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Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
INDEX

Chapter 5: Arithmetic Progressions

Concepts Covered:
1. Introduction
2. Sequence
➢ Definition
3. Arithmetic progression (A.P.)
4. General Term of an A.P.
➢ nth term of an A.P. from the end
➢ Middle term of a finite A.P.
5. Sum of first n terms of an A.P.
6. Mind Map
➢ (Colourful & Interactive/ Complete All Concept Covered)
Practice Questions (All Topics Available)
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
Understanding what arithmetic progressions are, Arithmetic Progression can be simply defined as a
series of numbers wherein the difference between any of the 2 consecutive numbers is always the
same. For Example, In a given series of natural numbers, i.e., 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, … n, we can say that the
series is an arithmetic progression as the difference between 2 consecutive terms (7 and 8 or 6 and
7) is equal to 1 (7-6). If we consider a series of odd numbers and one of even numbers, then it will
be an AP as the common difference between any two consecutive terms of the respective series is
equal to 2.

According to the arithmetic progression chapter, In an arithmetic progression, the series refers to
the sum of elements of the successive numbers. The difference between one term and its next term
is always constant in AP. We can say, if we just add similar value or numbers to the previous numbers
every time, the result will be constant.

Example:

Find the AP given by x + b, x + 3b, x + 5b, …

Solution:
Here a = x + b,

d = x + 3b – (x + b)

d = x + 3b – x – b

∴ d = 2b

The general term of an AP is given by the formula.

An= a + (n – 1) d

An = x + b + (n – 1)2b

∴ an = x + (2n – 1)b
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
SEQUENCE

SEQUENCE
Sequence and series are the basic topics in Arithmetic. An itemized collection of elements in which
repetitions of any sort are allowed is known as a sequence, whereas a series is the sum of all
elements. An arithmetic progression is one of the common examples of sequence and series.

• In short, a sequence is a list of items/ objects which have been arranged in a sequential way.
• A series can be highly generalized as the sum of all the terms in a sequence. However, there
has to be a definite relationship between all the terms of the sequence.

Definition
A sequence is an arrangement of any objects or a set of numbers in a particular order followed by
some rule. If a1, a2, a3, a4, ……… etc. denote the terms of a sequence, then 1, 2, 3, 4, ….. denotes the
position of the term.

A sequence can be defined based on the number of terms i.e., either finite sequence or infinite
sequence.

If a1, a2, a3, a4, ……. is a sequence, then the corresponding series is given by?

SN = a1 + a2 + a3 + .. + aN

Types of Sequence and Series

Some of the most common examples of sequences are:

• Arithmetic Sequences
• Geometric Sequences
• Harmonic Sequences
• Fibonacci Numbers

Arithmetic Sequences

A sequence in which every term is created by adding or subtracting a

definite number to the preceding number is an arithmetic sequence.

Geometric Sequences

A sequence in which every term is obtained by multiplying or dividing a

definite number with the preceding number is known as a geometric
sequence.

Harmonic Sequences
Page 2
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
SEQUENCE

A series of numbers is said to be in harmonic sequence if the reciprocals of all the elements of the
sequence form an arithmetic sequence.

Fibonacci Numbers

Fibonacci numbers form an interesting sequence of numbers in which each element is obtained by
adding two preceding elements and the sequence starts with 0 and 1. Sequence is defined as, F 0 = 0
and F1 = 1 and Fn = Fn-1 + Fn–2

Sequence and Series Formulas

List of some basic formula of arithmetic progression and geometric progression are.

Arithmetic Progression Geometric Progression

Sequence a, a + d, a + 2d, … … , a + (n − 1)d, …. a, ar, ar 2 , … . , ar n−1 , …
Common Successive term
Successive term – Preceding term Preceding term
Difference or
Common difference = d = a2 – a1 arn−1
Ratio Common ratio = r =
arn−2
General Term
an = a + (n − 1)d an = ar n−1
(nth Term)
th
n term from the l n−1
an = l – (n − 1)d an =
last term r
a (1 – r n )
sn = if |r| < 1
Sum of first n n (1 – r)
sn = (2a + (n − 1)d)
terms 2 a(r n−1 )
sn = if |r| > 1
(r – 1)

Example: If 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, …… is a sequence, Find:

a. Common difference
b. nth term
c. 21st term
Solution:
Given sequence is, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22……
a. The common difference = 7 – 4 = 3
b. The nth term of the arithmetic sequence is denoted by the term Tn and is given by Tn = a + (n
- 1) d, where “a” is the first term and d is the common difference.
Tn = 4 + (n – 1)3 = 4 + 3n – 3 = 3n + 1
c. 21st term as: T21 = 4 + (21 - 1) 3 = 4 + 60 = 64.
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.P.)

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.P.)

Sequence and series are the basic topics in Arithmetic. An itemized collection of elements in which
repetitions of any sort are allowed is known as a sequence, whereas a series is the sum of all In
mathematics, there are three different types of progressions. They are:

• Arithmetic Progression (AP)

• Geometric Progression (GP)
• Harmonic Progression (HP)

A progression is a special type of sequence for which it is possible to obtain a formula for the nth
term. The Arithmetic Progression is the most commonly used sequence in maths with easy-to-
understand formulas.

Definition: An arithmetic sequence or progression is defined as a sequence of numbers in which for

every pair of consecutive terms, the second number is obtained by adding a fixed number to the first
one.

The fixed number that must be added to any term of an AP to get the next term is known as the
common difference of the AP. Now, let us consider the sequence, 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, …

It is considered as an arithmetic sequence (progression) with a common difference 3.

Notation in Arithmetic Progression

In AP, we will come across some main terms, which are denoted as:

• First term (a)

• Common difference (d)
• nth Term (an)
• Sum of the first n terms (Sn)
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
GENERAL TERM OF AN A.P.

GENERAL TERM OF AN A.P.

nth term of an A.P. from the end
Assume that a1, a2, a3, … be an arithmetic progression (AP), in which first term a1 is equal to “a” and
the common difference is taken as “d”, then the second term, third term, etc can be calculated as
follows:

Second term, a2 = a + d

Third term, a3 = (a + d) + d = a + 2d,

Fourth term, a4 = (a + 2d) + d = a + 3d, and so on.

Therefore, the nth term of an AP (an) with the first term “a” and common difference “d” is given by
the formula:

nth term of an AP, an = a + (n - 1) d.

Example:

Determine the 10th term of an AP 2, 7, 12, ….

Solution:

Given arithmetic progression (AP) is 2, 7, 12, …

Here, the first term, a = 2.

Common difference, d = 7 - 2 = 5

n = 10.

The formula to find the nth term of an AP, an = a + (n - 1) d

Now, substitute the values in the formula, we get.

a10 = 2 + (10 - 1)5

a10 = 2 + (9)5

a10 = 2 + 45

a10 = 47.

Hence, the 10th term of an AP 2, 7, 12, … is 47.

Page 2
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
GENERAL TERM OF AN A.P.

Middle term of a finite A.P.

Let a represent the first term, d represents the common difference and n represents the number of
terms of a finite A.P.
(n + 1) th
If n is odd, then ( ) term is the middle term of a finite A.P.
2

n+1 n+1
a =a+( − 1) d
2 2
th
n th n
If n is even, then ( ) and (( ) + 1) terms are the middle term of a finite A.P.
2 2

n n n n
a = a + ( − 1) d and a + 1 = a + ( ) d
2 2 2 2
Example:
Find the middle term of an A.P. 213, 205, 197, …, 37.
Solution:
Here, a = 213 and an = 37
Now, determine the common difference d.
d = 205 − 213
⇒ d = −8
Substitute 213 for a, 37 for an and −8 for d in an = a + (n − 1) d.
37 = 213 + (n − 1) −8
⇒ 37 = 213 − 8n + 8
⇒ 8n = 213 + 8 – 37
⇒ 8n = 184
⇒ n = 23
Here, n is odd.
n + 1 th
So, ( ) term is the middle term of a finite A.P.
2

n+1
Substitute 213 for a, 23 for n and −8 for d in an+1 = a + (( ) − 1) d.
2 2

23 + 1
a(23+1) = 213 + (( ) − 1) − 8
2 2
Page 3
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
GENERAL TERM OF AN A.P.

⇒ a12 = 213 + (12 − 1) − 8

⇒ a12 = 213 − 88
⇒ a12 = 125
Therefore, the middle term of an A.P. is 125.
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
SUM OF FIRST N TERMS OF AN A.P.

SUM OF FIRST N TERMS OF AN A.P.

For an AP, the sum of the first n terms can be calculated if the first term, common difference and the
total terms are known. The formula for the arithmetic progression sum is explained below:
Consider an AP consisting of “n” terms.
n
Sn = [2a + (n − 1) × d]
2
This is the AP sum formula to find the sum of n terms in series.
Proof: Consider an AP consisting “n” terms having the sequence a, a + d, a + 2d, …………., a + (n – 1)
×d
Sum of first n terms = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ……….+ [a + (n – 1) × d] …(i)
Writing the terms in reverse order, we have:
Sn = [a + (n – 1) × d] + [a + (n – 2) × d] + [a + (n – 3) × d] + …….(a) …(ii)
Adding both the equations term wise, we have:
2Sn = [2a + (n – 1) × d] + [2a + (n – 1) × d] + [2a + (n – 1) × d] + ……+ [2a + (n – 1) × d] (n - terms)
2Sn = n × [2a + (n – 1) × d]
n
Sn = [2a + (n − 1) × d]
2
Example:
Let us take the example of adding natural numbers up to 15 numbers.
Solution:
AP = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
Given, a = 1, d = 2 - 1 = 1 and an = 15
Now, by the formula we know;
n
Sn = [2a + (n − 1) × d]
2
15
S15 = [2.1 + (15 − 1).1]
2
15
= [2 + 14]
2
15
= [16]
2
Page 2
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
SUM OF FIRST N TERMS OF AN A.P.

= 15 × 8
= 120
Hence, the sum of the first 15 natural numbers is 120.
 Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
DPP-01
Topic: Introduction

Q1. Which of the following list of numbers form an AP? If they form an AP, then find the common

difference and also write the next three terms:

(i) 2,4,8,16, …

(ii) 1, −1, −3, −5, …

(iii) −3,3, −3,3, …

(iv) 5,5 + √2, 5 + √8, 5 + √18, …

(v) 𝑥𝑥, 2𝑥𝑥, 3𝑥𝑥, 4𝑥𝑥, …

(vi) 0.3,0.33,0.333,0.3333, …

(vii) √2, √4, √6, √8, …

(viii) 𝑥𝑥, 𝑥𝑥 2 , 𝑥𝑥 3 , …
−1 −1 −1 −1
(ix) , , , ,…
3 3 3 3

(x) 1,3,5,7,9,11, …

Q2. Write first three terms of the 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴, if the first term 𝑎𝑎 and the common difference 𝑑𝑑 are given as

follows:

(i) 𝑎𝑎 = 5, 𝑑𝑑 = −3

(ii) 𝑎𝑎 = −3, 𝑑𝑑 = 5

(iii) 𝑎𝑎 = 𝑝𝑝, 𝑑𝑑 = 𝑞𝑞

(iv) 𝑎𝑎 = √2, 𝑑𝑑 = −√3

1 3
(v) 𝑎𝑎 = 1 , 𝑑𝑑 =
2 4
 Answers

Q1.

(ii) 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = −2; Three terms −7, −9, −11

(iv) 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = √2; Three terms 5 + 4√2, 5 + 5√2, 5 + 6√2

( v) 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝑥𝑥; Three terms 5𝑥𝑥, 6𝑥𝑥, 7𝑥𝑥

−1 −1 −1
(ix) 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 0, Three terms , ,
3 3 3

(x) 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 2; Three terms 13, 15, 17

Q2.

(i) 5, 2, −1
(ii) −3, 2, 7
(iii) 𝑝𝑝, 𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞, 𝑝𝑝 + 2𝑞𝑞, (iv) √2, √2 − √3, √2 − 2√3
3 9
(v) , , 3
2 4
 Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
DPP-02
Topic: nth Term of an AP

Q1. Write the general term or 𝑛th term of an AP, with first term ' 𝑎 ' and common difference ' 𝑑 '.
Q2. Find the last term of an AP.
𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑 … upto 𝑛 terms.
Q3. If an AP, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, … consists of 𝑚 terms, then find the 𝑛th term from the end. (Where
𝑛<𝑚)
Q4. If 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, … is an AP with last term 𝑙, then find the 𝑛th term from the end.
Q5. If three numbers 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are in AP, then prove that 2𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐.
Q6. Find the
(i) 10th term of −40, −15,10,35, …
(ii) 18th term of 9,5,1, −3, …
3 5 7 9
(iii) 9th term of , , , , …
4 4 4 4
(iv) 𝑟 term of 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 4𝑑, 𝑎 + 7𝑑, …
th

(v) 10th term of 1, 42 + 1,2 ⋅ 42 + 1,3 ⋅ 42 + 1, …

Q7. Which term of the AP
(i) −1, −3, −5, −7, … is -157 ?
(ii) 10.5,21,31.5,42, … is 105 ?
(iii) −9, −4,1,6, … is 301 ?
(iv) 5,2, −1, −4, … is -55 ?
Q8. (i) Which term of the AP 21,18,15,12, … is -81?
(ii) Is any term of this AP zero? If so, find it.
Q9. Find 𝑎50 − 𝑎40 for the AP 11,8,5,2, ….
Q10. Two AP's have the same first term but different common difference. If the difference between their
100th term is 198, then what is the difference between their 1000th term?
Q11. If the 𝑛th term of the sequence is given by 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛2 + 3, then show that it is not an AP.
Q12. Find the value of 𝑘 so that
(i) 𝑘 + 4,4𝑘 − 6 and 3𝑘 − 2 are three consecutive terms of an AP.
(ii) 4𝑘 + 8,2𝑘 2 + 3𝑘 + 6 and 3𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 4 are three consecutive terms of an AP.
Q13. For what value of 𝑛, are the 𝑛th term of the AP's 51, 53. 55, … and −39, −32. −25, … equal?
Q14. The sum of 4th and 8th term of an 𝐴𝑃 is 24 and the sum of 6th and 10th terms is 44. Find the first
five terms of the AP.
Q15. A man starts repaying a loan as first instalment of ₹1500. If he increases the instalment by ₹75
every month, then what amount will he pay in 50th instalment?
Q16. A person started work in 1970 at an annual salary of ₹25000 and received an increment of ₹500
each year. In which year did his income reach ₹ 45000?
Q17. Show that sum of (𝑚 + 𝑛)th term and (𝑚 − 𝑛)th term of an AP is equal to twice the 𝑚th term.
Q18. In an 𝐴𝑃, if 24th term is twice the 10th term, then prove that 36th term is twice the 16th term.
 Answers

Q1. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
Q2. 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
Q3. 𝑎 + (𝑚 − 𝑛)𝑑
Q4. 𝐼 − (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
19
Q6. (i) 185 , (ii) -59 , (iii) , (iv) 𝑎 + (3𝑟 − 2)𝑑, 145
4

Q7. (i) 79, (ii) 10, (iii) 63, (iv) 21

Q8. (i) 35th term, (ii) 8th term
Q9. -30
Q10. 1998
7
Q12. (i) , (ii) 0,2
2

Q13. 19
Q14. −13, −8, −3,2,7
Q15. 5175
Q16. 2010
 Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
DPP-03
Topic: Sum of nth term of an AP

Q1. How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 4?

Q2. Write the formula for the sum of 𝑛-terms of an AP in terms of first term and last term.
Q3. Give the formula for the sum of 𝑛 positive integers.
Q4. Give the formula for
(i) The sum of 𝑛 even positive integers.
(ii) The sum of 𝑛 odd positive integers.
Q5. Find the sum of first 25 positive integers
(i) Divisible by 2
(ii) Divisible by 3
(iii) Divisible by 5
(iv) Divisible by 7
(v) Divisible by 9
(vi) Divisible by 11
(vii) Divisible by 13
Q6. Show that 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , … , 𝑎𝑛 , … forms an AP where 𝑎𝑛 is defined as follows:
(i) 𝑎𝑛 = 6𝑛 − 5
(ii) 𝑎𝑛 = 5 − 6𝑛
Also, find the sum of first 10 terms.
1 1
Q7. In an AP, if the 𝑥 th term is and the 𝑦 th term is , then find its (𝑥𝑦)th term.
𝑦 𝑥

Q8. Find the sum:

(i) 3 + 9 + 15 + ⋯ upto 20 terms
1
(ii) 7 + 10 + 14 + ⋯ + 84
2

(iii) 34 + 32 + 30 + ⋯ upto 100 terms

(iv) (−5) + (−9) + (−13) + ⋯ upto 20 terms
Q9. If the sum of first 𝑛 terms of an 𝐴𝑃 is equal to the sum of first 𝑚 terms, then show that the sum of
first (𝑚 + 𝑛) terms is zero.
Q10. Write the expression for 𝑛th term of an AP in terms of 𝑆𝑛 and 𝑆𝑛−1 .
𝑏+𝑎 𝑏+𝑐
Q11. If a. b. 𝑐 are in H.P., then show that + =2
𝑏−𝑎 𝑏−𝑐
3 3 3
Q12. Find the 10th term of the H.P., , 1, , , … …
2 4 5

Q13. In an H.P., if 3rd term and 12th term are 12 and 3 respectively, then find the 15th term of the H.P.
 Answers

Q1. 225
𝑛
Q2. (𝑎 + 𝑙), where 𝑎 = first term, 𝐼 = last term.
2

𝑛(𝑛+1)
Q3.
2

Q4. (i) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) (ii) 𝑛2

Q5. (i) 650, (ii) 975 , (iii) 1625, (iv) 2275, (v) 2925, (vi) 3575, (vii) 4225

Q6. (i) 𝑆10 = 280, (ii) 𝑆10 = −280

Q7. 1

Q8. (i) 1200 , (ii) 1046.5 , (iii) -6500 , (iv) -860

Q10. 𝑆𝑛 − 𝑆𝑛−1
3
Q12.
11

12
Q13.
5
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
INTRODUCTION

(Practice Sheet)
1 What is the common difference (d) in the arithmetic progression (AP) 12, 17, 22, 27, ...?
A. 4 B. 5
C. 10 D. 15
2 Which of the following series is NOT an arithmetic progression (AP)?
A. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ... B. 5, 9, 14, 20, 25, ...
C. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, ... D. 7, 14, 21, 29, 36, ...
3 If the first term (a) of an arithmetic progression is 9 and the common difference (d) is 3,
what is the 12th term of the series?
A. 33 B. 36
C. 39 D. 42
4 For an arithmetic progression, if the 5th term is 25 and the 8th term is 40, what is the
common difference (d)?
A. 3 B. 5
C. 8 D. 15
5 What is the formula for the nth term (aₙ) of an arithmetic progression (AP)?
A. aₙ = a + (n + 1) × d B. aₙ = a + (n - 1) × d
C. aₙ = a + n × d D. aₙ = a + n × d
6 Determine the tenth term of the arithmetic progression 2, 7, 12, ….
7 Find the 35th term of the series 5, 11, 17, 23…..
8 Find the middle term of the AP 1, 8, 15, ..., 505.
1
9 Find the number of terms in each of the following APs. 18, 15 , ….., -47.
3
10 Write first four terms of AP, When the first term a and the common difference d are given as
follows:
a = -2, d = 0
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
SEQUENCE

(Practice Sheet)
1 The 10th term of the AP: 5, 8, 11, 14, … is.
A. 32 B. 35
C. 38 D. 185
2 The sum of first 16 terms of the AP: 10, 6, 2,… is
A. -320 B. 320
C. -352 D. -400
3 What is the common difference in the arithmetic sequence: 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, ...?
A. 2 B. 3
C. 4 D. 5
4 Which type of sequence is defined by multiplying or dividing a constant value to obtain
each term from the preceding term?
A. Arithmetic Sequence B. Geometric Sequence
C. Harmonic Sequence D. Fibonacci Sequence
5 In the Fibonacci sequence, what are the first two terms?
A. F0 = 0 and F1 = 1 B. F1 = 0 and F2 = 1
C. F0 = 1 and F1 = 1 D. F1 = 1 and F2 = 2
1
6 In the A.P. −3, − , 2 …. The 11th term is
2
7 If 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22……is a sequence, Find:
1. Common difference
2. nth term
3. 21st term
8 Consider the sequence 1, 4, 16, 64, 256, 1024….. Find the common ratio and 9th term.
9 Find the sum of all natural numbers lying between 100 and 1000 (inclusive of both 100 and
1000) which are multiples of 5.
10 Find the sum of arithmetic sequence -5, 0, 5, 10, … up to 20 terms.
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.P.)

(Practice Sheet)
1 What is nth term of a G.P.?
A. an = a + (n - 1)d B. an = a + (n)d
C. an = a × rn-1 D. an = a × rn
2 A sequence is called ________ if an + 1 = an × r.
A. Arithmetic progression B. Geometric Progression
C. Harmonic Progression D. Special Progression
3 In an arithmetic progression, if the first term (a) is 4 and the common difference (d) is -2,
what is the 15th term (a15)?
A. -30 B. -16
C. -24 D. 30
4 Consider the following pairs of numbers:
1. (8, 12)
2. (9, 11)
3. (6, 24)
Which pairs of numbers have the same harmonic mean?
A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3
5 If x is the harmonic mean between y and z, then which one of the following is correct?
A. xy + xz - yz = 0 B. xy + xz - 2yz = 0
C. xy + xz + yz = 0 D. xy + xz - 4yz = 0
6 Find the nth term of AP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…., an, if the number of terms are 15.
7 Find the value of n, if a = 10, d = 5, an = 95.
8 Determine the 4th and 8th term of the harmonic progression 6, 4, 3,…
9 Compute the 16th term of HP if the 6th and 11th term of HP are 10 and 18, respectively.
10 Find the 50th odd number.
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
GENERAL TERM OF AN A.P.

(Practice Sheet)
1 The first term and common difference for the A.P. 3, 1, -1, -3 is:
A. 1 and 3 B. 1 and 3
C. 3 and -2 D. 2 and 3
2 The missing terms in AP: __, 13, __, 3 are:
A. 11 and 9 B. 17 and 9
C. 18 and 8 D. 18 and 9
th
3 If 17 term of an A.P. exceeds its 10th term by 7. The common difference is:
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4
4 The middle term of arithmetic series 2, 6, 10, ...,146
A. 70 B. 79
C. 74 D. 83
5 Determine the middle term of an AP: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41.
A. 29 B. 23
C. 35 D. 17
6 Find the value of the middle most term (s) of the AP:
-11, -7, -3,..., 49.
7 Find the sum of the first 5 terms of the arithmetic progression whose first term is 3 and 5th
term is 11.
8 The first term of an A.P. is -7 and the common difference is 5. Find its 18th term and the
general term.
9 Find the middle term of an Arithmetic Progression 6, 13, 20,……, 216.
10 Find the middle term of an A.P. 213, 205, 197, …, 37.
Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
SUM OF FIRST N TERMS OF AN A.P.

(Practice Sheet)
1 What will be the nth term of the AP 1, 5, 9, 13, 17…….?
A. 4n – 3 B. 3n – 4
C. 3n – 4 D. 3n + 4
2 If the nth term of the AP is 2n + 7, then the common difference will be _____.
A. -2 B. 2
C. 3 D. -3
3 What is the sum of the first 15 natural numbers using the formula for the sum of an AP?
A. 90 B. 105
C. 120 D. 135
4 If the first term (a) of an arithmetic progression is 7, the common difference (d) is 3, and
the number of terms (n) is 12, what is the sum of the first 12 terms?
A. 204 B. 222
C. 282 D. 294
5 Calculate the sum of the first 25 terms of an arithmetic sequence with a = 1 and d = 2.
A. 625 B. 700
C. 725 D. 750
6 Calculate the sum of the first 20 terms of the arithmetic progression: 3, 6, 9, 12, ... if a = 3
and d = 3.
7 Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the arithmetic sequence with a = 2, d = 4.
8 Find the sum of all even integers between 101 and 999.
9 Find the sum of 10 terms of the AP -3, 1, 5, 9,13..?
10 Find the sum of the series: 7 + 15 + 23 + 31 + 39 + 47 + ……….. + 255
 EXEMPLAR SOLUTION

Chapter 5-
Arithematic Progressions
Exercise 5.1
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions:
1. In an AP, if d = –4, n = 7, an = 4, then a is
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 20 (D) 28
Solution:
(D) 28
Explanation:
We know that nth term of an AP is
an = a + (n - 1)d
where,
a = first term
an is nth term
d is the common difference
According to the question,
4 = a + (7 - 1)(- 4)
4 = a – 24
a = 24 + 4 = 28

2. In an AP, if a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 101, then an will be

(A) 0 (B) 3.5 (C) 103.5 (D) 104.5
Solution:
(B) 3.5
Explanation:
We know that nth term of an AP is
an = a + (n - 1)d
Where,
a = first term
an is nth term
d is the common difference
an = 3.5 + (101 - 1)0
= 3.5
(Since, d = 0, it’s a constant A.P)

3. The list of numbers – 10, – 6, – 2, 2,... is

(A) an AP with d = – 16
(B) an AP with d = 4
(C) an AP with d = – 4
(D) not an AP
Solution:
(B) an AP with d = 4
Explanation:
According to the question,
a1 = - 10
a2 = - 6
 a3 = - 2
a4 = 2
a2 - a1 = 4
a3 - a2 = 4
a4 - a3 = 4
a2 - a1 = a3 - a2 = a4 - a3 = 4
Therefore, it’s an A.P with d = 4

4. The 11th term of the AP: –5, (–5/2), 0, 5/2, ...is

(A) –20 (B) 20 (C) –30 (D) 30
Solution:
(B) 20
Explanation:
First term, a = - 5
Common difference,
d = 5 – (-5/2) = 5/2
n = 11
We know that the nth term of an AP is
an = a + (n - 1)d
Where,
a = first term
an is nth term
d is the common difference
a11 = - 5 + (11 - 1)(5/2)
a11 = - 5 + 25 = 20

5. The first four terms of an AP, whose first term is –2 and the common difference is –2, are
(A) – 2, 0, 2, 4
(B) – 2, 4, – 8, 16
(C) – 2, – 4, – 6, – 8
(D) – 2, – 4, – 8, –16
Solution:
(C) – 2, – 4, – 6, – 8
Explanation:
First term, a = - 2
Second Term, d = - 2
a1 = a = - 2
We know that the nth term of an AP is
an = a + (n - 1)d
Where,
a = first term
an is nth term
d is the common difference
Hence, we have,
a2 = a + d = - 2 + (- 2) = - 4
Similarly,
 a3 = - 6
a4 = - 8
So the A.P is
- 2, - 4, - 6, - 8

6. The 21st term of the AP whose first two terms are –3 and 4 is
(A) 17 (B) 137 (C) 143 (D) –143
Solution:
(B) 137
Explanation:
First two terms of an AP are a = - 3 and a2 = 4.
We know, nth term of an AP is
an = a + (n - 1)d
Where,
a = first term
an is nth term
d is the common difference
a2 = a + d
4=-3+d
d=7
Common difference, d = 7
a21 = a + 20d
= - 3 + (20)(7)
= 137

7. If the 2nd term of an AP is 13 and the 5th term is 25, what is its 7th term?
(A) 30 (B) 33 (C) 37 (D) 38
Solution:
(B) 33
Explanation:
We know that the nth term of an AP is
an = a + (n - 1)d
Where,
a = first term
an is nth term
d is the common difference
a2 = a + d = 13 …..(1)
a5 = a + 4d = 25 …… (2)
From equation (1) we have,
a = 13 – d
Using this in equation (2), we have
13 - d + 4d = 25
13 + 3d = 25
3d = 12
d=4
a = 13 - 4 = 9
 a7 = a + 6d
= 9 + 6(4)
= 9 + 24 = 33

8. Which term of the AP: 21, 42, 63, 84... is 210?

(A) 9th (B) 10th (C) 11th (D) 12th
Solution:
(B) 10th
Explanation:
Let nth term of the given AP be 210.
According to question,
first term, a = 21
common difference, d = 42 – 21 = 21 and an = 210
We know that the nth term of an AP is
an = a + (n - 1)d
Where,
a = first term
an is nth term
d is the common difference
210 = 21 + (n - 1)21
189 = (n - 1)21
n-1=9
n = 10
So, 10th term of an AP is 210.

9. If the common difference of an AP is 5, then what is a18 – a13?

(A) 5 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 30
Solution:
(C) 25
Explanation:
Given, the common difference of AP i.e., d = 5
Now,
As we know, nth term of an AP is
an = a + (n - 1)d
where a = first term
an is nth term
d is the common difference
a18 -a13 = a + 17d – (a + 12d)
= 5d
= 5(5)
= 25
1. Which of the following form an AP? Justify your answer.
(i) –1, –1, –1, –1,...
Solution:
We have a1 = - 1 , a2 = - 1, a3 = - 1 and a4 = - 1
a2 - a1 = 0
a3 - a2 = 0
a4 - a3 = 0
Clearly, the difference of successive terms is same, therefore given list of numbers from
an AP.

(ii) 0, 2, 0, 2,...
Solution:
We have a1 = 0, a2 = 2, a3 = 0 and a4 = 2
a2 - a1 = 2
a3 - a2 = - 2
a4 - a3 = 2
Clearly, the difference of successive terms is not same, therefore given list of numbers
does not form an AP.

(iii) 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3...
Solution:
We have a1 = 1 , a2 = 1, a3 = 2 and a4 = 2
a2 - a1 = 0
a3 - a2 = 1
Clearly, the difference of successive terms is not same, therefore given list of numbers
does not form an AP.

(iv) 11, 22, 33...

Solution:
We have a1 = 11, a2 = 22 and a3 = 33
a2 - a1 = 11
a3 - a2 = 11
Clearly, the difference of successive terms is same, therefore given list of numbers form
an AP.

(v) 1/2,1/3,1/4, ...

Solution:
We have a1 = ½ , a2 = 1/3 and a3 = ¼
a2 - a1 = -1/6
a3 - a2 = -1/12
Clearly, the difference of successive terms is not same, therefore given list of numbers
does not form an AP.
(vi) 2, 22, 23, 24, ...
Solution:
We have a1 = 2 , a2 = 22, a3 = 23 and a4 = 24
a2 - a1 = 22 - 2 = 4 - 2 = 2
a3 - a2 = 23 - 22 = 8 - 4 = 4
Clearly, the difference of successive terms is not same, therefore given list of numbers
does not form an AP.

(vii) √3, √12, √27, √48, ...

Solution:
We have,
a1 = √3, a2 = √12, a3 = √27 and a4 = √48
a2 – a1 = √12 – √3 = 2√3 – √3 = √3
a3 – a2 = √27 – √12 = 3√3 – 2√3 = √3
a4 – a3 = √48 – √27 = 4√3 – 3√3 = √3
Clearly, the difference of successive terms is same, therefore given list of numbers from
an AP.

2. Justify whether it is true to say that –1, -3/2, –2, 5/2,... forms an AP as
a2 – a1 = a3 – a2.
Solution:
False
a1 = -1, a2 = -3/2, a3 = -2 and a4 = 5/2
a2 – a1 = -3/2 – (-1) = - ½
a3 – a2 = - 2 – (- 3/2) = - ½
a4 – a3 = 5/2 – (-2) = 9/2
Clearly, the difference of successive terms in not same, all though, a2 - a1 = a3 - a2 but a4 -
a3 ≠ a3 - a2 therefore it does not form an AP.

3. For the AP: –3, –7, –11, ..., can we find directly a30 – a20 without actually finding a30 and a20?
Give reasons for your answer.
Solution:
True
Given
First term, a = - 3
Common difference, d = a2 - a1 = - 7 - (- 3) = - 4
a30 - a20 = a + 29d - (a + 19d)
= 10d
= - 40
It is so because difference between any two terms of an AP is proportional to common
difference of that AP

4. Two APs have the same common difference. The first term of one AP is 2 and that of the other
is 7. The difference between their 10th terms is the same as the difference between their 21st
terms, which is the same as the difference between any two corresponding terms. Why?
Solution:
Suppose there are two AP's with first terms a and A
And their common differences are d and D respectively
Suppose n be any term
an = a + (n - 1)d
An = A + (n - 1)D
As common difference is equal for both AP's
We have D = d
Using this we have
An - an = a + (n - - 1)d - [ A + (n - 1)D]
= a + (n - 1)d - A - (n - 1)d
=a–A
As a - A is a constant value
Therefore, difference between any corresponding terms will be equal to a - A.
Exercise 5.3
1. Match the APs given in column A with suitable common differences given in column B.
Column A Column B
(A1) 2, – 2, – 6, –10,... (B1) 2/3
(A2) a = –18, n = 10, an = 0 (B2) –5
(A3) a = 0, a10 = 6 (B3) 4
(A4) a2 = 13, a4 =3 (B4) –4
(B5) 2
(B6) 1/2
(B7) 5
Solution:
(A1) AP is 2, - 2, - 6, - 10, ….
So common difference is simply
a2 - a1 = - 2 - 2 = - 4 = (B3)

(A2) Given
First term, a = - 18
No of terms, n = 10
Last term, an = 0
By using the nth term formula
an = a + (n - 1)d
0 = - 18 + (10 - 1)d
18 = 9d
d = 2 = (B5)

(A3) Given
First term, a = 0
Tenth term, a10 = 6
By using the nth term formula
an = a + (n - 1)d
a10 = a + 9d
6 = 0 + 9d
d = 2/3 = (B6)

(A4) Let the first term be a and common difference be d

Given that
a2 = 13
a4 = 3
a2 - a4 = 10
a + d - (a + 3d) = 10
d - 3d = 10
- 2d = 10
d = - 5= (B1)
2. Verify that each of the following is an AP, and then write its next three terms.
(i) 0, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4,...
Solution:
Here,
a1 = 0
a2 = ¼
a3 = ½
a4 = ¾
a2 – a1 = ¼ - 0 = ¼
a3 – a2 = ½ - ¼ = ¼
a4 – a3 = ¾ - ½ = ¼
Since, difference of successive terms are equal,
Hence, 0, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4... is an AP with common difference ¼.
Therefore, the next three term will be,
¾ + ¼ , ¾ + 2(¼), ¾ + 3(¼)
1, 5/4 , 3/2

(ii) 5, 14/3, 13/3, 4...

Solution:
Here,
a1 = 5
a2 = 14/3
a3 = 13/3
a4 = 4
a2 – a1 = 14/3 – 5 = -1/3
a3 – a2 = 13/3 – 14/3 = -1/3
a4 – a3 = 4 – 13/3 = -1/3
Since, difference of successive terms are equal,
Hence, 5, 14/3, 13/3, 4... is an AP with common difference -1/3.
Therefore, the next three term will be,
4 + (-1/3), 4 + 2(-1/3), 4 + 3(-1/3)
11/3 , 10/3, 3

(iii) √3 , 2√3, 3√3,...

Solution:
Here,
a1 = √3
a2 = 2√3
a3 = 3√3
a4 = 4√3
a2 – a1 = 2√3 – √3 = √3
a3 – a2 = 3√3 – 2√3= √3
a4 – a3 = 4√3 – 3√3= √3
Since, difference of successive terms are equal,
Hence, √3 , 2√3, 3√3,... is an AP with common difference √3.
Therefore, the next three term will be,
 4√3 + √3, 4√3 + 2√3, 4√3 + 3√3
5√3, 6√3, 7√3

(iv) a + b, (a + 1) + b, (a + 1) + (b + 1), ...

Solution:
Here
a1 = a + b
a2 = (a + 1) + b
a3 = (a + 1) + (b + 1)
a2 - a1 = (a + 1) + b - (a + b) = 1
a3 - a2 = (a + 1) + (b + 1) - (a + 1) - b = 1
Since, difference of successive terms are equal,
Hence, a + b, (a + 1) + b, (a + 1) + (b + 1), ... is an AP with common difference 1.
Therefore, the next three term will be,
(a + 1) + (b + 1) + 1, (a + 1) + (b + 1) + 1(2), (a + 1) + (b + 1) + 1(3)
(a + 2) + (b + 1), (a + 2) + (b + 2), (a + 3) + (b + 2)

(v) a, 2a + 1, 3a + 2, 4a + 3,...
Solution:
Here a1 = a
a2 = 2a + 1
a3 = 3a + 2
a4 = 4a + 3
a2 - a1 = (2a + 1) – (a) = a + 1
a3 - a2 = (3a + 2) – (2a + 1) = a + 1
a4 - a3 = (4a + 3) – (3a+2) = a + 1
Since, difference of successive terms are equal,
Hence, a, 2a + 1, 3a + 2, 4a + 3,... is an AP with common difference a+1.
Therefore, the next three term will be,
4a + 3 +(a + 1), 4a + 3 + 2(a + 1), 4a + 3 + 3(a + 1)
5a + 4, 6a + 5, 7a + 6

3. Write the first three terms of the APs when a and d are as given below:
(i) a =1/2, d = -1/6
(ii) a = –5, d = –3
(iii) a = 2 , d = 1/√2
Solution:
(i) a =1/2, d = -1/6
We know that,
First three terms of AP are :
a, a + d, a + 2d
½, ½ + (-1/6), ½ + 2 (-1/6)
½, 1/3, 1/6

(ii) a = –5, d = –3
We know that,
 First three terms of AP are :
a, a + d, a + 2d
-5, - 5 + 1 (- 3), - 5 + 2 (- 3)
- 5, - 8, - 11

(iii) a = √2 , d = 1/√2
We know that,
First three terms of AP are :
a, a + d, a + 2d
√2, √2+1/√2, √2+2/√2
√2, 3/√2, 4/√2

4. Find a, b and c such that the following numbers are in AP: a, 7, b, 23, c.
Solution:
For a, 7, b, 23, c… to be in AP
it has to satisfy the condition,
a5 - a4 = a4 - a3 = a3 - a2 = a2 - a1 = d
Where d is thecommon difference
7 - a = b - 7 = 23 - b = c – 23 …(1)
Let us equate,
b - 7 = 23 – b
2b = 30
b = 15 (eqn 1)
And,
7-a=b–7
From eqn 1
7 - a = 15 – 7
a=-1
And,
c - 23 = 23 – b
c - 23 = 23 – 15
c - 23 = 8
c = 31
So a = - 1
b = 15
c = 31
Then, we can say that, the sequence - 1, 7, 15, 23, 31 is an AP

5. Determine the AP whose fifth term is 19 and the difference of the eighth term from the
thirteenth term is 20.
Solution:
We know that,
The first term of an AP = a
And, the common difference = d.
According to the question,
5th term, a5 = 19
Using the nth term formula,
an = a + (n - 1)d
We get,
a + 4d = 19
a = 19 - 4d …(1)
Also,
20th term - 8th term = 20
a + 19d - (a + 7d) = 20
12d = 20
d = 4/3
Substituting d = 4/3 in equation 1,
We get,
a = 19 – 4(4/3)
a = 41/3
Then, the AP becomes,
41/3, 41/3 + 4/3 , 41/3 + 2(4/3)
41/3, 15, 49/3
Exercise 5.4
1. The sum of the first five terms of an AP and the sum of the first seven terms of the same AP is
167. If the sum of the first ten terms of this AP is 235, find the sum of its first twenty terms.
Solution:
We know that, in an A.P.,
First term = a
Common difference = d
Number of terms of an AP = n
According to the question,
We have,
S5 + S7 = 167
Using the formula for sum of n terms,
Sn = (n/2) [2a + (n-1)d]
So, we get,
(5/2) [2a + (5-1)d] + (7/2)[2a + (7-1)d] = 167
5(2a + 4d) + 7(2a + 6d) = 334
10a + 20d + 14a + 42d = 334
24a + 62d = 334
12a + 31d = 167
12a = 167 - 31d …(1)
We have,
S10 = 235
(10/2) [2a + (10-1)d] = 235
5[ 2a + 9d] = 235
2a + 9d = 47
Multiplying L.H.S and R.H.S by 6,
We get,
12a + 54d = 282
From equation (1)
167 - 31d + 54d = 282
23d = 282 – 167
23d = 115
d=5
Substituting the value of d = 5 in equation (1)
12a = 167 - 31(5)
12a = 167 – 155
12a = 12
a=1
We know that,
S20 = (n/2) [2a + (20 – 1)d]
= 20/(2[2(1) + 19 (5)])
= 10[ 2 + 95]
= 970
Therefore, the sum of first 20 terms is 970.
2. Find the
(i) Sum of those integers between 1 and 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.
(ii) Sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5 .
(iii) Sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 or 5.
[Hint (iii): These numbers will be: multiples of 2 + multiples of 5 – multiples of 2 as well as
of 5]
Solution:
(i) Sum of those integers between 1 and 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.
We know that,
Multiples of 2 as well as of 5 = LCM of (2, 5) = 10
Multiples of 2 as well as of 5 between 1 and 500 = 10, 20, 30…, 490.
Hence,
We can conclude that 10, 20, 30…, 490 is an AP with common difference, d = 10
First term, a = 10
Let the number of terms in this AP = n
Using nth term formula,
an = a + (n - 1)d
490 = 10 + (n - 1)10
480 = (n - 1)10
n - 1 = 48
n = 49
Sum of an AP,
Sn = (n/2) [a + an], here an is the last term, which is given]
= (49/2) × [10 + 490]
= (49/2) × [500]
= 49 × 250
= 12250
Therefore, sum of those integers between 1 and 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of
5 = 12250

(ii) Sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.
We know that,
Multiples of 2 as well as of 5 = LCM of (2, 5) = 10
Multiples of 2 as well as of 5 from 1 and 500 = 10, 20, 30…, 500.
Hence,
We can conclude that 10, 20, 30…, 500 is an AP with common difference, d = 10
First term, a = 10
Let the number of terms in this AP = n
Using nth term formula,
an = a + (n - 1)d
500 = 10 + (n - 1)10
490 = (n - 1)10
n - 1 = 49
n = 50
Sum of an AP,
Sn = (n/2) [ a + an], here an is the last term, which is given]
 = (50/2) ×[10+500]
= 25× [10 + 500]
= 25(510)
= 12750
Therefore, sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5=
12750

(iii) Sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 or 5.

We know that,
Multiples of 2 or 5 = Multiple of 2 + Multiple of 5 – Multiple of LCM (2, 5)
Multiples of 2 or 5 = Multiple of 2 + Multiple of 5 – Multiple of LCM (10)
Multiples of 2 or 5 from 1 to 500 = List of multiple of 2 from 1 to 500 + List of multiple
of 5 from 1 to 500 - List of multiple of 10 from 1 to 500
= (2, 4, 6… 500) + (5, 10, 15… 500) - (10, 20, 30… 500)
Required sum = sum(2, 4, 6,…, 500) + sum(5, 10, 15,…, 500) - sum(10, 20, 30,., 500)
Consider the first series,
2, 4, 6, …., 500
First term, a = 2
Common difference, d = 2
Let n be no of terms
an = a + (n - 1)d
500 = 2 + (n - 1)2
498 = (n - 1)2
n - 1 = 249
n = 250
Sum of an AP, Sn = (n/2) [ a + an]
Let the sum of this AP be S1,
S1 = S250 = (250/2) ×[2+500]
S1 = 125(502)
S1 = 62750 … (1)

Consider the second series,

5, 10, 15, …., 500
First term, a = 5
Common difference, d = 5
Let n be no of terms
By nth term formula
an = a + (n - 1)d
500 = 5 + (n - 1)
495 = (n - 1)5
n - 1 = 99
n = 100
Sum of an AP, Sn = (n/2) [ a + an]
Let the sum of this AP be S2,
S2 = S100 = (100/2) ×[5+500]
S2 = 50(505)
 S2 = 25250 … (2)

Consider the third series,

10, 20, 30, …., 500
First term, a = 10
Common difference, d = 10
Let n be no of terms
an = a + (n - 1)d
500 = 10 + (n - 1)10
490 = (n - 1)10
n - 1 = 49
n = 50
Sum of an AP, Sn = (n/2) [ a + an]
Let the sum of this AP be S3,
S3 = S50 = (50/2) × [2+510]
S3 = 25(510)
S3 = 12750 … (3)

Therefore, the required Sum, S = S1 + S2 - S3

S = 62750 + 25250 – 12750
= 75250

3. The eighth term of an AP is half its second term and the eleventh term exceeds one third of its
fourth term by 1. Find the 15th term.
Solution:
We know that,
First term of an AP = a
Common difference of AP = d
nth term of an AP, an = a + (n - 1)d
According to the question,
as = ½ a2
2a8 = a2
2(a + 7d) = a + d
2a + 14d = a + d
a = - 13d …(1)
Also,
a11 = 1/3 a4 + 1
3(a + 10d) = a + 3d + 3
3a + 30d = a + 3d + 3
2a + 27d = 3
Substituting a = -13d in the equation,
2 (- 13d) + 27d = 3
d=3
Then,
a = - 13(3)= - 39
Now,
 a15 = a + 14d
= - 39 + 14(3)
= - 39 + 42
=3
So 15th term is 3.

4. An AP consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three middle most terms is 225 and the sum of the
last three is 429. Find the AP.
Solution:
We know that,
First term of an AP = a
Common difference of AP = d
nth term of an AP, an = a + (n - 1)d
Since, n = 37 (odd),
Middle term will be (n+1)/2 = 19th term
Thus, the three middle most terms will be,
18th, 19th and 20th terms
According to the question,
a18 + a19 + a20 = 225
Using an = a + (n - 1)d
a + 17d + a + 18d + a + 19d = 225
3a + 54d = 225
3a = 225 - 54d
a = 75 - 18d … (1)
Now, we know that last three terms will be 35th, 36th and 37th terms.
According to the question,
a35 + a36 + a37 = 429
a + 34d + a + 35d + a + 36d = 429
3a + 105d = 429
a + 35d = 143
Substituting a = 75 - 18d from equation 1,
75 - 18d + 35d = 143 [ using eqn1]
17d = 68
d=4
Then,
a = 75 - 18(4)
a=3
Therefore, the AP is a, a + d, a + 2d….
i.e. 3, 7, 11….

5. Find the sum of the integers between 100 and 200 that are
(i) divisible by 9
(ii) not divisible by 9
[Hint (ii): These numbers will be: Total numbers – Total numbers divisible by 9]
Solution:
(i) The number between 100 and 200 which is divisible by 9 = 108, 117, 126, …198
Let the number of terms between 100 and 200 which is divisible by 9 = n
an = a + (n - 1)d
198 = 108 + (n - 1)9
90 = (n - 1)9
n - 1 = 10
n = 11
Sum of an AP = Sn = (n/2) [ a + an]
Sn = (11/2) × [108 + 198]
= (11/2) × 306
= 11(153)
= 1683

(ii) Sum of the integers between 100 and 200 which is not divisible by 9 = (sum of total numbers
between 100 and 200) – (sum of total numbers between 100 and 200 which is divisible by 9)
Sum, S = S1 - S2
Here,
S1 = sum of AP 101, 102, 103, - - - , 199
S2 = sum of AP 108, 117, 126, - - - , 198
For AP 101, 102, 103, - - - , 199
First term, a = 101
Common difference, d = 199
Number of terms = n
Then,
an = a + (n - 1)d
199 = 101 + (n - 1)1
98 = (n - 1)
n = 99
Sum of an AP = Sn = (n/2) [ a + an]
Sum of this AP,
S1 = (99/2) × [199 + 101]
= (99/2) × 300
= 99(150)
= 14850

For AP 108, 117, 126, - - - - , 198

First term, a = 108
Common difference, d = 9
Last term, an = 198
Number of terms = n
Then,
an = a + (n - 1)d
198 = 108 + (n - 1)9
10 = (n - 1)
n = 11
Sum of an AP = Sn = (n/2) [ a + an]
Sum of this AP,
S2 = (11/2) × [108 + 198]
= (11/2) × (306)
= 11(153)
= 1683
Substituting the value of S1 and S2 in the equation, S = S1 - S2
S = S1 + S 2
= 14850 – 1683
= 13167
 NCERT TEXTBOOK SOLUTIONS

Chapter 5 Arithmetic Progressions

Exercise 5.1
Question 1:

In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved make as
arithmetic progression and why?

(i) The taxi fare after each km when the fare is Rs 15 for the first km and Rs 8 for each
additional km.

(ii) The amount of air present in a cylinder when a vacuum pump removes of the air
remaining in the cylinder at a time.

(iii) The cost of digging a well after every metre of digging, when it costs Rs 150 for the
first metre and rises by Rs 50 for each subsequent metre.

(iv)The amount of money in the account every year, when Rs 10000 is deposited at
compound interest at 8% per annum.

Answer:

(i) It can be observed that

Taxi fare for 1st km = 15

Taxi fare for first 2 km = 15 + 8 = 23

Taxi fare for first 3 km = 23 + 8 = 31

Taxi fare for first 4 km = 31 + 8 = 39

Clearly 15, 23, 31, 39 … forms an A.P. because every term is 8 more than the preceding
term.

(ii) Let the initial volume of air in a cylinder be V lit. In each stroke, the vacuum pump

removes of air remaining in the cylinder at a time. In other words, after every stroke,

only part of air will remain.

Therefore, volumes will be

Clearly, it can be observed that the adjacent terms of this series do not have the same
difference between them. Therefore, this is not an A.P.

(iii) Cost of digging for first metre = 150

Cost of digging for first 2 metres = 150 + 50 = 200

Cost of digging for first 3 metres = 200 + 50 = 250

Clearly, 150, 200, 250, 300 … forms an A.P. because every term is 50 more than the
preceding term.

(iv) We know that if Rs P is deposited at r% compound interest per annum for n years,

our money will be after n years.

Therefore, after every year, our money will be

Clearly, adjacent terms of this series do not have the same difference between them.
Therefore, this is not an A.P.

Question 2:

Write first four terms of the A.P. when the first term a and the common difference d are
given as follows

(i) a = 10, d = 10

(ii) a = − 2, d = 0

(iii) a = 4, d = − 3

(iv) a = − 1 d =

(v) a = − 1.25, d = − 0.25

Answer:

(i) a = 10, d = 10

Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …

a1 = a = 10
a2 = a1 + d = 10 + 10 = 20

a3 = a2 + d = 20 + 10 = 30

a4 = a3 + d = 30 + 10 = 40

a5 = a4 + d = 40 + 10 = 50

Therefore, the series will be 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 …

First four terms of this A.P. will be 10, 20, 30, and 40.

(ii) a = −2, d = 0

Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …

a1 = a = −2

a2 = a1 + d = − 2 + 0 = −2

a3 = a2 + d = − 2 + 0 = −2

a4 = a3 + d = − 2 + 0 = −2

Therefore, the series will be −2, −2, −2, −2 …

First four terms of this A.P. will be −2, −2, −2 and −2.

(iii) a = 4, d = −3

Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …

a1 = a = 4

a2 = a1 + d = 4 − 3 = 1

a3 = a2 + d = 1 − 3 = −2

a4 = a3 + d = − 2 − 3 = −5

Therefore, the series will be 4, 1, −2 −5 …

First four terms of this A.P. will be 4, 1, −2 and −5.

(iv) a = −1, d =

Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …

Clearly, the series will be

………….

First four terms of this A.P. will be .

(v) a = −1.25, d = −0.25

Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …

a1 = a = −1.25

a2 = a1 + d = − 1.25 − 0.25 = −1.50

a3 = a2 + d = − 1.50 − 0.25 = −1.75

a4 = a3 + d = − 1.75 − 0.25 = −2.00

Clearly, the series will be 1.25, −1.50, −1.75, −2.00 …….

First four terms of this A.P. will be −1.25, −1.50, −1.75 and −2.00.

Question 3:

For the following A.P.s, write the first term and the common difference.

(i) 3, 1, − 1, − 3 …

(ii) − 5, − 1, 3, 7 …

(iii)

(iv) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9 …

Answer:
(i) 3, 1, −1, −3 …

Here, first term, a = 3

Common difference, d = Second term − First term

= 1 − 3 = −2

(ii) −5, −1, 3, 7 …

Here, first term, a = −5

Common difference, d = Second term − First term

= (−1) − (−5) = − 1 + 5 = 4

(iii)

Here, first term,

Common difference, d = Second term − First term

(iv) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9 …

Here, first term, a = 0.6

Common difference, d = Second term − First term

= 1.7 − 0.6

= 1.1

Question 4:

Which of the following are APs? If they form an A.P. find the common difference d and
write three more terms.

(i) 2, 4, 8, 16 …

(ii)

(iii) − 1.2, − 3.2, − 5.2, − 7.2 …

(iv) − 10, − 6, − 2, 2 …

(v)

(vi) 0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222 ….

(vii) 0, − 4, − 8, − 12 …

(viii)

(ix) 1, 3, 9, 27 …

(x) a, 2a, 3a, 4a …

(xi) a, a2, a3, a4 … (xii)

(xiii)

(xiv) 12, 32, 52, 72 …

(xv) 12, 52, 72, 73 …

Answer:

(i) 2, 4, 8, 16 …

It can be observed that

a2 − a1 = 4 − 2 = 2

a3 − a2 = 8 − 4 = 4

a4 − a3 = 16 − 8 = 8

i.e., ak+1− ak is not the same every time. Therefore, the given numbers are not forming an
A.P.

(ii)

It can be observed that

i.e., ak+1− ak is same every time.

Therefore, and the given numbers are in A.P.

Three more terms are

(iii) −1.2, −3.2, −5.2, −7.2 …

It can be observed that

a2 − a1 = (−3.2) − (−1.2) = −2

a3 − a2 = (−5.2) − (−3.2) = −2

a4 − a3 = (−7.2) − (−5.2) = −2

i.e., ak+1− Ak is same every time. Therefore, d = −2

The given numbers are in A.P.

Three more terms are

a5 = − 7.2 − 2 = −9.2

a6 = − 9.2 − 2 = −11.2

a7 = − 11.2 − 2 = −13.2

(iv) −10, −6, −2, 2 …

It can be observed that

a2 − a1 = (−6) − (−10) = 4

a3 − a2 = (−2) − (−6) = 4

a4 − a3 = (2) − (−2) = 4

i.e., ak+1 − ak is same every time. Therefore, d = 4

The given numbers are in A.P.

Three more terms are

a5 = 2 + 4 = 6

a6 = 6 + 4 = 10

a7 = 10 + 4 = 14

(v)

It can be observed that

i.e., ak+1 − ak is same every time. Therefore,

The given numbers are in A.P.

Three more terms are

(vi) 0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222 ….

It can be observed that

a2 − a1 = 0.22 − 0.2 = 0.02

a3 − a2 = 0.222 − 0.22 = 0.002

a4 − a3 = 0.2222 − 0.222 = 0.0002

i.e., ak+1 − ak is not the same every time.

Therefore, the given numbers are not in A.P.

(vii) 0, −4, −8, −12 …

It can be observed that

a2 − a1 = (−4) − 0 = −4

a3 − a2 = (−8) − (−4) = −4

a4 − a3 = (−12) − (−8) = −4

i.e., ak+1 − ak is same every time. Therefore, d = −4

The given numbers are in A.P.

Three more terms are

a5 = − 12 − 4 = −16

a6 = − 16 − 4 = −20

a7 = − 20 − 4 = −24

(viii)

It can be observed that

i.e., ak+1 − ak is same every time. Therefore, d = 0

The given numbers are in A.P.

Three more terms are

(ix) 1, 3, 9, 27 …

It can be observed that

a2 − a1 = 3 − 1 = 2

a3 − a2 = 9 − 3 = 6

a4 − a3 = 27 − 9 = 18

i.e., ak+1 − ak is not the same every time.

Therefore, the given numbers are not in A.P.

(x) a, 2a, 3a, 4a …

It can be observed that

a2 − a1 = 2a − a = a

a3 − a2 = 3a − 2a = a

a4 − a3 = 4a − 3a = a

i.e., ak+1 − ak is same every time. Therefore, d = a

The given numbers are in A.P.

Three more terms are

a5 = 4a + a = 5a

a6 = 5a + a = 6a

a7 = 6a + a = 7a

(xi) a, a2, a3, a4 …

It can be observed that

a2 − a1 = a2 − a = a (a − 1)
a3 − a2 = a3 − a2 = a2 (a − 1)

a4 − a3 = a4 − a3 = a3 (a − 1)

i.e., ak+1 − ak is not the same every time.

Therefore, the given numbers are not in A.P.

(xii)

It can be observed that

i.e., ak+1 − ak is same every time.

Therefore, the given numbers are in A.P.

And,

Three more terms are

(xiii)

It can be observed that

i.e., ak+1 − ak is not the same every time.

Therefore, the given numbers are not in A.P.

(xiv) 12, 32, 52, 72 …

Or, 1, 9, 25, 49 …...

It can be observed that

a2 − a1 = 9 − 1 = 8

a3 − a2 = 25 − 9 = 16

a4 − a3 = 49 − 25 = 24

i.e., ak+1 − ak is not the same every time.

Therefore, the given numbers are not in A.P.

(xv) 12, 52, 72, 73 …

Or 1, 25, 49, 73 …

It can be observed that

a2 − a1 = 25 − 1 = 24

a3 − a2 = 49 − 25 = 24

a4 − a3 = 73 − 49 = 24

i.e., ak+1 − ak is same every time.

Therefore, the given numbers are in A.P.

And, d = 24

Three more terms are

a5 = 73+ 24 = 97

a6 = 97 + 24 = 121

a7 = 121 + 24 = 145

Exercise 5.2
Question 1:

Fill in the blanks in the following table, given that a is the first term, d the common
difference and an the nth term of the A.P.

a d n an
I 7 3 8 ……
II − 18 ….. 10 0
III ….. − 3 18 − 5
IV − 18.9 2.5 ….. 3.6
V 3.5 0 105 …..

Answer:

I. a = 7, d = 3, n = 8, an = ?

We know that,

For an A.P. an = a + (n − 1) d

= 7 + (8 − 1) 3

= 7 + (7) 3

= 7 + 21 = 28

Hence, an = 28

II. Given that

a = −18, n = 10, an = 0, d = ?

We know that,

an = a + (n − 1) d

0 = − 18 + (10 − 1) d

18 = 9d

Hence, common difference, d = 2

III. Given that

d = −3, n = 18, an = −5

We know that,

an = a + (n − 1) d

−5 = a + (18 − 1) (−3)

−5 = a + (17) (−3)
−5 = a − 51

a = 51 − 5 = 46

Hence, a = 46

IV. a = −18.9, d = 2.5, an = 3.6, n = ?

We know that,

an = a + (n − 1) d

3.6 = − 18.9 + (n − 1) 2.5

3.6 + 18.9 = (n − 1) 2.5

22.5 = (n − 1) 2.5

Hence, n = 10

V. a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 105, an = ?

We know that,

an = a + (n − 1) d

an = 3.5 + (105 − 1) 0

an = 3.5 + 104 × 0

an = 3.5

Hence, an = 3.5

Question 2:

Choose the correct choice in the following and justify

I. 30th term of the A.P: 10, 7, 4, …, is

A. 97 B. 77 C. − 77 D. − 87
II 11th term of the A.P. is

A. 28 B. 22 C. − 38 D.

Answer:

I. Given that

A.P. 10, 7, 4, …

First term, a = 10

Common difference, d = a2 − a1 = 7 − 10

= −3

We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d

a30 = 10 + (30 − 1) (−3)

a30 = 10 + (29) (−3)

a30 = 10 − 87 = −77

Hence, the correct Answer is C.

II. Given that, A.P.

First term a = −3

Common difference, d = a2 − a1

We know that,
Hence, the Answer is B.

Question 3:

In the following APs find the missing term in the boxes

I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

Answer:

I.

For this A.P.,

a=2

a3 = 26

We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d

a3 = 2 + (3 − 1) d

26 = 2 + 2d

24 = 2d

d = 12
a2 = 2 + (2 − 1) 12

= 14

Therefore, 14 is the missing term.

II.

For this A.P.,

a2 = 13 and

a4 = 3

We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d

a2 = a + (2 − 1) d

13 = a + d (I)

a4 = a + (4 − 1) d

3 = a + 3d (II)

On subtracting (I) from (II), we obtain

−10 = 2d

d = −5

From equation (I), we obtain

13 = a + (−5)

a = 18

a3 = 18 + (3 − 1) (−5)

= 18 + 2 (−5) = 18 − 10 = 8

Therefore, the missing terms are 18 and 8 respectively.

III.

For this A.P.,

We know that,

Therefore, the missing terms are and 8 respectively.

IV.

For this A.P.,

a = −4 and

a6 = 6

We know that,

an = a + (n − 1) d

a6 = a + (6 − 1) d

6 = − 4 + 5d

10 = 5d

d=2

a2 = a + d = − 4 + 2 = −2
a3 = a + 2d = − 4 + 2 (2) = 0

a4 = a + 3d = − 4 + 3 (2) = 2

a5 = a + 4d = − 4 + 4 (2) = 4

Therefore, the missing terms are −2, 0, 2, and 4 respectively.

V.

For this A.P.,

a2 = 38

a6 = −22

We know that

an = a + (n − 1) d

a2 = a + (2 − 1) d

38 = a + d (1)

a6 = a + (6 − 1) d

−22 = a + 5d (2)

On subtracting equation (1) from (2), we obtain

− 22 − 38 = 4d

−60 = 4d

d = −15

a = a2 − d = 38 − (−15) = 53

a3 = a + 2d = 53 + 2 (−15) = 23

a4 = a + 3d = 53 + 3 (−15) = 8

a5 = a + 4d = 53 + 4 (−15) = −7

Therefore, the missing terms are 53, 23, 8, and −7 respectively.

Question 4:

Which term of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, 18, … is 78?

Answer:

3, 8, 13, 18, …

For this A.P.,

a=3

d = a2 − a1 = 8 − 3 = 5

Let nth term of this A.P. be 78.

an = a + (n − 1) d

78 = 3 + (n − 1) 5

75 = (n − 1) 5

(n − 1) = 15

n = 16

Hence, 16th term of this A.P. is 78.

Question 5:

Find the number of terms in each of the following A.P.

I. 7, 13, 19, …, 205

II.

Answer:

I. 7, 13, 19, …, 205

For this A.P.,

a=7

d = a2 − a1 = 13 − 7 = 6

Let there are n terms in this A.P.

an = 205

We know that
an = a + (n − 1) d

Therefore, 205 = 7 + (n − 1) 6

198 = (n − 1) 6

33 = (n − 1)

n = 34

Therefore, this given series has 34 terms in it.

II.

For this A.P.,

Let there are n terms in this A.P.

Therefore, an = −47 and we know that,

Therefore, this given A.P. has 27 terms in it.

Question 6:

Check whether − 150 is a term of the A.P. 11, 8, 5, 2, …

Answer:

For this A.P.,

a = 11

d = a2 − a1 = 8 − 11 = −3

Let −150 be the nth term of this A.P.

We know that,

Clearly, n is not an integer.

Therefore, −150 is not a term of this A.P.

Question 7:

Find the 31st term of an A.P. whose 11th term is 38 and the 16th term is 73

Answer:

Given that,

a11 = 38

a16 = 73

We know that,

an = a + (n − 1) d

a11 = a + (11 − 1) d

38 = a + 10d (1)

Similarly,

a16 = a + (16 − 1) d

73 = a + 15d (2)
On subtracting (1) from (2), we obtain

35 = 5d

d=7

From equation (1),

38 = a + 10 × (7)

38 − 70 = a

a = −32

a31 = a + (31 − 1) d

= − 32 + 30 (7)

= − 32 + 210

= 178

Hence, 31st term is 178.

Question 8:

An A.P. consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is 12 and the last term is 106. Find the
29th term

Answer:

Given that,

a3 = 12

a50 = 106

We know that,

an = a + (n − 1) d

a3 = a + (3 − 1) d

12 = a + 2d (I)

Similarly, a50 = a + (50 − 1) d

106 = a + 49d (II)

On subtracting (I) from (II), we obtain

94 = 47d

d=2

From equation (I), we obtain.

12 = a + 2 (2)

a = 12 − 4 = 8

a29 = a + (29 − 1) d

a29 = 8 + (28)2

a29 = 8 + 56 = 64

Therefore, 29th term is 64.

Question 9:

If the 3rd and the 9th terms of an A.P. are 4 and − 8 respectively. Which term of this A.P. is
zero.

Answer:

Given that,

a3 = 4

a9 = −8

We know that,

an = a + (n − 1) d

a3 = a + (3 − 1) d

4 = a + 2d (I)

a9 = a + (9 − 1) d

−8 = a + 8d (II)

On subtracting equation (I) from (II), we obtain

−12 = 6d

d = −2

From equation (I), we obtain

4 = a + 2 (−2)

4=a−4

a=8

Let nth term of this A.P. be zero.

an = a + (n − 1) d

0 = 8 + (n − 1) (−2)

0 = 8 − 2n + 2

2n = 10

n=5

Hence, 5th term of this A.P. is 0.

Question 10:

If 17th term of an A.P. exceeds its 10th term by 7. Find the common difference.

Answer:

We know that,

For an A.P., an = a + (n − 1) d

a17 = a + (17 − 1) d

a17 = a + 16d

Similarly, a10 = a + 9d

It is given that

a17 − a10 = 7

(a + 16d) − (a + 9d) = 7

7d = 7

d=1

Therefore, the common difference is 1.

Question 11:
Which term of the A.P. 3, 15, 27, 39, … will be 132 more than its 54th term?

Answer:

Given A.P. is 3, 15, 27, 39, …

a=3

d = a2 − a1 = 15 − 3 = 12

a54 = a + (54 − 1) d

= 3 + (53) (12)

= 3 + 636 = 639

132 + 639 = 771

We have to find the term of this A.P. which is 771.

Let nth term be 771.

an = a + (n − 1) d

771 = 3 + (n − 1) 12

768 = (n − 1) 12

(n − 1) = 64

n = 65

Therefore, 65th term was 132 more than 54th term.

Alternatively,

Let nth term be 132 more than 54th term.

Question 12:

Two APs have the same common difference. The difference between their 100th term is
100, what is the difference between their 1000th terms?

Answer:
Let the first term of these A.P.s be a1 and a2 respectively and the common difference of
these A.P.s be d.

For first A.P.,

a100 = a1 + (100 − 1) d

= a1 + 99d

a1000 = a1 + (1000 − 1) d

a1000 = a1 + 999d

For second A.P.,

a100 = a2 + (100 − 1) d

= a2 + 99d

a1000 = a2 + (1000 − 1) d

= a2 + 999d

Given that, difference between

100th term of these A.P.s = 100

Therefore, (a1 + 99d) − (a2 + 99d) = 100

a1 − a2 = 100 (1)

Difference between 1000th terms of these A.P.s

(a1 + 999d) − (a2 + 999d) = a1 − a2

From equation (1),

This difference, a1 − a2 = 100

Hence, the difference between 1000th terms of these A.P. will be 100.

Question 13:

How many three digit numbers are divisible by 7

Answer:

First three-digit number that is divisible by 7 = 105

Next number = 105 + 7 = 112

Therefore, 105, 112, 119, …

All are three digit numbers which are divisible by 7 and thus, all these are terms of an
A.P. having first term as 105 and common difference as 7.

The maximum possible three-digit number is 999. When we divide it by 7, the remainder
will be 5. Clearly, 999 − 5 = 994 is the maximum possible three-digit number that is
divisible by 7.

The series is as follows.

105, 112, 119, …, 994

Let 994 be the nth term of this A.P.

a = 105

d=7

an = 994

n =?

an = a + (n − 1) d

994 = 105 + (n − 1) 7

889 = (n − 1) 7

(n − 1) = 127

n = 128

Therefore, 128 three-digit numbers are divisible by 7.

Question 14:

How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250?

Answer:

First multiple of 4 that is greater than 10 is 12. Next will be 16.

Therefore, 12, 16, 20, 24, …

All these are divisible by 4 and thus, all these are terms of an A.P. with first term as 12
and common difference as 4.

When we divide 250 by 4, the remainder will be 2. Therefore, 250 − 2 = 248 is divisible by
4.
The series is as follows.

12, 16, 20, 24, …, 248

Let 248 be the nth term of this A.P.

Therefore, there are 60 multiples of 4 between 10 and 250.

Question 15:

For what value of n, are the nth terms of two APs 63, 65, 67, and 3, 10, 17, … equal

Answer:

63, 65, 67, …

a = 63

d = a2 − a1 = 65 − 63 = 2

nth term of this A.P. = an = a + (n − 1) d

an= 63 + (n − 1) 2 = 63 + 2n − 2

an = 61 + 2n (1)

3, 10, 17, …

a=3

d = a2 − a1 = 10 − 3 = 7

nth term of this A.P. = 3 + (n − 1) 7

an = 3 + 7n − 7

an = 7n − 4 (2)
It is given that, nth term of these A.P.s are equal to each other.

Equating both these equations, we obtain

61 + 2n = 7n − 4

61 + 4 = 5n

5n = 65

n = 13

Therefore, 13th terms of both these A.P.s are equal to each other.

Question 16:

Determine the A.P. whose third term is 16 and the 7th term exceeds the 5th term by 12.

Answer:

=a3 = 16

a + (3 − 1) d = 16

a + 2d = 16 (1)

a7 − a5 = 12

[a+ (7 − 1) d] − [a + (5 − 1) d]= 12

(a + 6d) − (a + 4d) = 12

2d = 12

d=6

From equation (1), we obtain

a + 2 (6) = 16

a + 12 = 16

a=4

Therefore, A.P. will be

4, 10, 16, 22

Question 17:
Find the 20th term from the last term of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, …, 253

Answer:

Given A.P. is

3, 8, 13, …, 253

Common difference for this A.P. is 5.

Therefore, this A.P. can be written in reverse order as

253, 248, 243, …, 13, 8, 3

For this A.P.,

a = 253

d = 248 − 253 = −5

n = 20

a20 = a + (20 − 1) d

a20 = 253 + (19) (−5)

a20 = 253 − 95

a = 158

Therefore, 20th term from the last term is 158.

Question 18:

The sum of 4th and 8th terms of an A.P. is 24 and the sum of the 6th and 10th terms is 44.
Find the first three terms of the A.P.

Answer:

We know that,

an = a + (n − 1) d

a4 = a + (4 − 1) d

a4 = a + 3d

Similarly,

a8 = a + 7d
a6 = a + 5d

a10 = a + 9d

Given that, a4 + a8 = 24

a + 3d + a + 7d = 24

2a + 10d = 24

a + 5d = 12 (1)

a6 + a10 = 44

a + 5d + a + 9d = 44

2a + 14d = 44

a + 7d = 22 (2)

On subtracting equation (1) from (2), we obtain

2d = 22 − 12

2d = 10

d=5

From equation (1), we obtain

a + 5d = 12

a + 5 (5) = 12

a + 25 = 12

a = −13

a2 = a + d = − 13 + 5 = −8

a3 = a2 + d = − 8 + 5 = −3

Therefore, the first three terms of this A.P. are −13, −8, and −3.

Question 19:

Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual salary of Rs 5000 and received an
increment of Rs 200 each year. In which year did his income reach Rs 7000?

Answer:
It can be observed that the incomes that Subba Rao obtained in various years are in A.P.
as every year, his salary is increased by Rs 200.

Therefore, the salaries of each year after 1995 are

5000, 5200, 5400, …

Here, a = 5000

d = 200

Let after nth year, his salary be Rs 7000.

Therefore, an = a + (n − 1) d

7000 = 5000 + (n − 1) 200

200(n − 1) = 2000

(n − 1) = 10

n = 11

Therefore, in 11th year, his salary will be Rs 7000.

Question 20:

Ramkali saved Rs 5 in the first week of a year and then increased her weekly saving by
Rs 1.75. If in the nth week, her week, her weekly savings become Rs 20.75, find n.

Answer:

Given that,

a=5

d = 1.75

an = 20.75

n =?

an = a + (n − 1) d
n−1=9

n = 10

Hence, n is 10.

Exercise 5.3
Question 1:

Find the sum of the following APs.

(i) 2, 7, 12 ,…., to 10 terms.

(ii) − 37, − 33, − 29 ,…, to 12 terms

(iii) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8 ,…….., to 100 terms

(iv) ,………, to 11 terms

Answer:

(i)2, 7, 12 ,…, to 10 terms

For this A.P.,

a=2

d = a2 − a1 = 7 − 2 = 5

n = 10

We know that,
(ii)−37, −33, −29 ,…, to 12 terms

For this A.P.,

a = −37

d = a2 − a1 = (−33) − (−37)

= − 33 + 37 = 4

n = 12

We know that,

(iii) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8 ,…, to 100 terms

For this A.P.,

a = 0.6

d = a2 − a1 = 1.7 − 0.6 = 1.1

n = 100

We know that,
(iv) . …….. , to 11 terms

For this A.P.,

n = 11

We know that,

Question 2:

Find the sums given below

(i) 7 + + 14 + ………… + 84
(ii) 34 + 32 + 30 + ……….. + 10

(iii) − 5 + (− 8) + (− 11) + ………… + (− 230)

Answer:

(i)7 + + 14 + …………+ 84

For this A.P.,

a=7

l = 84

Let 84 be the nth term of this A.P.

l = a + (n − 1)d

22 = n − 1

n = 23

We know that,

(ii)34 + 32 + 30 + ……….. + 10

For this A.P.,

a = 34

d = a2 − a1 = 32 − 34 = −2

l = 10

Let 10 be the nth term of this A.P.

l = a + (n − 1) d

10 = 34 + (n − 1) (−2)

−24 = (n − 1) (−2)

12 = n − 1

n = 13

(iii) (−5) + (−8) + (−11) + ………… + (−230)

For this A.P.,

a = −5

l = −230

d = a2 − a1 = (−8) − (−5)

= − 8 + 5 = −3

Let −230 be the nth term of this A.P.

l = a + (n − 1) d

−230 = − 5 + (n − 1) (−3)

−225 = (n − 1) (−3)

(n − 1) = 75
n = 76

And

Question 3:

In an AP

(i) Given a = 5, d = 3, an = 50, find n and Sn.

(ii) Given a = 7, a13 = 35, find d and S13.

(iii) Given a12 = 37, d = 3, find a and S12.

(iv) Given a3 = 15, S10 = 125, find d and a10.

(v) Given d = 5, S9 = 75, find a and a9.

(vi) Given a = 2, d = 8, Sn = 90, find n and an.

(vii) Given a = 8, an = 62, Sn = 210, find n and d.

(viii) Given an = 4, d = 2, Sn = − 14, find n and a.

(ix) Given a = 3, n = 8, S = 192, find d.

(x)Given l = 28, S = 144 and there are total 9 terms. Find a.

Answer:

(i) Given that, a = 5, d = 3, an = 50

As an = a + (n − 1)d,

∴ 50 = 5 + (n − 1)3

45 = (n − 1)3

15 = n − 1

n = 16
(ii) Given that, a = 7, a13 = 35

As an = a + (n − 1) d,

∴ a13 = a + (13 − 1) d

35 = 7 + 12 d

35 − 7 = 12d

28 = 12d

(iii)Given that, a12 = 37, d = 3

As an = a + (n − 1)d,

a12 = a + (12 − 1)3

37 = a + 33

a=4
(iv) Given that, a3 = 15, S10 = 125

As an = a + (n − 1)d,

a3 = a + (3 − 1)d

15 = a + 2d (i)

On multiplying equation (1) by 2, we obtain

30 = 2a + 4d (iii)

On subtracting equation (iii) from (ii), we obtain

−5 = 5d

d = −1

From equation (i),

15 = a + 2(−1)

15 = a − 2

a = 17

a10 = a + (10 − 1)d

a10 = 17 + (9) (−1)

a10 = 17 − 9 = 8

(v)Given that, d = 5, S9 = 75
As ,

25 = 3(a + 20)

25 = 3a + 60

3a = 25 − 60

an = a + (n − 1)d

a9 = a + (9 − 1) (5)

(vi) Given that, a = 2, d = 8, Sn = 90

As ,

90 = n [2 + (n − 1)4]

90 = n [2 + 4n − 4]

90 = n (4n − 2) = 4n2 − 2n

4n2 − 2n − 90 = 0

4n2 − 20n + 18n − 90 = 0

4n (n − 5) + 18 (n − 5) = 0
(n − 5) (4n + 18) = 0

Either n − 5 = 0 or 4n + 18 = 0

n = 5 or

However, n can neither be negative nor fractional.

Therefore, n = 5

an = a + (n − 1)d

a5 = 2 + (5 − 1)8

= 2 + (4) (8)

= 2 + 32 = 34

(vii) Given that, a = 8, an = 62, Sn = 210

n=6

an = a + (n − 1)d

62 = 8 + (6 − 1)d

62 − 8 = 5d

54 = 5d

(viii) Given that, an = 4, d = 2, Sn = −14

an = a + (n − 1)d

4 = a + (n − 1)2

4 = a + 2n − 2
a + 2n = 6

a = 6 − 2n (i)

−28 = n (a + 4)

−28 = n (6 − 2n + 4) {From equation (i)}

−28 = n (− 2n + 10)

−28 = − 2n2 + 10n

2n2 − 10n − 28 = 0

n2 − 5n −14 = 0

n2 − 7n + 2n − 14 = 0

n (n − 7) + 2(n − 7) = 0

(n − 7) (n + 2) = 0

Either n − 7 = 0 or n + 2 = 0

n = 7 or n = −2

However, n can neither be negative nor fractional.

Therefore, n = 7

From equation (i), we obtain

a = 6 − 2n

a = 6 − 2(7)

= 6 − 14

= −8

(ix)Given that, a = 3, n = 8, S = 192

192 = 4 [6 + 7d]

48 = 6 + 7d

42 = 7d

d=6

(x)Given that, l = 28, S = 144 and there are total of 9 terms.

(16) × (2) = a + 28

32 = a + 28

a=4

Question 4:

How many terms of the AP. 9, 17, 25 … must be taken to give a sum of 636?

Answer:

Let there be n terms of this A.P.

For this A.P., a = 9

d = a2 − a1 = 17 − 9 = 8

636 = n [9 + 4n − 4]

636 = n (4n + 5)
4n2 + 5n − 636 = 0

4n2 + 53n − 48n − 636 = 0

n (4n + 53) − 12 (4n + 53) = 0

(4n + 53) (n − 12) = 0

Either 4n + 53 = 0 or n − 12 = 0

or n = 12

n cannot be . As the number of terms can neither be negative nor fractional,

therefore, n = 12 only.

Question 5:

The first term of an AP is 5, the last term is 45 and the sum is 400. Find the number of
terms and the common difference.

Answer:

Given that,

a=5

l = 45

Sn = 400

n = 16

l = a + (n − 1) d

45 = 5 + (16 − 1) d

40 = 15d
Question 6:

The first and the last term of an AP are 17 and 350 respectively. If the common
difference is 9, how many terms are there and what is their sum?

Answer:

Given that,

a = 17

l = 350

d=9

Let there be n terms in the A.P.

l = a + (n − 1) d

350 = 17 + (n − 1)9

333 = (n − 1)9

(n − 1) = 37

n = 38

Thus, this A.P. contains 38 terms and the sum of the terms of this A.P. is 6973.

Question 7:

Find the sum of first 22 terms of an AP in which d = 7 and 22nd term is 149.

Answer:

d=7

a22 = 149

S22 = ?
an = a + (n − 1)d

a22 = a + (22 − 1)d

149 = a + 21 × 7

149 = a + 147

a=2

Question 8:

Find the sum of first 51 terms of an AP whose second and third terms are 14 and 18
respectively.

Answer:

Given that,

a2 = 14

a3 = 18

d = a3 − a2 = 18 − 14 = 4

a2 = a + d

14 = a + 4

a = 10

= 5610
Question 9:

If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that of 17 terms is 289, find the sum of
first n terms.

Answer:

Given that,

S7 = 49

S17 = 289

7 = (a + 3d)

a + 3d = 7 (i)

Similarly,

17 = (a + 8d)

a + 8d = 17 (ii)

Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii),

5d = 10

d=2

From equation (i),

a + 3(2) = 7

a+6=7
a=1

= n2

Question 10:

Show that a1, a2 … , an , … form an AP where an is defined as below

(i) an = 3 + 4n

(ii) an = 9 − 5n

Also find the sum of the first 15 terms in each case.

Answer:

(i) an = 3 + 4n

a1 = 3 + 4(1) = 7

a2 = 3 + 4(2) = 3 + 8 = 11

a3 = 3 + 4(3) = 3 + 12 = 15

a4 = 3 + 4(4) = 3 + 16 = 19

It can be observed that

a2 − a1 = 11 − 7 = 4

a3 − a2 = 15 − 11 = 4

a4 − a3 = 19 − 15 = 4

i.e., ak + 1 − ak is same every time. Therefore, this is an AP with common difference as 4

and first term as 7.
= 15 × 35

= 525

(ii) an = 9 − 5n

a1 = 9 − 5 × 1 = 9 − 5 = 4

a2 = 9 − 5 × 2 = 9 − 10 = −1

a3 = 9 − 5 × 3 = 9 − 15 = −6

a4 = 9 − 5 × 4 = 9 − 20 = −11

It can be observed that.

a2 − a1 = − 1 − 4 = −5

a3 − a2 = − 6 − (−1) = −5

a4 − a3 = − 11 − (−6) = −5

i.e., ak + 1 − Ak is same every time. Therefore, this is an A.P. with common difference as
−5 and first term as 4.

= −465
Question 11:

If the sum of the first n terms of an AP is 4n − n2, what is the first term (that is S1)? What
is the sum of first two terms? What is the second term? Similarly find the 3rd, the10th and
the nth terms.

Answer:

Given that,

Sn = 4n − n2

First term, a = S1 = 4(1) − (1)2 = 4 − 1 = 3

Sum of first two terms = S2

= 4(2) − (2)2 = 8 − 4 = 4

Second term, a2 = S2 − S1 = 4 − 3 = 1

d = a2 − a = 1 − 3 = −2

an = a + (n − 1)d

= 3 + (n − 1) (−2)

= 3 − 2n + 2

= 5 − 2n

Therefore, a3 = 5 − 2(3) = 5 − 6 = −1

a10 = 5 − 2(10) = 5 − 20 = −15

Hence, the sum of first two terms is 4. The second term is 1. 3rd, 10th, and nth terms are
−1, −15, and 5 − 2n respectively.

Question 12:

Find the sum of first 40 positive integers divisible by 6.

Answer:

The positive integers that are divisible by 6 are

6, 12, 18, 24 …

It can be observed that these are making an A.P. whose first term is 6 and common
difference is 6.
a=6

d=6

S40 =?

= 20[12 + (39) (6)]

= 20(12 + 234)

= 20 × 246

= 4920

Question 13:

Find the sum of first 15 multiples of 8.

Answer:

The multiples of 8 are

8, 16, 24, 32…

These are in an A.P., having first term as 8 and common difference as 8.

Therefore, a = 8

d=8

S15 =?
= 960

Question 14:

Find the sum of the odd numbers between 0 and 50.

Answer:

The odd numbers between 0 and 50 are

1, 3, 5, 7, 9 … 49

Therefore, it can be observed that these odd numbers are in an A.P.

a=1

d=2

l = 49

l = a + (n − 1) d

49 = 1 + (n − 1)2

48 = 2(n − 1)

n − 1 = 24

n = 25
= 625

Question 15:

A contract on construction job specifies a penalty for delay of completion beyond a

certain date as follows: Rs. 200 for the first day, Rs. 250 for the second day, Rs. 300 for
the third day, etc., the penalty for each succeeding day being Rs. 50 more than for the
preceding day. How much money the contractor has to pay as penalty, if he has delayed
the work by 30 days.

Answer:

It can be observed that these penalties are in an A.P. having first term as 200 and
common difference as 50.

a = 200

d = 50

Penalty that has to be paid if he has delayed the work by 30 days = S30

= 15 [400 + 1450]

= 15 (1850)

= 27750

Therefore, the contractor has to pay Rs 27750 as penalty.

Question 16:

A sum of Rs 700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to students of a school for their
overall academic performance. If each prize is Rs 20 less than its preceding prize, find
the value of each of the prizes.

Answer:
Let the cost of 1st prize be P.

Cost of 2nd prize = P − 20

And cost of 3rd prize = P − 40

It can be observed that the cost of these prizes are in an A.P. having common difference
as −20 and first term as P.

a=P

d = −20

Given that, S7 = 700

a + 3(−20) = 100

a − 60 = 100

a = 160

Therefore, the value of each of the prizes was Rs 160, Rs 140, Rs 120, Rs 100, Rs 80, Rs
60, and Rs 40.

Question 17:

In a school, students thought of planting trees in and around the school to reduce air
pollution. It was decided that the number of trees, that each section of each class will
plant, will be the same as the class, in which they are studying, e.g., a section of class I
will plant 1 tree, a section of class II will plant 2 trees and so on till class XII. There are
three sections of each class. How many trees will be planted by the students?

Answer:

It can be observed that the number of trees planted by the students is in an AP.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5………………..12

First term, a = 1

Common difference, d = 2 − 1 = 1
= 6 (2 + 11)

= 6 (13)

= 78

Therefore, number of trees planted by 1 section of the classes = 78

Number of trees planted by 3 sections of the classes = 3 × 78 = 234

Therefore, 234 trees will be planted by the students.

Question 18:

A spiral is made up of successive semicircles, with centres alternately at A and B,

starting with centre at A of radii 0.5, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm, ……… as shown in figure.
What is the total length of such a spiral made up of thirteen consecutive

semicircles?

Answer:

Semi-perimeter of circle = πr

I1 = π(0.5)

I2 = π(1) = π cm
I3 = π(1.5) =

Therefore, I1, I2, I3 ,i.e. the lengths of the semi-circles are in an A.P.,

S13 =?

We know that the sum of n terms of an a A.P. is given by

= 143

Therefore, the length of such spiral of thirteen consecutive semi-circles will be 143 cm.

Question 19:

200 logs are stacked in the following manner: 20 logs in the bottom row, 19 in the next
row, 18 in the row next to it and so on. In how many rows are the 200 logs placed and
how many logs are in the top row?
Answer:

It can be observed that the numbers of logs in rows are in an A.P.

20, 19, 18…

For this A.P.,

a = 20

d = a2 − a1 = 19 − 20 = −1

Let a total of 200 logs be placed in n rows.

Sn = 200

400 = n (40 − n + 1)

400 = n (41 − n)

400 = 41n − n2

n2 − 41n + 400 = 0

n2 − 16n − 25n + 400 = 0

n (n − 16) −25 (n − 16) = 0

(n − 16) (n − 25) = 0

Either (n − 16) = 0 or n − 25 = 0

n = 16 or n = 25

an = a + (n − 1)d

a16 = 20 + (16 − 1) (−1)

a16 = 20 − 15

a16 = 5

Similarly,

a25 = 20 + (25 − 1) (−1)

a25 = 20 − 24

= −4

Clearly, the number of logs in 16th row is 5. However, the number of logs in 25th row is
negative, which is not possible.

Therefore, 200 logs can be placed in 16 rows and the number of logs in the 16th row is 5.

Question 20:

In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the starting point, which is 5 m from the first
potato and other potatoes are placed 3 m apart in a straight line. There are ten potatoes
in the line.

A competitor starts from the bucket, picks up the nearest potato, runs back with it, drops
it in the bucket, runs back to pick up the next potato, runs to the bucket to drop it in, and
she continues in the same way until all the potatoes are in the bucket. What is the total
distance the competitor has to run?

[Hint: to pick up the first potato and the second potato, the total distance (in metres) run
by a competitor is 2 × 5 + 2 ×(5 + 3)]

Answer:

The distances of potatoes are as follows.

5, 8, 11, 14…
It can be observed that these distances are in A.P.

a=5

d=8−5=3

= 5[10 + 9 × 3]

= 5(10 + 27) = 5(37)

= 185

As every time she has to run back to the bucket, therefore, the total distance that the
competitor has to run will be two times of it.

Therefore, total distance that the competitor will run = 2 × 185

= 370 m

Alternatively,

The distances of potatoes from the bucket are 5, 8, 11, 14…

Distance run by the competitor for collecting these potatoes are two times of the
distance at which the potatoes have been kept. Therefore, distances to be run are

10, 16, 22, 28, 34,……….

a = 10

d = 16 − 10 = 6

S10 =?

= 5[20 + 54]

= 5 (74)

= 370

Therefore, the competitor will run a total distance of 370 m.

Exercise 5.4
Question 1:

Which term of the A.P. 121, 117, 113 … is its first negative term?

[Hint: Find n for an < 0]

Answer:

Given A.P. is 121, 117, 113 …

a = 121

d = 117 − 121 = −4

an = a + (n − 1) d

= 121 + (n − 1) (−4)

= 121 − 4n + 4

= 125 − 4n

We have to find the first negative term of this A.P.

Therefore, 32nd term will be the first negative term of this A.P.

Question 2:

The sum of the third and the seventh terms of an A.P is 6 and their product is 8. Find the
sum of first sixteen terms of the A.P.

Answer:

We know that,

an = a + (n − 1) d

a3 = a + (3 − 1) d
a3 = a + 2d

Similarly, a7 = a + 6d

Given that, a3 + a7 = 6

(a + 2d) + (a + 6d) = 6

2a + 8d = 6

a + 4d = 3

a = 3 − 4d (i)

Also, it is given that (a3) × (a7) = 8

(a + 2d) × (a + 6d) = 8

From equation (i),

From equation (i),

Question 3:

A ladder has rungs 25 cm apart. (See figure). The rungs decrease uniformly in length

from 45 cm at the bottom to 25 cm at the top. If the top and bottom rungs are m
apart, what is the length of the wood required for the rungs?

[Hint: number of rungs ]

Answer:

It is given that the rungs are 25 cm apart and the top and bottom rungs are m apart.

∴ Total number of rungs

Now, as the lengths of the rungs decrease uniformly, they will be in an A.P.

The length of the wood required for the rungs equals the sum of all the terms of this A.P.

First term, a = 45

Last term, l = 25

n = 11

Therefore, the length of the wood required for the rungs is 385 cm.

Question 4:

The houses of a row are number consecutively from 1 to 49. Show that there is a value
of x such that the sum of numbers of the houses preceding the house numbered x is
equal to the sum of the number of houses following it.
Find this value of x.

[Hint Sx − 1 = S49 − Sx]

Answer:

The number of houses was

1, 2, 3 … 49

It can be observed that the number of houses are in an A.P. having a as 1 and d also as
1.

Let us assume that the number of xth house was like this.

We know that,

Sum of n terms in an A.P.

Sum of number of houses preceding xth house = Sx − 1

Sum of number of houses following xth house = S49 − Sx

It is given that these sums are equal to each other.

However, the house numbers are positive integers.

The value of x will be 35 only.

Therefore, house number 35 is such that the sum of the numbers of houses preceding
the house numbered 35 is equal to the sum of the numbers of the houses following it.

Question 5:

A small terrace at a football ground comprises of 15 steps each of which is 50 m long

and built of solid concrete.

Each step has a rise of m and a tread of m (See figure) calculate the total volume
of concrete required to build the terrace.

Answer:
From the figure, it can be observed that

1st step is m wide,

2nd step is 1 m wide,

3rd step is m wide.

Therefore, the width of each step is increasing by m each time whereas their

height m and length 50 m remains the same.

Therefore, the widths of these steps are

Volume of concrete in 1st step

Volume of concrete in 2nd step

Volume of concrete in 3rd step

It can be observed that the volumes of concrete in these steps are in an A.P.
Volume of concrete required to build the terrace is 750 m3.

Question 1:

Which term of the A.P. 121, 117, 113 … is its first negative term?

[Hint: Find n for an < 0]

Answer:

Given A.P. is 121, 117, 113 …

a = 121

d = 117 − 121 = −4

an = a + (n − 1) d

= 121 + (n − 1) (−4)

= 121 − 4n + 4

= 125 − 4n

We have to find the first negative term of this A.P.

Therefore, 32nd term will be the first negative term of this A.P.

Question 2:

The sum of the third and the seventh terms of an A.P is 6 and their product is 8. Find the
sum of first sixteen terms of the A.P.

Answer:

We know that,

an = a + (n − 1) d

a3 = a + (3 − 1) d

a3 = a + 2d

Similarly, a7 = a + 6d

Given that, a3 + a7 = 6

(a + 2d) + (a + 6d) = 6

2a + 8d = 6

a + 4d = 3

a = 3 − 4d (i)

Also, it is given that (a3) × (a7) = 8

(a + 2d) × (a + 6d) = 8

From equation (i),

From equation (i),
Question 3:

A ladder has rungs 25 cm apart. (See figure). The rungs decrease uniformly in length

from 45 cm at the bottom to 25 cm at the top. If the top and bottom rungs are m
apart, what is the length of the wood required for the rungs?

[Hint: number of rungs ]

Answer:

It is given that the rungs are 25 cm apart and the top and bottom rungs are m apart.

∴ Total number of rungs

Now, as the lengths of the rungs decrease uniformly, they will be in an A.P.

The length of the wood required for the rungs equals the sum of all the terms of this A.P.

First term, a = 45

Last term, l = 25

n = 11

Therefore, the length of the wood required for the rungs is 385 cm.

Question 4:

The houses of a row are number consecutively from 1 to 49. Show that there is a value
of x such that the sum of numbers of the houses preceding the house numbered x is
equal to the sum of the number of houses following it.

Find this value of x.

[Hint Sx − 1 = S49 − Sx]

Answer:

The number of houses was.

1, 2, 3 … 49

It can be observed that the number of houses are in an A.P. having a as 1 and d also as
1.

Let us assume that the number of xth house was like this.

We know that,

Sum of n terms in an A.P.

Sum of number of houses preceding xth house = Sx − 1

Sum of number of houses following xth house = S49 − Sx

It is given that these sums are equal to each other.

However, the house numbers are positive integers.

The value of x will be 35 only.

Therefore, house number 35 is such that the sum of the numbers of houses preceding
the house numbered 35 is equal to the sum of the numbers of the houses following it.

Question 5:

A small terrace at a football ground comprises of 15 steps each of which is 50 m long

and built of solid concrete.

Each step has a rise of m and a tread of m (See figure) calculates the total volume
of concrete required to build the terrace.
Answer:

From the figure, it can be observed that

1st step is m wide,

2nd step is 1 m wide,

3rd step is m wide.

Therefore, the width of each step is increasing by m each time whereas their

height m and length 50 m remains the same.

Therefore, the widths of these steps are

Volume of concrete in 1st step

Volume of concrete in 2nd step

Volume of concrete in 3rd step

It can be observed that the volumes of concrete in these steps are in an A.P.

Volume of concrete required to build the terrace is 750 m3.

Page 1
Class 10th Mathematics

05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
MIND MAP
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