0>0
Hence, the roots are real and distinct.

(x)
The equation (x + 1) (x - 2) + x = 0 has two real and distinct roots.
 Simplifying the above equation,
x2 + x – 2x – 2 + x = 0
x2 – 2 = 0
D = b2 - 4ac
= (0)2 - 4(1) (-2)
=0+8>0
Hence, the roots are real and distinct.

2. Write whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers.
(i) Every quadratic equation has exactly one root.
(ii) Every quadratic equation has at least one real root.
(iii) Every quadratic equation has at least two roots.
(iv) Every quadratic equations has at most two roots.
(v) If the coefficient of x2 and the constant term of a quadratic equation have opposite
signs, then the quadratic equation has real roots.
(vi) If the coefficient of x2 and the constant term have the same sign and if the coefficient
of x term is zero, then the quadratic equation has no real roots.
Solution:
(i) False. For example, a quadratic equation x2 – 9 = 0 has two distinct roots – 3 and 3.
(ii) False. For example, equation x2 + 4 = 0 has no real root.
(iii) False. For example, a quadratic equation x2 – 4x + 4 = 0 has only one root which is 2.
(iv) True, because every quadratic polynomial has almost two roots.
(v) True, because in this case discriminant is always positive.
For example, in ax2+ bx + c = 0, as a and c have opposite sign, ac < 0
⟹ Discriminant = b2 – 4ac > 0.
(vi) True, because in this case discriminant is always negative.
For example, in ax2+ bx + c = 0, as b = 0, and a and c have same sign then ac > 0
⟹ Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = – 4 a c < 0
3. A quadratic equation with integral coefficient has integral roots. Justify your answer.
Solution:
No, a quadratic equation with integral coefficients may or may not have integral roots.
Justification
Consider the following equation,
8x2 - 2x – 1 = 0
The roots of the given equation are ½ and - ¼ which are not integers.
Hence, a quadratic equation with integral coefficient might or might not have integral roots.
Exercise 4.3
1. Find the roots of the quadratic equations by using the quadratic formula in each of the
following:
(i) 2 x2 – 3x – 5 = 0
(ii) 5x2 + 13x + 8 = 0
(iii) –3x2 + 5x + 12 = 0
(iv) –x2 + 7x – 10 = 0
(v) x2 + 2 √2x – 6 = 0
(vi) x2 – 3 √5x + 10 = 0
(vii) (½)x2– √11x + 1 = 0
Solution:
The quadratic formula for finding the roots of quadratic equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0 is given by,

(i) 2 x2 – 3x – 5 = 0

(ii) 5x2 + 13x + 8 = 0

(iii) –3x2 + 5x + 12 = 0
(iv) –x2 + 7x – 10 = 0

(v) x2 + 2 √2x – 6 = 0

(vi) x2 – 3 √5x + 10 = 0

(vii) (½)x2– √11x + 1 = 0

Exercise 4.4
1. Find a natural number whose square diminished by 84 is equal to thrice of 8 more than the
given number.
Solution:
Let the natural number = 'x'.
According to the question,
We get the equation,
x² - 84 = 3(x+8)
x² - 84 = 3x + 24
x² - 3x - 84 - 24 = 0
x² - 3x - 108 = 0
x² - 12x + 9x - 108 = 0
x(x - 12) + 9(x - 12) = 0
(x + 9) (x - 12)
⇒ x = -9 and x = 12
Since, natural numbers cannot be negative.
The number is 12.

2. A natural number, when increased by 12, equals 160 times its reciprocal. Find the number.
Solution:
Let the natural number = x
When the number increased by 12 = x + 12
Reciprocal of the number = 1/x
According to the question, we have,
x + 12 = 160 times of reciprocal of x
x + 12 = 160/ x
x( x + 12 ) = 160
x2 + 12x - 160 = 0
x2 + 20x - 8x - 160 = 0
x( x + 20) - 8( x + 20)= 0
(x + 20) (x - 8) = 0
x + 20 = 0 or x - 8 = 0
x = - 20 or x = 8
Since, natural numbers cannot be negative.
The required number = x = 8

3. A train, travelling at a uniform speed for 360 km, would have taken 48 minutes less to travel the
same distance if its speed were 5 km/h more. Find the original speed of the train.
Solution:

Let original speed of train = x km/h

We know,
Time = distance/speed
 According to the question, we have,
Time taken by train = 360/x hour
And, Time taken by train its speed increase 5 km/h = 360/( x + 5)
It is given that,
Time taken by train in first - time taken by train in 2nd case = 48 min = 48/60 hour
360/x - 360/(x +5) = 48/60 = 4/5
360(1/x - 1/(x +5)) = 4/5
360 ×5/4 (5/(x² +5x)) =1
450 × 5 = x² + 5x
x² +5x -2250 = 0
x = (-5± √ (25+9000))/2
= (-5 ±√ (9025) )/2
= (-5 ± 95)/2
= -50, 45
But x ≠ -50 because speed cannot be negative
So, x = 45 km/h
Hence, original speed of train = 45 km/h

4. If Zeba were younger by 5 years than what she really is, then the square of her age (in years)
would have been 11 more than five times her actual age. What is her age now?
Solution:
Let Zeba’s age = x
According to the question,
(x-5)²=11+5x
x²+25-10x=11+5x
x²-15x+14=0
x²-14x-x+14=0
x(x-14)-1(x-14)=0
x=1 or x=14
We have to neglect 1 as 5 years younger than 1 cannot happen.
Therefore, Zeba’s present age = 14 years.
 NCERT TEXTBOOK SOLUTIONS

Chapter 4 Quadratic Equations

Exercise 4.1
Question 1:

Check whether the following are quadratic equations:

Answer:

It is of the form

Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.

It is of the form .

Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.

It is not of the form .

Hence, the given equation is not a quadratic equation.

It is of the form .

Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.

 It is of
the form .

Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.

It is not of the form .

Hence, the given equation is not a quadratic equation.

It is not
of the form .

Hence, the given equation is not a quadratic equation.

It
is of the form .

Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.

Question 2:

Represent the following situations in the form of quadratic equations.

(i) The area of a rectangular plot is 528 m2. The length of the plot (in metres) is one more
than twice its breadth. We need to find the length and breadth of the plot.

(ii) The product of two consecutive positive integers is 306. We need to find the integers.

(iii) Rohan’s mother is 26 years older than him. The product of their ages (in years) 3
years from now will be 360. We would like to find Rohan’s present age.

(iv) A train travels a distance of 480 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 8
km/h less, then it would have taken 3 hours more to cover the same distance. We need
to find the speed of the train.

Answer:

(i) Let the breadth of the plot be x m.

Hence, the length of the plot is (2x + 1) m.

Area of a rectangle = Length × Breadth

∴ 528 = x (2x + 1)

(ii) Let the consecutive integers be x and x + 1.

It is given that their product is 306.

(iii) Let Rohan’s age be x.

Hence, his mother’s age = x + 26

3 years hence,

Rohan’s age = x + 3

Mother’s age = x + 26 + 3 = x + 29

It is given that the product of their ages after 3 years is 360.

(iv) Let the speed of train be x km/h.

Time taken to travel 480 km =

In second condition, let the speed of train = km/h

It is also given that the train will take 3 hours to cover the same distance.

Therefore, time taken to travel 480 km = hrs

Speed × Time = Distance

⇒480 + 3x - 3840 x-24 = 480

⇒3x-3840x=24

⇒3×2-24x-3840=0

⇒x2-8x-1280=0

Exercise 4.2
Question 1:

Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by factorisation:

Answer:

Roots of this equation are the values for which =0

∴ = 0 or =0

i.e., x = 5 or x = −2

Roots of this equation are the values for which =0

∴ = 0 or =0
i.e., x = −2 or x =

Roots of this equation are the values for which =0

∴ = 0 or =0

i.e., x = or x =

Roots of this equation are the values for which =0

Therefore,

i.e.,
Roots of this equation are the values for which =0

Therefore,

i.e.,

Question 2. Solve the problems given in Example 1

Solution:

The problem in example 1 was as follows:

Represent the following situations mathematically:

(i) John and Jivanti together have 45 marbles. Both of them lost 5 marbles each, and
the product of the number of marbles they now have is 124. We would like to find out
how many marbles they had to start with.

(ii) A cottage industry produces a certain number of toys in a day. The cost of
production of each toy (in rupees) was found to be 55 minus the number of toys
produced in a day. On a particular day, the total cost of production was ₹ 750. We
would like to find out the number of toys produced on that day.

Given:

(i) Let the number of marbles that John had be x.

The number of marbles Jivanti had will be = 45 - x

Both of them lost 5 marbles each:

Marbles with John = x - 5

Marbles with Jivanti = 45 - x - 5 = 40 - x

Product of current number of marbles = 124

Let us use this condition to form a

(x - 5) (40 - x) = 124

(i) (x - 5) (40 - x) = 124

⇒ 40x - x2 - 200 + 5x = 124

⇒ -x2 + 45x - 200 -124 = 0
⇒ -x2 + 45x - 324 = 0
On multiplying both sides of the equation with negative sign, we get

⇒ x2 - 45x + 324 = 0
⇒ x2 - 36x - 9x + 324 = 0

⇒ x(x - 36) - 9 (x - 36) = 0

⇒ (x - 36) (x - 9) = 0

⇒ x - 36 = 0 and x - 9 = 0

⇒ x = 36 and x = 9

John and Jivanti started with 36 and 9 marbles.

(ii) Let the number of toys produced in a day be x.

Cost of each toy = (55 - x) rupees

Total cost of production = cost of each toy × Total number of toys

⇒ (55 - x) (x) = 750

⇒ 55x - x2 = 750
⇒ 55x - x2 - 750 = 0
⇒ x2 - 25x - 30x + 750 = 0

⇒ (x - 25) (x - 30) = 0

x - 25 = 0 and x - 30 = 0

x = 25 and x = 30

The number of toys produced on that day is 25 or 30.

Question 3:

Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and product is 182.

Answer:

Let the first number be x and the second number is 27 − x.

Therefore, their product = x (27 − x)

It is given that the product of these numbers is 182.

Either = 0 or x − 14 = 0

i.e., x = 13 or x = 14

If first number = 13, then

Other number = 27 − 13 = 14

If first number = 14, then

Other number = 27 − 14 = 13

Therefore, the numbers are 13 and 14.

Question 4:

Find two consecutive positive integers, sum of whose squares is 365.

Answer:

Let the consecutive positive integers be x and x + 1.

Either x + 14 = 0 or x − 13 = 0, i.e., x = −14 or x = 13

Since the integers are positive, x can only be 13.

∴ x + 1 = 13 + 1 = 14
Therefore, two consecutive positive integers will be 13 and 14.

Question 5:

The altitude of a right triangle is 7 cm less than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13 cm, find
the other two sides.

Answer:

Let the base of the right triangle be x cm.

Its altitude = (x − 7) cm

Either x − 12 = 0 or x + 5 = 0, i.e., x = 12 or x = −5

Since sides are positive, x can only be 12.

Therefore, the base of the given triangle is 12 cm and the altitude of this triangle will be
(12 − 7) cm = 5 cm.

Question 6:

A cottage industry produces a certain number of pottery articles in a day. It was

observed on a particular day that the cost of production of each article (in rupees) was 3
more than twice the number of articles produced on that day. If the total cost of
production on that day was Rs 90, find the number of articles produced and the cost of
each article.

Answer:

Let the number of articles produced be x.

Therefore, cost of production of each article = Rs (2x + 3)

It is given that the total production is Rs 90.

Either 2x + 15 = 0 or x − 6 = 0, i.e., x = or x = 6

As the number of articles produced can only be a positive integer, therefore, x can only
be 6.

Hence, number of articles produced = 6

Cost of each article = 2 × 6 + 3 = Rs 15

Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
MIND MAP
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 SKILL MODULES BEING OFFERED IN
MIDDLE SCHOOL

Artificial Intelligence Beauty & Wellness Design Thinking & Financial Literacy
Innovation

Handicrafts Information Technology Marketing/Commercial Mass Media - Being Media

Application Literate

Data Science (Class VIII Augmented Reality /

Travel & Tourism Coding
only) Virtual Reality

Digital Citizenship Life Cycle of Medicine & Things you should know What to do when Doctor
Vaccine about keeping Medicines is not around
at home

Humanity & Covid-19 Blue Pottery Pottery Block Printing

 Food Food Preservation Baking Herbal Heritage

Khadi Mask Making Mass Media Making of a Graphic

Novel

Kashmiri Embroidery Satellites

Rockets
Embroidery

Application of Photography
Satellites
SKILL SUBJECTS AT SECONDARY LEVEL (CLASSES IX – X)

Retail Information Technology Automotive

Security

Introduction To Financial Introduction To Tourism Beauty & Wellness Agriculture

Markets

Food Production Front Office Operations Banking & Insurance Marketing & Sales

Health Care Apparel Multi Media Multi Skill Foundation

Course

Artificial Intelligence
Physical Activity Trainer Electronics & Hardware
Data Science
(NEW)

Foundation Skills For Sciences Design Thinking & Innovation (NEW)

(Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology)(NEW)
 SKILL SUBJECTS AT SR. SEC. LEVEL
(CLASSES XI – XII)

Retail InformationTechnology Web Application Automotive

Financial Markets Management Tourism Beauty & Wellness Agriculture

Food Production Front Office Operations Banking Marketing

Health Care Insurance Horticulture Typography & Comp.

Application

Geospatial Technology Electrical Technology Electronic Technology Multi-Media

 Taxation Cost Accounting Office Procedures & Shorthand (English)
Practices

Shorthand (Hindi) Air-Conditioning & Medical Diagnostics Textile Design

Refrigeration

Salesmanship Business Food Nutrition &

Design
Administration Dietetics

Mass Media Studies Library & Information Fashion Studies Applied Mathematics
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Yoga Early Childhood Care & Artificial Intelligence Data Science

Education

Physical Activity Land Transportation Electronics & Design Thinking &

Trainer(new) Associate (NEW) Hardware (NEW) Innovation (NEW)
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IT Code-402

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Economics
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