11/1/23, 9:34 PM Assignment 2.

1 - Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023 | WebAssign

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Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023

INSTRUCTOR
Assignment 2.1 (Homework) Mohammed Al Horani
THE UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN-Amman

Current Score Due Date

QUESTION 1 2 3 4 TUE, NOV 7, 2023

11:59 PM GMT+3

Request Extension

Assignment Submission & Scoring

Assignment Submission
For this assignment, you submit answers by questions. You are required to use a new randomization after every 1 question
submissions.
Assignment Scoring
Your best submission for each question part is used for your score.

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11/1/23, 9:34 PM Assignment 2.1 - Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023 | WebAssign

1. DETAILS ROSBIOSTAT8 2.E.001-007.S. 2/3 Submissions Used MY NOTES ASK YOUR TEACHER

Infectious Disease

The data in the given dataset are a sample from a larger data set collected on people discharged from a selected Pennsylvania
hospital as part of a retrospective chart review of antibiotic usage in hospitals.

Data Table

Duration First First WBC

Received
of Temperature (✕ 1,000) Received
Id Age Sex Bacterial Service
Hospital Following Following Antibiotic
Culture
Stay Admission Admission

1 4 30 2 99 8 No No med

2 11 73 2 98 5 No Yes med

3 7 40 2 99 12 No No surg

4 12 47 2 98.2 4 No No surg

5 6 25 2 98.5 11 No No surg

6 15 82 1 96.8 6 Yes No surg

7 29 60 1 99.5 8 Yes Yes med

8 10 56 2 98.6 7 No No med

9 16 43 2 98 7 No No med

10 2 50 1 98 12 No Yes surg

11 8 59 2 97.6 7 No Yes med

12 4 4 1 97.8 3 No No surg

13 7 22 2 99.5 11 Yes No surg

14 7 33 2 98.4 14 Yes Yes surg

15 6 20 2 98.4 11 No Yes surg

16 6 32 1 99 9 No No surg

17 6 36 1 99.2 6 Yes No surg

18 3 69 1 98 6 No No surg

19 2 47 1 97 5 Yes No med

20 6 22 1 98.2 6 No No surg

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11/1/23, 9:34 PM Assignment 2.1 - Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023 | WebAssign

21 8 11 1 98.2 10 No No surg

22 12 19 1 98.6 14 Yes No surg

23 10 67 2 97.6 4 No No med

24 10 43 2 98.6 5 No No surg

25 3 41 2 98 5 No No med

(a) Compute the mean duration of hospitalization (in days) for the 25 patients.
8.40 days

Compute the median duration of hospitalization (in days) for the 25 patients.
7.00 days

(b) Compute the standard deviation for the duration of hospitalization (in days) for the 25 patients. (Round your answer to four
decimal places.)

5.70 ! days

Compute the range for the duration of hospitalization (in days) for the 25 patients.
27.00 days

(c) It is of clinical interest to know if the duration of hospitalization is affected by whether a patient has received antibiotics.
Answer this question descriptively using numeric methods. (Enter your answers in days. Round your answers to four decimal
places.)

For patients who received antibiotics, the mean duration of hospitalization was 11.1400 ! days. For patients who did not
receive antibiotics, the mean duration of hospitalization was 7.3330 ! days. However, there appears to be an outlier in the
group of patients who received antibiotics. After removing the outlier, the mean duration of hospitalization for this group is
8.1700 ! days, so the mean durations of the two groups appear much closer once the outlier is removed .

Suppose the scale for a data set is changed by multiplying each observation by a positive constant.

(d) What is the effect on the median? (Use c for the constant and med for the old median.)
new median =
$$cmed

(e) What is the effect on the mode? (Use c for the constant and m for the old mode.)
new mode =
$$cm

(f) What is the effect on the geometric mean? (Use c for the constant and g for the old geometric mean.)
new geometric mean =
$$cg

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11/1/23, 9:34 PM Assignment 2.1 - Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023 | WebAssign
(g) What is the effect on the range? (Use c for the constant and r for the old range.)
new range =
$$cr

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11/1/23, 9:34 PM Assignment 2.1 - Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023 | WebAssign

Health Promotion

A man runs 1 mile approximately once per weekend. He records his time over an 18-week period. The individual times and
summary statistics are given in the following table.

One mile running time for

an individual, over 18
weeks

Week Time (min)(x i)

1 12.80

2 12.19

3 12.27

4 12.17

5 11.52

6 12.48

7 12.28

8 12.07

9 11.71

10 11.56

11 11.74

12 12.66

13 11.91

14 11.65

15 11.78

16 12.31

17 12.53

18 11.82

(a) What is the mean 1 mile running time (in min) over 18 weeks? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
12.072 min

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11/1/23, 9:34 PM Assignment 2.1 - Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023 | WebAssign
(b) What is standard deviation of the 1 mile running time (in min) over 18 weeks? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
0.438 min

Suppose we construct a new variable called time_100 = 100 ✕ time (e.g., for week 1, time_100 = 1,280).

(c) What is the mean (in min) of time_100? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
1207.20 min

What is the standard deviation (in min) of time_100? (Round your answer to one decimal place.)
43.8 min

(d) Construct a stem and leaf plot of time_100 using the first 3 most significant digits for the stem and the least significant digit
for the leaf. So, for week 1, time_100 = 1,280 which has a stem = 128 and a leaf = 0. (Enter numbers from smallest to
largest separated by spaces. Enter NONE for stems with no values.)

stem leaf

115 (No Response)

116 (No Response)

117 (No Response)

118 (No Response)

119 (No Response)

120 (No Response)

121 (No Response)

122 (No Response)

123 (No Response)

124 (No Response)

125 (No Response)

126 (No Response)

127 (No Response)

128 (No Response)

(e) Suppose the man does not run for 6 months over the winter due to snow on the ground. He resumes running once a week in
the spring and records a running time = 12.98 minutes in his first week of running in the spring.

ls this an outlying value relative to the distribution of running times recorded the previous year in the given table? Why or
why not? (Hint: Construct a box plot based on the data in the table, and assess whether this new point is an outlier based on
Definition 2.11.)

Since 12.98 is less than upper quartile + 1.5 ✕ (upper quartile − lower quartile) , it is not an outlying value relative to the
distribution of running times recorded the previous year.

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11/1/23, 9:34 PM Assignment 2.1 - Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023 | WebAssign

Cardiovascular Disease

The data given below are a sample of cholesterol levels taken from 24 hospital employees who were on a standard American diet
and who agreed to adopt a vegetarian diet for 1 month. Serum-cholesterol measurements were made before adopting the diet and
1 month after.

Data Table

Subject Before After Difference (Before - After)

1 195 147 48

2 145 154 −9

3 205 177 28

4 159 147 12

5 244 209 35

6 166 148 18

7 250 203 47

8 236 216 20

9 192 185 7

10 224 207 17

11 238 207 31

12 197 168 29

13 169 181 −12

14 158 128 30

15 151 150 1

16 197 179 18

17 180 160 20

18 222 186 36

19 168 177 −9

20 168 146 22

21 167 153 14

22 161 154 7

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11/1/23, 9:34 PM Assignment 2.1 - Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023 | WebAssign

23 178 138 40

24 137 124 13

(a) Compute the mean change in cholesterol. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
19.2900
See the rounding prompt for how many decimal places are needed.

(b) Compute the standard deviation of the change in cholesterol levels. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
16.5800
See the rounding prompt for how many decimal places are needed.

(c) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot of the cholesterol changes. (Enter numbers from smallest to largest separated by spaces.
Enter NONE for stems with no values.)

stem leaf

+4 (No Response)

+3 (No Response)

+2 (No Response)

+1 (No Response)

+0 (No Response)

−0 (No Response)

−1 (No Response)

(d) Compute the median change in cholesterol.

19.00

(e) Construct a box plot of the cholesterol changes to the right of the stem-and-leaf plot.

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11/1/23, 9:34 PM Assignment 2.1 - Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023 | WebAssign

ℹ ℹ ℹ

(f) Some investigators believe that the effects of diet on cholesterol are more evident in people with high rather than low
cholesterol levels. If you split the data in the table according to whether baseline cholesterol is above or below the median,
can you comment descriptively on this issue? (Round your answers to four decimal places.)

The average difference among individuals with a baseline cholesterol below the median is 6.4200 . The average difference
among individuals with a baseline cholesterol above the median is 32.1700 . We can see that, on average, individuals in the
study with high baseline cholesterol levels experienced a greater change in cholesterol levels than individuals in the study
with low baseline cholesterol levels.

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11/1/23, 9:34 PM Assignment 2.1 - Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023 | WebAssign

Hypertension

In an experiment that examined the effect of body position on blood pressure, 32 participants had their blood pressures measured
while lying down with their arms at their sides and again standing with their arms supported at heart level.† The data are given in
the following table.

Blood Pressure Data

Effect of position on blood pressure

Blood pressure (mm Hg)

Participant
Recumbent, arm at side Standing, arm at heart level

B.R.A. 98 a 70 b 104 a 78 b

J. A. B. 125 73 123 77

F. L. B. 109 71 101 67

V. P. B. 121 67 113 73

M. F. B. 105 65 97 63

E. H. B. 107 59 95 57

G. C. 115 69 107 69

M. M. C. 105 75 105 77

T. J. F. 119 81 119 89

R. R. F. 93 59 87 59

C. R. F. 109 77 101 79

E. W. G. 137 81 123 77

T. F. H. 121 71 117 83

E. J. H. 143 87 137 89

H. B. H. 119 59 93 59

R. T. K. 135 77 127 67

W. E. L. 117 73 109 67

R. L. L. 127 77 113 75

H. S. M. 109 77 95 69

V. J. M. 135 87 143 89

R. H. P. 111 77 99 65

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11/1/23, 9:34 PM Assignment 2.1 - Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023 | WebAssign

R. C. R. 119 75 105 69

J. A. R. 107 75 95 73

A. K. R. 131 91 127 87

T. H. S. 101 67 95 63

O. E. S. 119 71 103 67

R. E. S. 115 77 89 61

E. C. T. 117 79 101 83

J. H. T. 109 75 95 69

F. P. V. 121 71 119 79

P. F. W. 107 61 93 57

W. J. W. 147 91 139 93

(a) Compute the arithmetic mean and median for the difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, taken in
different positions (recumbent minus standing). (Round your means to two decimal places.)

systolic (mm Hg) diastolic (mm Hg)

arithmetic mean 8.88 1.13

median 8.00 2.00

(b) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot for the difference scores for systolic blood pressure. (Enter numbers from smallest to largest
separated by spaces. Enter NONE for stems with no values.)

stem leaf

+2 (No Response)

+1 (No Response)

+0 (No Response)

−0 (No Response)

Construct a stem-and-leaf plot for the difference scores for diastolic blood pressure. (Enter numbers from smallest to largest
separated by spaces. Enter NONE for stems with no values.)

stem leaf

+1 (No Response)

+0 (No Response)

−0 (No Response)

−1 (No Response)

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11/1/23, 9:34 PM Assignment 2.1 - Biostatistics 0301132Fall2023, section 54, Fall 2023 | WebAssign
Construct a box plot for the difference scores for systolic blood pressure.

ℹ ℹ ℹ

Construct a box plot for the difference scores for diastolic blood pressure.

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ℹ ℹ ℹ

(c) Based on your answers in parts (a) and (b), comment on the effect of body position on the levels of systolic and diastolic
blood pressure.

Systolic blood pressure seems to be much higher lying down than standing . Diastolic blood pressure seems to be
about the same in the two positions . The distributions are both reasonably symmetric .

(d) Orthostatic hypertension is sometimes defined based on an unusual change in blood pressure after changing position.
Suppose we define a normal range for change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) based on change in SBP from the recumbent
to the standing position in the table that is between the upper and lower decile. What should the normal range be (in mm
Hg)?

6 mm Hg ≤ x ≤ 16 mm Hg

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