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How to Compile and Install Linux Kernel v4.5

Source On a Debian / Ubuntu Linux
by VIVEK GITE on SEPTEMBER 11, 2015 last updated MARCH 21, 2016
in DEBIAN / UBUNTU , LINUX, PACKAGE MANAGEMENT , UBUNTU LINUX

H ow do I download, compile and install the latest version of the

Linux kernel on a Debian Linux v8.x or Ubuntu Linux LTS home
server or my laptop? How do I build and install a custom Linux kernel on
a Debian or Ubuntu Linux based system?

In order to create a custom kernel configuration file and build a custom kernel, the
full Linux kernel source tree must first be downloaded and installed. The latest
Linux kernel stable version is 4.5. In this tutorial, you will learn how to compile
the Linux kernel version 4.5 on a Debian and Ubuntu Linux operating system
and build .deb file.

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Why build a custom kernel?

Compiling a custom Linux kernel has its advantages and disadvantages. To

change the kernel’s behavior, one had to compile and then reboot into a new
Linux. Most of the functionality in the Linux kernel contained in modules that can
be dynamically loaded and unloaded from the kernel as necessary. Some benefits
of a custom Linux kernel:

1. Support a wide range of hardware including the latest hardware.

2. Remove unwanted drivers from the kernel.
3. Faster boot time due to small kernel size.
4. Increased security due to additional or removed modules/drivers/features.
5. You will learn about the kernel and advanced usage.
6. Always run the cutting edge latest kernel.
7. Lower memory usage.

Note: The following instructions were tested on both Debian Linux v8.x and
Ubuntu Linux v14.04.4 LTS.

Prerequisites

You need to install the following packages on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux to

compiler the Linux kernel:

git : Fast, scalable, distributed revision control system. You can grab the
latest source code using the git command.
fakeroot : Tool for simulating superuser privileges. Useful to build .deb files.
build-essential : Tools for building the Linux kernel such as GCC compiler
and related tools on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux based system.
ncurses-dev : Developer’s libraries for ncurses. This is used by menuconfig
while configuring the kernel options.
kernel-package : Utility for building Linux kernel related Debian packages.
xz-utils : XZ-format compression utilities to decompress the Linux kernel tar
ball.

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Disk space : 10 GB or more free disk space.

Time : Kernel compilation may take quite a while, depending on the power of
your machine.

Install required packages

Open the terminal application. Type the following apt-get command to install the
required packages for building the Linux kernel:

$ sudo apt-get install git fakeroot build-essential

ncurses-dev xz-utils libssl-dev bc

Sample outputs:

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Fig.01: Install gcc and friends

Finally, install the kernel-package package too:

$ sudo apt-get install kernel-package

OR

$ sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install kernel-

package

Sample outputs:

Fig.02: Install utility for building Linux kernel

Download the Linux kernel source code

Type the following wget command:

$ wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel
/v4.x/linux-4.5.tar.xz

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Sample outputs:

Fig.03: Use the wget to grab the latest source code from kernel.org

Use GnuPG to verify kernel signatures:

$ unxz linux-4.5.tar.xz
$ gpg --verify linux-4.5.tar.sign

Sample outputs:

gpg: assuming signed data in `linux-4.5.tar'

gpg: Signature made Mon 14 Mar 2016 04:35:48 AM UTC using RSA key ID
gpg: Can't check signature: public key not found

Get the public key from the PGP keyserver in order to verify the signature i.e.
RSA key ID 00411886 (from the above outputs):

$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys

00411886

Sample outputs:

gpg: requesting key 00411886 from hkp server keys.gnupg.net

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gpg: /root/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created

gpg: key 00411886: public key "Linus Torvalds " imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)

Now verify again:

$ gpg --verify linux-4.5.tar.sign

Sample outputs:

gpg: assuming signed data in `linux-4.5.tar'

gpg: Signature made Mon 14 Mar 2016 04:35:48 AM UTC using RSA key ID 00
gpg: Good signature from "Linus Torvalds "
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the
Primary key fingerprint: ABAF 11C6 5A29 70B1 30AB E3C4 79BE 3E43 0041

If you do not “BAD signature” output from “gpg --verify” command, untar the
Linux kernel tar ball using the tar command enter:

$ tar xvf linux-4.5.tar

$ ls
$ cd linux-4.5
$ ls

Sample outputs

linux-4.5/
linux-4.5/.get_maintainer.ignore
linux-4.5/.gitignore
linux-4.5/.mailmap

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linux-4.5/COPYING
linux-4.5/CREDITS
linux-4.5/Documentation/
linux-4.5/Documentation/00-INDEX
linux-4.5/Documentation/ABI/
linux-4.5/Documentation/ABI/README
linux-4.5/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/
linux-4.5/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/proc-sys-vm-nr_pdflush_threads
....
...
linux-4.5/virt/kvm/async_pf.h
linux-4.5/virt/kvm/coalesced_mmio.c
linux-4.5/virt/kvm/coalesced_mmio.h
linux-4.5/virt/kvm/eventfd.c
linux-4.5/virt/kvm/irqchip.c
linux-4.5/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
linux-4.5/virt/kvm/vfio.c
linux-4.5/virt/kvm/vfio.h
linux-4.5/virt/lib/
linux-4.5/virt/lib/Kconfig
linux-4.5/virt/lib/Makefile
linux-4.5/virt/lib/irqbypass.c

linux-4.5

arch crypto include kernel net security

block Documentation init lib README sound
certs drivers ipc MAINTAINERS REPORTING-BUGS tools
COPYING firmware Kbuild Makefile samples usr
CREDITS fs Kconfig mm scripts virt

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Configure the Linux kernel

First, copy your existing Linux kernel config file

$ cd linux-4.5
$ cp /boot/config-$(uname -r) .config

To configure the kernel, run:

$ make menuconfig

Sample outputs:

Fig.04: Starting menuconfig

Fig.05: Select Linux kernel config

options and drivers to build

Gallery 01: Click to enlarge

WARNING: It is easy to remove support for a device driver or option and end
up with a broken kernel. For example, if the ext4 driver is removed from the

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kernel configuration file, a system may not boot. When in doubt, just leave
support in the kernel.

Make sure you save the changes before exit from menuconfig.

Compile the Linux kernel

You need to clean the source tree and reset the kernel-package parameters, type:

$ make-kpkg clean

Sample outputs:

Fig.06: Run make-kpkg command

Now, you can compile the kernel, run:

$ fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd --revision=1.0.NAS

kernel_image kernel_headers

To speed up the compile process pass the -j option (-j 16 means you are using
all 16 cores to compile the Linux kernel):

$ fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd --revision=1.0.NAS

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kernel_image kernel_headers -j 16

Sample outputs:

Fig.07: Start compiling the kernel

The fakeroot runs a command called make-kpkg in an environment wherein it

appears to have root privileges for file manipulation. This is useful for allowing
users to create archives (tar, ar, .deb etc.) with files in them with root
permissions/ownership. The make-kpkg command build Debian/Ubuntu kernel
packages from Linux kernel sources and options are:

--initrd : Create an initrd image.

--revision=1.0.NAS : Set custom revision for your kernel such as
1.0.NAS or -1.0-custom-kernel etc.
kernel_image : This target produces a Debian package of the Linux kernel
source image, and any modules configured in the kernel configuration file
.config.
kernel_headers : This target produces a Debian package of the Linux
kernel header image.

Please note that kernel compilation may take quite a while, depending on the
power of your machine. On my shared 4 CORE CPU and 4GB ram it took 60

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mins to build the Linux kernel. In the end you should see something as follows on
screen:

test ! -e debian/control~ || rm -f debian/control~

dpkg-gencontrol -isp -DArchitecture=amd64 -plinux-headers-4.5.0 \
-P/root/linux-4.5/debian/linu
dpkg-gencontrol: warning: -isp is deprecated; it is without effect
create_md5sums_fn () { cd $1 ; find . -type f ! -regex './DEBIAN/.*' !
chown -R root:root /root/linux-4.5/debian/linux-header
chmod -R og=rX /root/linux-4.5/debian/linux-header
dpkg --build /root/linux-4.5/debian/linux-header
dpkg-deb: building package `linux-headers-4.5.0' in `../linux-headers-4
cp -pf debian/control.dist debian/control
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/linux-4.5'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/linux-4.5'

Verify kernel deb files:

$ ls ../*.deb
../linux-headers-4.5.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb ../linux-image-4.5.0_1.0.NAS

Installing a custom kernel

Type the following dpkg command to install a custom kernel on your system:

$ sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-4.5.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb

$ sudo dpkg -i linux-image-4.5.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb

Sample outputs:

Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-4.5.0.

(Reading database ... 251501 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack linux-image-4.5.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb ...
Examining /etc/kernel/preinst.d/

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Done.
Unpacking linux-image-4.5.0 (1.0.NAS) ...
Setting up linux-image-4.5.0 (1.0.NAS) ...

Hmm. There is a symbolic link /lib/modules/4.5.0/build

However, I can not read it: No such file or directory
Therefore, I am deleting /lib/modules/4.5.0/build

Hmm. The package shipped with a symbolic link /lib/modules/4.5.0/source

However, I can not read the target: No such file or directory
Therefore, I am deleting /lib/modules/4.5.0/source

Running depmod.
Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.5.0 /boot/vmlinuz-4.5.0
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 4.5.0 /boot/vmlinuz-4.5.0
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.5.0 /boot/vmlinuz-4.5.0
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.5.0
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.5.0 /boot/vmlinuz-4.5.0
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.5.0
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.5.0
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.4
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.4
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.2
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.2
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.3.0
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.3.0
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.2.5
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.2.5
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.2.0
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.2.0
done

Reboot the box/server/laptop

Type the following command:

$ reboot

OR

$ shutdown -r now

Verify that everything is working

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Type the following command to verify your new kernel and everything is working
fine:

$ uname -a
$ uname -r
$ uname -mrs
$ dmesg | more
$ dmesg | egrep -i --color 'error|critical|failed'

Sample outputs:

Linux nas02.nixcraft.net.in 4.5.0 #1 SMP Mon Mar 21 05:25:25 UTC 2016 x

And, there you have it, the Linux kernel version 4.4.4 installed and working
correctly.

See also

The Linux kernel project site.

Man pages – apt-get(8), make-kpkg(1), fakeroot(1)

Sysadmin because even developers need heroes!!!

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Share this tutorial on:

Twitter Facebook Google+ Download PDF version Found an error/typo on this page?

About the author: Vivek Gite is a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux/Unix
& shell scripting. Follow him on Twitter. OR read more like this:

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HowTo: Ubuntu Linux Install Kernel Source Code And Headers

Howto: Upgrade Linux Kernel

How do I upgrade the kernel in Linux without compiling from source code?

Redhat enterprise Linux / CentOS installing kernel source code

Steps for compiling Linux kernel on SMP Itanium IA64 system

You need to have the Linux kernel source installed for this driver

Debian / Ubuntu Linux Install Kernel Headers Package

How to: Linux delete or remove kernel

Fedora Linux Install Linux Kernel Headers And Developer Files

{ 46 comments… add one }

AppleFanBoy September 13, 2015, 8:37 pm

New kernels will automatically come with newer updates/distro, but the
learning experience of compiling kernel is priceless.

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REPLY LINK

Richard September 15, 2015, 4:07 am

Thanks for the tutorial… Took a couple of hours to build on my machine.

But it worked. Well sort of. I get missing or strange characters in text. Doesn’t
matter if an icon label, in a terminal, LibreOffice, Firefox, etc. I went back to
original kernel and all is well again. Using LUbuntu 3.19 kernel 64 bit.

REPLY LINK

kxmx September 16, 2015, 8:18 am

Is there any difference between “raw” kernel and “ubuntu” kernel?

Ubuntu compilated kernel 4.2 is marked like unstable, but kernel.org says 4.2 is
stable. What does it mean?

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Vivek Gite September 16, 2015, 8:45 am

4.2 is stable. Ubuntu built packages are behind the schedule and
most likely built when 4.2 was in beta. Also, some propitiatory NVIDIA/ATI &
others driver may not work on the latest version 4.2. YMMV.

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cage September 22, 2015, 9:24 am

Hi Vivik,

Thanks for the tutorial. I followed the same steps you mentioned but I found one
file ( abi ) is missing on my macbook (parallels + ubuntu 14.04) , here is /boot
folder. Do you know which step is wrong ?

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parallels@ubuntu:/boot$ ls -al
total 115040
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 22 16:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 Sep 21 19:25 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1158016 May 3 2014 abi-3.13.0-24-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1162712 Aug 14 2014 abi-3.13.0-34-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1165204 Aug 15 07:07 abi-3.13.0-63-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 165510 May 3 2014 config-3.13.0-24-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 165611 Aug 14 2014 config-3.13.0-34-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 165763 Aug 15 07:07 config-3.13.0-63-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 182704 Sep 22 16:35 config-4.2.0-hell-kernel
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 182704 Sep 22 15:23 config-4.2.0-hell-kernel.o
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Sep 22 16:42 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19096859 Aug 18 2014 initrd.img-3.13.0-24-gener
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19145542 Sep 8 10:29 initrd.img-3.13.0-34-gener
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19219306 Sep 18 00:24 initrd.img-3.13.0-63-gener
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18069958 Sep 22 16:42 initrd.img-4.2.0-hell-kern
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176500 Mar 12 2014 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178176 Mar 12 2014 memtest86+.elf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178680 Mar 12 2014 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw------- 1 root root 3372643 May 3 2014 System.map-3.13.0-24-gener
-rw------- 1 root root 3381262 Aug 14 2014 System.map-3.13.0-34-gener
-rw------- 1 root root 3392068 Aug 15 07:07 System.map-3.13.0-63-gener
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3663717 Sep 22 16:35 System.map-4.2.0-hell-kern
-rw------- 1 root root 5776416 May 3 2014 vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 5797728 Aug 14 2014 vmlinuz-3.13.0-34-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 5821152 Aug 15 07:07 vmlinuz-3.13.0-63-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6118160 Sep 22 16:35 vmlinuz-4.2.0-hell-kernel

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Walt September 23, 2015, 2:49 pm

If you want to only compile the loaded modules with the current kernel

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use ‘make localmodconfig’. This will make the compile time shorter and include all
of the currently loaded modules of you current kernel.

REPLY LINK

M October 8, 2015, 1:11 pm

Great information.

Thanks!

REPLY LINK

Luigi November 12, 2015, 10:09 am

What does this——> ubuntu@mate:~$ dmesg | egrep -i –color

‘error|critical|failed’
[ 4.718735] systemd[1]: Failed to insert module ‘kdbus’: Function not implemented
[ 9.308305] EXT4-fs (sdc1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
[ 22.411061] vboxdrv: module verification failed: signature and/or required key
missing – tainting kernel <——————mean?

REPLY LINK

Andy December 31, 2015, 4:00 pm

Try adding -j for a significant speed increase:

i.e.

fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd --revision=1.0.NAS -j 16

This sped up the process to about 10 minutes on my 8 core system. By default

only a single core is used.

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REPLY LINK

frank paulsen January 11, 2016, 12:04 pm

newer kernels directly support “make deb-pkg” instead of

using”make-kpkg”

REPLY LINK

wayno January 12, 2016, 10:58 am

great tute, though with the unpacking “Installing custom kernel” .deb
part, had to do image first then headers.. naturally.. thanx…

REPLY LINK

Green January 17, 2016, 11:50 am

I have problem after :

“fakeroot make-kpkg –initrd –revision=1.0.NAS kernel_image kernel_headers”

it’s showing:
“scripts/sign-file.c:23:30: fatal error: openssl/opensslv.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
scripts/Makefile.host:91: recipe for target ‘scripts/sign-file’ failed
make[2]: *** [scripts/sign-file] Error 1
Makefile:545: recipe for target ‘scripts’ failed
make[1]: *** [scripts] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory ‘/home/x/linux-4.4’
debian/ruleset/targets/common.mk:295: recipe for target ‘debian/stamp/build
/kernel’ failed
make: *** [debian/stamp/build/kernel] Error 2”

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What I’m doing wrong?

Thanks for help

REPLY LINK

Vivek Gite January 17, 2016, 12:13 pm

Did you installed build-essential package? openssl.h means you

need to install libssl-dev? Try

sudo apt-get install libssl-dev build-essential

ncurses-dev xz-utils kernel-package

Edited by Vivek Gite. Reason: typo.

REPLY LINK

Green January 17, 2016, 1:03 pm

Reading package lists… Done

Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
E: Unable to locate package curses-dev

REPLY LINK

Vivek Gite January 17, 2016, 2:20 pm

My bad. It should be ncurses-dev .

REPLY LINK

Green January 18, 2016, 9:34 am

Thanks for help

After I type :

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ls ../*.deb

it’ showing on red :

../linux-headers-4.4.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb
../linux-image-4.4.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb

sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-4.4.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb:

dpkg: error processing archive linux-headers-
4.4.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb (–install):
cannot access archive: No such file or directory
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-headers-4.4.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb

REPLY LINK

Vivek Gite January 18, 2016, 7:19 pm

cd to .. and try:

sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-

4.4.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux-image-
4.4.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb

OR

sudo dpkg -i ../linux-headers-

4.4.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i ../linux-image-
4.4.0_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb

REPLY LINK

Green January 19, 2016, 9:34 am

I have enough :) I tried to run ubuntu on Yoga

900 – Wifi / touchscreen and track-pad doesn’t work.
I manage to run Wifi but with rest I have huge problem

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(nothing works).

Anyway BIG BIG thanks for help and all replies.

REPLY LINK

lange June 30, 2016, 12:14 am

you need to compile the linux-image, and after

the linux-header

REPLY LINK

Mikel March 21, 2016, 12:35 pm

Thaks so much Vivek Gite, worked for me!

REPLY LINK

Alex January 18, 2016, 4:22 pm

Your article needs updating. All of the required packages do not exist in
the cache. If someone comes to this site hoping for a guide to properly compiling
and installing a new Linux kernel – not having the packages prior to coming here
– they will spend quite some time trying to track down a fistful of packages that no
longer exist, have been updated and/or replaced.

Please fix this ASAP. Thanks. :)

REPLY LINK

Vivek Gite January 18, 2016, 6:26 pm

Can you provide your Linux distro name and other info like what
packages are missing? I tested this on Debian 8 and Ubuntu Linux 14.04.3
LTS only. Everything worked perfectly.

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REPLY LINK

Alex January 18, 2016, 8:09 pm

Debian 8.1

Checked /etc/apt/sources.list all required sources are in place. Searching

apt-cache returns no entries for any of the listed packages.

REPLY LINK

Jur January 19, 2016, 8:59 am

user@PLUS:~$ dmesg | egrep -i --color

'error|critical|failed'
[ 7.474368] systemd[1]: Cannot add dependency job for
unit display-manager.service, ignoring: Unit display-
manager.service failed to load: No such file or
directory.
[ 7.474377] systemd[1]: Cannot add dependency job for
unit display-manager.service, ignoring: Unit display-
manager.service failed to load: No such file or
directory.
[ 10.513727] EXT4-fs (sda7): re-mounted. Opts:
errors=remount-ro
user@PLUS:~$

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IT GUY January 19, 2016, 11:20 am

Much easier way to compile your kernel:

linux-kernel-utilities

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TheRiddick July 2, 2016, 2:38 pm

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Thanks for the thought but your install script causes dkms errors
due to elaborate versioning. I get some extremely long build and version
numbers which makes it useless. You need to allow for the user to enter
EXPLICIT kernel versions and not do some crazy automate based on
date/time etc……

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TheRiddick July 2, 2016, 2:40 pm

I would suggest a prompt that shows the user WHAT you will be
calling the kernel version and deb files, and allow the user to modify it at this
point.

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alimp5 January 28, 2016, 1:02 pm

tnx a lot:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

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Luigi February 7, 2016, 4:36 am

After I select Linux kernel config options and drivers to build and I click
on save and then exit, it says to “make” in the terminal but your tutorial says that I
should “make-kpkg clean” so which one should I do first after I save and exit the
menuconfig?

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Luigi February 7, 2016, 4:40 am

End of the configuration.

*** Execute ‘make’ to start the build or try ‘make help’. is what it says so what

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should I do next?

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nir February 18, 2016, 9:02 pm

this is my output anyone can help me?

root@debian:/home/habernir/linux-4.1.18# dpkg -i linux-headers-

4.1.18_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb
(Reading database … 214910 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack linux-headers-4.1.18_1.0.NAS_amd64.deb …
Unpacking linux-headers-4.1.18 (1.0.NAS) over (1.0.NAS) …
Setting up linux-headers-4.1.18 (1.0.NAS) …
Examining /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms 4.1.18 /boot/vmlinuz-
4.1.18
Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 4.1.18 cannot be found.
Please install the linux-headers-4.1.18 package,
or use the –kernelsourcedir option to tell DKMS where it’s located
root@debian:/home/habernir/linux-4.1.18#

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nir February 18, 2016, 9:16 pm

amd debian 8.3 was installed in uefi

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Mohan March 15, 2016, 3:50 am

Hi I am trying to build linux-socfpga-3.10-ltsi kernel from rocketboards

and facing the following error. Please help:

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make[4]: *** No rule to make target `drivers/acpi/acpica/uteval.o’, needed by

`drivers/acpi/acpica/acpi.o’. Stop.
make[3]: *** [drivers/acpi/acpica] Error 2
make[2]: *** [drivers/acpi] Error 2
make[1]: *** [drivers] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mohanubuntu/Mohan/linux-socfpga-socfpga-
3.10-ltsi’
make: *** [debian/stamp/build/kernel] Error 2

REPLY LINK

Dawei Li March 15, 2016, 4:22 am

I ran into error when executing the following command:

$ fakeroot make-kpkg –initrd –revision=1.0.NAS kernel_image kernel_headers -j
4

Can anyone help me? The last lines of the following are the error information.

objcopy –add-gnu-debuglink=/home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-
4.4.4/usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/4.4.4/kernel/virt/lib/irqbypass.ko /home/daweili
/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4/lib/modules/4.4.4/kernel/virt/lib/irqbypass.ko
rm -rf /home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4/usr/lib/debug
test ! -f tools/lguest/lguest || \
install -p -o root -g root -m 644 tools/lguest/lguest /home/daweili/linux-
4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4/lib/modules/4.4.4/lguest
test ! -f /home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4/lib/modules/4.4.4
/lguest || \
chmod 755 /home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4/lib/modules/4.4.4
/lguest
test ! -e /home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4/lib/modules/4.4.4
/source || \
mv /home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4/lib/modules/4.4.4/source
./debian/source-link

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test ! -e /home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4/lib/modules/4.4.4/build
|| \
mv /home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4/lib/modules/4.4.4/build
./debian/build-link
test ! -e ./debian/source-link || \
mv ./debian/source-link /home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4/lib
/modules/4.4.4/source
test ! -e ./debian/build-link || \
mv ./debian/build-link /home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4/lib
/modules/4.4.4/build
/sbin/depmod -q -FSystem.map -b /home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-
image-4.4.4 4.4.4;
restore_upstream_debianization
test ! -f scripts/package/builddeb.kpkg-dist || mv -f scripts/package
/builddeb.kpkg-dist scripts/package/builddeb
test ! -f scripts/package/Makefile.kpkg-dist || mv -f scripts/package
/Makefile.kpkg-dist scripts/package/Makefile
/usr/bin/make INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-
image-4.4.4 \
INSTALL_FW_PATH=/home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4/lib
/firmware/4.4.4 \
INSTALL_PATH=/home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4//boot install
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/daweili/linux-4.4.4′
scripts/kconfig/conf –silentoldconfig Kconfig
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/daweili/linux-4.4.4′
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/daweili/linux-4.4.4′
sh ./arch/x86/boot/install.sh 4.4.4 arch/x86/boot/bzImage \
System.map “/home/daweili/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4//boot”
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.4.4 /home/daweili
/linux-4.4.4/debian/linux-image-4.4.4//boot/vmlinuz-4.4.4
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal: 84: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-
removal: cannot create /etc/apt/apt.conf.d//01autoremove-kernels.dpkg-new:
Permission denied
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal exited with return code 2
make[3]: *** [install] Error 1

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make[2]: *** [install] Error 2

make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/daweili/linux-4.4.4′
make[1]: *** [debian/stamp/install/linux-image-4.4.4] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/daweili/linux-4.4.4′
make: *** [kernel_image] Error 2

REPLY LINK

Mikel March 21, 2016, 12:54 pm

Hi, is it normal to get Warnings like this during compilation?

e.g. ” drivers/isdn/hardware/eicon/capifunc.c:1094:1: warning: the frame size of
1152 bytes is larger than 1024 bytes [-Wframe-larger-than=] “

REPLY LINK

Vivek Gite March 21, 2016, 1:40 pm

Yes.

REPLY LINK

rick March 27, 2016, 2:53 pm

Hi,
This worked for me. A further question: the needed hardware config selections /
modules were not compiled into the kernel, so I did this a second time with a
different revision, enabling the relevant options in menuconfig, but grub (nor
uname, proc/release) does not show different revisions, only the kernel version,
so not sure which I am using… is there a way to tell? The hardware (touchpad)
does not work- it is not identified by the system either. Is it possible to compile it
separately as a module?

Anyway, the guide worked as described, even if it did not accomplish what I

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wanted, so thanks for that.

REPLY LINK

FEDERICO March 29, 2016, 9:48 am

Hello

Great article, but i am having problems with this

Verify kernel deb files:

No debs files are there

fede@fede-Lenovo-YOGA-900-13ISK:~/linux-4.5$ ls ../*.deb
ls: cannot access ../*.deb: No such file or directory
fede@fede-Lenovo-YOGA-900-13ISK:~/linux-4.5$

REPLY LINK

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FEDERICO March 29, 2016, 9:51 am

oval: cannot create /etc/apt/apt.conf.d//01autoremove-

kernels.dpkg-new: Permission denied
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal exited with return code 2
make[3]: *** [install] Error 1
make[2]: *** [install] Error 2
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/fede/linux-4.5′
make[1]: *** [debian/stamp/install/linux-image-4.5.0] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/fede/linux-4.5′
make: *** [kernel_image] Error 2

REPLY LINK

SeaDog April 1, 2016, 12:50 pm

I use Asus ux305 on the which I installed Ubuntu 15.10 with default
kernetl 4.2. This kernel not supports Intel M Core the same did not work my
TouchPad. Thanks to this guide I installed kernel 4.5 and all works fine. Thanks
alot.

REPLY LINK

CodeSlayer April 27, 2016, 6:06 am

It worked on my ASUS UX305 which is also having Intel Core M

processor, and it worked perfectly

REPLY LINK

degomos April 29, 2016, 2:53 am

Hi i have debian installed on my asus zenbook ux32vd, and i have this

error and failure do you know how to fix this:

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[ 1.470054] ata1.00: READ LOG DMA EXT failed, trying unqueued

[ 1.470115] ata1.00: failed to get NCQ Send/Recv Log Emask 0x1
[ 1.471198] ata1.00: failed to get NCQ Send/Recv Log Emask 0x1
[ 11.204433] ata2: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
[ 21.260609] ata2: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
[ 56.293242] ata2: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
[ 61.309330] ata2: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
[ 61.309411] ata2: reset failed, giving up
[ 61.662470] EXT4-fs (sda1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
[ 61.715798] Error: Driver ‘pcspkr’ is already registered, aborting…
[ 64.039613] acpi_call: Cannot get handle: Error: AE_NOT_FOUND
[ 64.050550] acpi_call: Cannot get handle: Error: AE_NOT_FOUND

REPLY LINK

james April 30, 2016, 10:24 am

which I need to select in Fig.05, which is rightest for install kernel. you
not clear, I don’t understand anything.

REPLY LINK

Fahad June 4, 2016, 11:35 am

Amazing guide, used this to compile a perfect kernel 4.6.1.

Bookmarked!!!!

REPLY LINK

Akash July 3, 2016, 11:57 am

Thanks much for this very informative article.

I have been using the following 5 commands to build the 4.x kernel with a

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particular
.config file taken from http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/
Steps on Development machine
Copy the config file inside the kernel source directory as .config
yes ” | make oldconfig
make -j4 deb-pkg LOCALVERSION=-my_kernel
Steps on target machine
sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-x.xx…_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux-image-x.xx…_amd64.deb

After this even if I have to do a minor modification in kernel source (like add some
new printk statements) then also I had to repeat the above steps which takes lot
of time (as everything is done from scratch, nothing is reused from previous
compilation)
How can I expedite the subsequent compilation of kernel ?
On debian package installation, I see the following files inside the /boot directory
on the target machine
/boot/vmlinuz*KERNEL-VERSION*
/boot/initrd*KERNEL-VERSION*
/boot/System-map*KERNEL-VERSION*
/boot/config-*KERNEL-VERSION*

Can I just replace the vmlinuz*KERNEL-VERSION* file with that of modified

kernel & reboot ?
Please can somebody kindly tell me a shortcut.

For modules, I can use a shortcut, like for example for i915 module, I follow these
2 steps.
make DRM_MODULES=”i915″ -j4
cp drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915.ko to /lib/modules/VERSION/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm
/i915/ on the target.

REPLY LINK

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tito September 2, 2016, 3:24 pm

It worked for me!

debian 3.16 -> debian 4.5 Wow

REPLY LINK

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