Download the full version of the ebook now at ebookgrade.

com

American Pageant Volume 2 David M. Kennedy

https://ebookgrade.com/product/american-pageant-
volume-2-david-m-kennedy/

Explore and download more ebook at https://ebookgrade.com

 Recommended digital products (PDF, EPUB, MOBI) that
you can download immediately if you are interested.

American Pageant Volume 1 17th by David M. Kennedy The

https://ebookgrade.com/product/american-pageant-volume-1-17th-by-
david-m-kennedy-the/

ebookgrade.com

(Instruction Manual) The American Pageant 17th David M.

Kennedy

https://ebookgrade.com/product/instruction-manual-the-american-
pageant-17th-david-m-kennedy/

ebookgrade.com

American Pageant 17th Edition by David M. Kennedy Wei Zhi

https://ebookgrade.com/product/american-pageant-17th-edition-by-david-
m-kennedy-wei-zhi/

ebookgrade.com

American Pageant Volume 1 16th

https://ebookgrade.com/product/american-pageant-volume-1-16th/

ebookgrade.com
Brief American Pageant A History of the Republic Volume I
To 1877 9th ed. The David M. Kennedy WCN 02 200 203

https://ebookgrade.com/product/brief-american-pageant-a-history-of-
the-republic-volume-i-to-1877-9th-ed-the-david-m-kennedy-
wcn-02-200-203/
ebookgrade.com

American Pageant A History of the American People Volume 2

Since 1865 The

https://ebookgrade.com/product/american-pageant-a-history-of-the-
american-people-volume-2-since-1865-the/

ebookgrade.com

American Pageant 15th ed. The

https://ebookgrade.com/product/american-pageant-15th-ed-the/

ebookgrade.com

Reading the American Past Volume II From 1865 2

https://ebookgrade.com/product/reading-the-american-past-volume-ii-
from-1865-2/

ebookgrade.com
Other documents randomly have
different content
 “Amer. Hist. Rev.,” vol. vi, for proofs of the dealings of Pitt with
Miranda at that time. On 12th September 1791 Pitt wrote to
him stating that he could not grant him the pension he asked
for, or the sum of £1,000: £500 must suffice for the expenses
incurred during his stay in London (Pitt MSS., 102).
925
“F. O.,” Spain, 17.
926
“Travaux de Mirabeau” (1792), iii, 319.
927
W. Legg, “Select Documents on the Fr. Rev.,” i, 226 and F.
Masson, “Département des Affaires étrangères,” 79, 80.
928
B.M. Add. MSS., 29475.
929
Pretyman MSS.
930
“F. O.,” Spain, 17.
931
“Dropmore P.,” i, 585, 588. Auckland to Grenville, 15th May
and 8th June 1790. On 22nd May Kaunitz, the Austrian
Chancellor, assured Keith, our ambassador, that he heartily
wished for the settlement of the Nootka Sound dispute. He
blamed Floridablanca as rash (“F. O.,” Austria, 20).
932
“F. O.,” Spain, 17. Fitzherbert to Leeds, 16th June 1790. Earl
Camden, a valued member of the Cabinet, wrote on 29th
June to Pitt expressing grave concern at this answer from the
Spanish Court. He added these words: “War, as I always
thought, was inevitable, and to temporize impossible. The
jealousy of that Court gave the first provocation, and their
pride refuses satisfaction. The consequence is evident. We
have no choice, for the outrage at Nouska [sic] cannot be a
subject of discussion. I trust in the spirit of the Kingdom and
your own wisdom and good fortune, and have no doubt this
will terminate to your honour” (Pitt MSS., 119).
933
“F. O.,” Spain, 18. Leeds to Fitzherbert, 5th July.
934
“F. O.,” Spain, 18. Despatch of 5th July to Fitzherbert. Of
course, this does not imply that Pitt would never admit
arbitration, but only that he judged it inadmissible in the
present case.
935
Ibid. Fitzherbert to Leeds, 12th July.
936
Ibid. Leeds to Fitzherbert, 17th August.
937
Manning, 405, 406; “Dropmore P.,” i, 603, 606.
938
“Despatches of Earl Gower (1790–1792),” 23, edited by Mr.
Oscar Browning. Gower succeeded Dorset as ambassador at
Paris on 20th June 1790.
939
“Travaux de Mirabeau,” iv, 24–49, which shows that this was
not the work of the Assembly, but the proposal of Mirabeau.
W. A. Miles reported (“Corresp.,” i, 255), that Mirabeau
received from the Spanish ambassador one thousand louis
d’or for carrying this proposal.
940
“F. O.,” Spain, 18. Fitzherbert to Leeds, 17th August.
941
“Gower’s Despatches,” 29; “Corresp. of W.A. Miles,” i, 162,
163.
942
Ibid., i, 41–8, 150.
943
In the Pitt MSS. there is a packet (No. 159) of Miles’s letters
to Pitt, beginning with 1785. On 13th May 1790 Miles wrote to
Pitt that George Rose had informed him he could not see how
Pitt could employ him. Miles begged Pitt for a pension as a
literary man. There is no other letter to Pitt until 10th
December 1790, dated Paris:—“My attachment to your
interest and a sincere desire to give every possible support to
your Administration induced me to engage without difficulty in
the enterprise proposed by Mr. Rose, and to accept of a
salary inadequate to the expenses of the most frugal
establishment,” viz., £400 a year. He adds that he has
trenched on his private property, and concludes by asking for
the consulate at Ostend.
944
“Corresp. of W. A. Miles,” i, 171, 172, 199.
945
“Beaufort P.,” etc. (Hist. MSS. Comm.), 368.
946
Pitt MSS., 335.
947
Ibid., 139. See, too, “Gower’s Despatches,” 38, 39, with note.
948
Pitt MSS., 139.
949
Stanhope, ii, 60, 61.
950
Pitt MSS., 139.
951
F. Masson, “Département des Affaires étrangères,” 86 et seq.
In the Pretyman MSS. is an undated letter of Elliot to Pitt
(probably of November 1790) referring to his interview with
Pitt that morning, and explaining that his phrase to the
Diplomatic Committee, “the glorious Revolution,” was meant
only for Frenchmen!
952
“Parl. Hist.,” xxviii, 907.
953
“F. O.,” Spain, 19.
954
Machiavelli, “The Prince,” ch. iii.
955
McDonald’s affidavit of 25th September 1790. On this case
Bland Burges wrote to Auckland on 30th September (B.M.
Add. MSS., 34433) that he was convinced of its authenticity,
and that Spain was clearly seeking a quarrel with us. He
referred to the signature of the Reichenbach Convention as
strengthening our position. On 21st September he wrote to
Auckland of the “intolerable suspense” of the Spanish affair,
and hinted that Spanish gold had probably bought the recent
peace between Sweden and Russia. The position of Bland
Burges as permanent secretary at the Foreign Office gives
weight to these remarks.
956
“F. O.,” Spain, 19. Despatch of 8th October. For details see
Manning, op. cit., chs. xi-xiii. I cannot, however, agree with Dr.
Manning’s assertion (p. 440) that it looks as if Pitt and Leeds
desired war. The terms of Fitzherbert’s despatch of 16th
September, which Dr. Manning does not notice, surely
convinced Pitt that Spain would on no account use the French
alliance on Mirabeau’s conditions.
957
Pretyman MSS.
958
“F. O.,” Spain, 49 (Drafts of Lord Grenville), shows that the
sum of £50,000 was finally demanded from Spain as
 compensation. For the Convention of 28th October 1790 see
“Parl. Hist.,” xxviii, 916–18, and Martens, iv, 492–9.
959
“Auckland Journals,” ii, 374.
960
For this see Hertz, “British Imperialism in the XVIIIth Century.”
961
Stanhope, ii, 63; Lecky, v, 209; Lord Rosebery, “Pitt,” 102; Mr.
C. Whibley, “Pitt,” 129.
962
“F. O.,” Russia, 20. Trade Report of the Baltic ports for 1790.
963
“Mems. of Sir R. M. Keith,” ii, 355–74; Sybel, bk. ii, ch. vi. The
Congress of Sistova was adjourned on 10th February for
some weeks.
964
Vivenot, 5.
965
Ibid., 9, 10; Beer, “Die orientalische Politik Oesterreichs,” App.
I.
966
“F. O.,” Russia, 20. “The Emperor still continues,
notwithstanding his professions, to flatter the Empress that he
may yet enter the lists in her favour” (Whitworth to Leeds,
18th January 1791). See Keith’s letters from Sistova, showing
the resolve of Austria to evade the Reichenbach terms, and
wring Orsova from the Turks (“Mems. of Sir R. M. Keith,” ii,
365 et seq.).
967
B.M. Add. MSS., 34435.
968
“F. O.,” Sweden, 11.
969
R. Nisbet Bain, “Gustavus III,” ii, 120–3. See, too, Geffroy,
“Gustave III et la Cour de France.”
970
Pitt MSS., 332.
971
“F. O.,” Poland, 4. Hailes to Leeds, 12th June 1790.
972
The Prussians forced the Danzig trade to Elbing. Dembinski, i,
101.
973
“Mems. de Michel Oginski,” i, 92–9.
974
“F. O.,” Poland, 5. Hailes’s despatches of January 1791.
975
“F. O.,” Poland, 4. Hailes to Leeds, 1st and 11th December
1790.
976
Dembinski, i, 103, 104. Alopeus to Ostermann, 6th December
1790 (N.S.). The British archives show that Hertzberg
continued to smile on our efforts to coerce Russia, and
encouraged the Turks to do their utmost against her. Jackson
to Leeds, 4th January 1791 (“F. O.,” Prussia, 20).
977
Dembinski, i, 108–10. Ostermann to Alopeus, 1st January
1791 (N.S.).
978
“F. O.,” Russia, 20. Whitworth to Leeds, 8th January 1790.
979
Pitt MSS., 332. Ewart to Pitt, 16th November 1790.
980
“F. O.,” Poland, 5. Leeds to Hailes, 8th January 1791. This
evidence and the facts stated later on, in my judgement refute
the statement of Lecky (v, 287) that the political security of
Poland did not enter into the motives of Pitt’s policy.
981
“F. O.,” Prussia, 20. Leeds to Jackson, 8th January 1791.
982
Ibid. Jackson’s despatches of 23rd January, 12th, 17th, 26th
February, 1st March; “F. O.,” Russia, 20. Whitworth’s
despatches of 14th, 18th, 25th January (on the “defection” of
Spain from Russia); “F. O.,” Sweden, 20, Liston to Leeds,
17th February. For the fears of Marie Antoinette and the
French Court that British armaments were aimed at France,
see Sorel, ii, 181, 182.
983
Vivenot, op. cit., 78, 79.
984
Ibid., 98 et seq. Cobenzl to Kaunitz, 4th March 1791; Beer,
“Leopold II, Franz I, und Catharina,” 39 et seq.
985
I differ from Dr. Salomon (“Pitt,” 514) as to the motives which
impelled the Prussian King at this time.
986
On 29th July 1791 Auckland wrote to Grenville about Ewart’s
“misconceived energy and violence” (B.M. Add. MSS.,
34438). See, too, “Auckland Journals,” ii, 392–3.
987
B.M. Add. MSS., 34436. Ewart must somehow have seen this
letter, for he quoted some of its phrases in his letter of 11th
February to Pitt (Pitt MSS., 332). See, too, his letters of 8th
February and 5th March to Lord Grenville in “Dropmore P.,” ii,
31, 38.
988
B.M. Add. MSS., 34436.
989
Ibid.
990
“Auckland Journals,” ii, 382.
991
B.M. Add. MSS., 34436. Auckland to Leeds, 15th March
1791; also in “F. O.,” Holland, 34 (received on 19th March).
992
Pitt MSS., 337.
993
B.M. Add. MSS., 34436.
994
“Mems. of Sir R. M. Keith,” ii, 367–70, 379.
995
“F. O.,” Prussia, 20. Jackson to Leeds, 9th March. See
Heidrich, “Preussen im Kampfe gegen die Franz. Revolution”
(1908), ch. i, for the causes of the double face worn by
Prussian policy at this time.
996
“F. O.,” Prussia, 20. Jackson to Leeds, 11th March 1791
(received 19th March).
997
“Leeds Mem.,” 150–2.
998
Leeds to Jackson, 27th March 1791. Russia then was seeking
to form an alliance with Sweden and Denmark with a view to
declaring the Baltic a mare clausum (“F. O.,” Russia, 20.
Whitworth to Leeds, 25th March 1791).
999
“F. O.,” Russia, 20. Leeds to Whitworth, 27th March 1791.
1000
“F. O.,” Holland, 34. Pitt to Auckland, 27th March.
1001
Contrast with this the admission of Storer: “Our taxes have
proved this year beyond example productive” (“Auckland
Journals,” ii, 389).
1002
See Burke’s “Correspondence,” iii, 268, where he calls Ewart
“a little, busy, meddling man, little heard of till lately.”
1003
“Parl. Hist.,” xxix, 33–79.
1004
Earl Stanhope (ii, 115) does not give the last figures, which
show that the Ministry regained ground on 15th April.
1005
“Auckland Journals,” ii, 388.
1006
Pitt to Ewart, 24th May 1791; Stanhope, ii, 116; Tomline, iii,
260.
1007
“F. O.,” Holland, 34.
1008
“F. O.,” Denmark, 13. Drake to Leeds, 12th March.
In B.M. Add. MSS., 34436, I have found proofs that
Auckland on 19th March forwarded by special packet
duplicates of the proposals described above, adding his own
comments to them, of course in a favourable sense. They
probably reached Whitehall about 24th March, but by that
time the Cabinet’s bellicose decision had gone to Windsor
and received the King’s assent.
1009
“Leeds Mem.,” 157, 158; also despatch of 31st March to
Jackson, in “F. O.,” Prussia, 20.
1010
From Major-General Sir Spencer Ewart’s MSS.
1011
From Major-General Sir Spencer Ewart’s MSS.
1012
“Keith Mems.,” ii, 219, 228.
1013
“Dropmore P.,” ii, 54–6; Dr. Hunt, “Pol. Hist. of England,” x,
328.
1014
“F. O.,” Prussia, 21. Grenville to Ewart, 20th April 1791. The
details given above refute Sorel’s statement (ii, 208) that Pitt
changed front brusquement, and charged Fawkener to say
that he would give way about Oczakoff.
1015
Dembinski, i, 449.
1016
Vivenot, i, 126–37, 172–6; Clapham “Causes of the War of
1792,” ch. iv; “Keith’s Mems.,” ii, 436–41, 448. So, too,
Whitworth to Leeds, 22nd April 1791: “Count Cobenzl
continues buoying them [the Russians] up with the hopes of
his Court taking a part in the war” (“F. O.,” Russia, 20).
1017
B.M. Add. MSS., 34438. The despatches printed in Vivenot (i,
172–81) show that the arrival of Bischoffswerder at Milan on
11th June helped to thwart the efforts of Lord Elgin. Elgin
suggested to Pitt on 15th June that, if war broke out, he could
convict the Emperor of hindering the pacification (Pitt MSS.,
132).
1018
“F. O.,” Prussia, 21. Ewart to Grenville, 13th May.
1019
“F. O.,” Russia, 21. Grenville to Fawkener, 6th May; “F. O.,”
Poland, 5. Hailes to Grenville, 19th May. Yet as late as 6th
July Grenville informed Ewart that in the last resort England
would fight on behalf of Prussia, though Ewart was to work
hard to avert war (“Dropmore P.,” ii, 124).
1020
“Dropmore P.,” ii, 93, 94. Ewart to Grenville, 8th June.
Hertzberg’s influence was lessened by the addition of
 Schulenberg and Alvensleben to the Foreign Department at
Berlin early in May.
1021
B.M. Add. MSS., 34437. Liston to Grenville, 27th May 1791.
1022
“F. O.,” Russia, 21. Fawkener and Whitworth to Grenville,
19th, 27th, 31st May, 18th and 21st June. So, too, Ewart
wrote to Grenville, on 18th June (after receiving news from St.
Petersburg): “No answer will be given (by the Russian
Ministers) to the Allies till after the return of the last
messenger to London, for the purpose of knowing if they
might rely with certainty on the English Government being
unable to take active measures in any case” (“F. O.,” Prussia,
21).
1023
“Memorials of Fox,” ii, 383–7.
1024
Pitt MSS., 337; Tomline, iii, 308–12.
1025
“Auckland Journals,” ii, 388.
1026
“F. O.,” Russia, 20. 2nd May. “I have long thought Woronzow
decidedly and personally hostile to the present Government in
England, and am persuaded that he suggested the idea of
employing Mr. Adair as an envoy from Mr. Fox to the
Empress.” Grenville to Auckland, 1st August 1791. (B.M. Add.
MSS., 34439.)
1027
B.M. Add. MSS., 34438.
1028
“F. O.,” Russia, 22. Whitworth to Grenville, 5th August.
1029
B.M. Add. MSS., 34438. Wraxall (i, 202; ii, 34) thought Fox
deserved impeachment for sending Adair.
1030
“Parl. Hist.,” xxix, 849–1000. Whitbread’s motion was finally
negatived by 244 to 116 (1st March 1792).
1031
Vivenot, i, 547; Martens, v, 244–9.
1032
B.M. Add. MSS., 34438.
1033
“F. O.,” Poland, 5. Hailes to Grenville, 5th May, along with a
letter by a Polish deputy.
1034
Burke, “Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs.” Burke did not
see that by fighting Russia’s battle in Parliament, he was
helping to undermine the liberties of Poland.
1035
“F. O.,” Poland, 5. Grenville to Hailes, 25th May.
1036
“Keith Mems.,” ii, 448, 449.
1037
Dembinski, i, 451. Hertzberg to Lucchesini, 7th May 1791.
1038
“F. O.,” Prussia, 21. Ewart to Grenville, 25th June. For
Bischofffswerder’s second mission to Vienna see Sybel, bk. ii,
ch. vi.
1039
Martens, v, 262–71.
1040
I am indebted to Major-General Sir Spencer Ewart for these
particulars and for permission to copy and publish these
letters of Pitt. The poison story first became current in one of
Fox’s letters published in the “Mems. of Fox.” For letters of Dr.
Ewart at Bath on his brother’s affairs see “Dropmore P.,” ii,
181, 253, 256.
1041
Pitt MSS., 102.
1042
“F. O.,” Poland, 5. Hailes to Grenville, 21st August 1791.
1043
Herrmann, “Geschichte Russlands,” vi, 445.
INDEX
Abdul Hamid I, Sultan of Turkey, his death, 506.
Abingdon, Lord, 474.
Abolitionist Society, the, 456–8, 473.
Adair, Sir Robert, his mission to St. Petersburg, 622–4.
Adams, John, United States Ambassador in London, 444.
Addington, Dr. Anthony, 50, 283, 284;
called in to see the King, 411, 412.
Addington, Henry, 283;
his friendship with Pitt, 284;
enters Parliament, 284, 285;
made Speaker, 464, 469.
Africa, proposed convict settlements in, 435, 437;
the Slave Trade in, 456, 457, 470, 473, 474.
Agriculture, development of, in Midlands and South of England,
31, 32.
Ainslie, Sir Robert, British Ambassador at Constantinople, 326,
486, 487, 489, 494, 506 n., 524.
Alaska, 563.
Algoa Bay, 435.
Alopeus, Russian envoy at Berlin, 597.
Althorpe, Lord, 90.
Alvanley, Lord. See Arden, Richard Pepper.
Alvensleben, Count von, special Prussian envoy at Paris, 345,
380, 388, 621 n.
America, Spanish claims on the north-west coast, 565, 568,
573–5, 585–8;
discontent in Spanish America, 568.
American Colonies, Declaration of Independence, 2, 3.
See United States.
American War of Independence, 2, 9, 21, 28, 78, 79, 100;
proposals for conciliation, 57, 61, 83, 101–4, 112;
conclusion of peace, 114.
Amiens Peace of 305
Amiens, Peace of, 305.
Amsterdam, captured by the Prussians, 378, 379.
Anapa, capture of, 625.
Angra Pequeña, 435.
Ankerström, Jakob Johan, murders Gustavus III, 532.
Anne, Princess, 306.
Anstey, Mr., sent to the United States to settle the claims of the
Loyalists, 444.
Antwerp, 298, 306.
Apsley, Lord, 90.
Arbitration, international, suggested by Pulteney, 340;
not admitted by Pitt between Spain and England, 574, 575.
Arcot, Nabob of, disposes of several seats in Parliament, 108,
109.
Arden, Richard Pepper (Lord Alvanley), 58, 72, 91;
Solicitor-General, 157, 158;
Attorney-General, 234, 235, 267, 283, 437;
made Lord Alvanley, 283.
Arkwright, Sir Richard, his spinning-frame, 2, 29.
Armaments, limitation of, 341.
Armed Neutrality, the, group of politicians so-called, 429.
Armed Neutrality League, 299.
Armfelt, Baron, 532.
Armstead, Mrs., 80, 409.
Artois, Comte d’, 546, 550.
Ashburton, Lord (John Dunning), 70;
made Chancellor of the Duchy, 105.
Auckland, Lord. See Eden, William.
Australia. See New South Wales.
Austria, alliance with France, 297, 300, 314, 375;
alliance with Russia, 299, 375;
British overtures repulsed, 300;
joins Russia in the war with Turkey, 384, 385, 481, 482, 490,
491, 527;
 , ;

British policy towards, 489;

entente with Prussia, 523;
British proposals, 523–6;
weakness of her position, 527;
agrees to the Convention of Reichenbach, 528–30;
favours Russian claims, 600, 606;
peace with Turkey, 625.
See Joseph II and Leopold II.
Austrian Netherlands. See Belgic Provinces.

Babington, Thomas, 473.

Bahamas, the, 116.
Baker, Sir George, chief physician to George III, 407, 410.
Bankes, Henry, his friendship with Pitt, 58, 91, 137;
opposes Pitt’s Reform Bill (1785), 202, 203;
his independence, 293, 294.
Banks, Sir Joseph, 436.
Barbary States, 329.
Barnave, Antoine, 560, 624.
Barré, Colonel, proposes reform of public accounts, 87;
debate on his pension, 111;
accepts the Clerkship of the Pells, 159.
Barrier Treaty (1715), 298.
Bathurst, Earl, 79.
Bavaria, the Electorate of, proposal for exchange, 298, 304,
311, 353, 482.
Beauchamp, Lord, 434, 438.
Beauchamp, Lady, works on behalf of Fox, 172.
Beaufoy, Henry, 191;
supports the repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts, 214,
215 n.
Belgic Provinces (of Austria), proposal for exchange, 298, 304,
311, 353, 482;
revolution in, 511, 513–15, 547;
F hi ti i 513 516
 French intrigues in, 513, 516;
Joseph II deposed, 515;
ancient constitution guaranteed by the Congress of
Reichenbach, 530.
Bentinck, Count, 372.
Beresford, John, Irish Chief Commissioner of the Revenue, 248,
251, 255, 266, 337.
Berlin, Treaty of (1788), 389.
Bernstorff, Count, Danish Minister, 496, 497, 500, 615, 618.
Bible Society, founded, 473, 474.
Bischoffswerder, Baron von, Prussian diplomatist, 600;
his first mission to Vienna, 601, 609;
at Milan, 620 n.;
his second mission to Vienna, 628 n., 629.
Bolton, Lord. See Orde.
Boswell, James, his description of Wilberforce’s speech at York,
170.
Botany Bay, convict settlement at, 437–43.
Bouillé, General de, 356.
Brabant. See Belgic Provinces.
Bradford, Lord (Sir Henry Bridgeman), 90.
Bridgeman, Sir Henry. See Bradford, Lord.
Brissot, Jean Pierre, supports abolition of the Slave Trade, 458.
Bristol, opposes abolition of the Slave Trade, 463.
British Columbia, 570, 588, 589.
Brooks’s Club, 85, 90, 167, 168, 393, 408, 413, 421.
Browne, Governor, his report on slavery in Bermuda, 459.
Brunswick, Charles, Duke of, commands the Prussian troops
against Holland, 374, 376;
at the Conference of Reichenbach, 529.
Brunswick, Lewis, Duke of, guardian of the Stadholder, William
V, 306.
Brussels, revolt of, 515.
Buckingham, Marquis of. See Temple, George Grenville, Earl.
 g , q p , g ,

Bulgakoff, his mission to Constantinople, 486–8.

Burges, Bland, permanent Secretary at the Foreign Office, 72;
his anecdote of Pitt and Gibbon, 72, 73;
quoted, 236, 531 n., 583 n.
Burke, Edmund, his proposals for Economic Reform, 68, 69, 84;
his failure in Parliament, 81;
on Lord Shelburne, 82;
praises Pitt’s maiden speech, 85;
opposes Reform, 109, 201, 203;
resigns, 111;
draws a retort from Pitt, 115;
made Paymaster of the Forces, 129;
opposes Pitt’s proposals for retrenchment, 132;
speech in support of the India Bill, 146;
his diatribe against Pitt’s India Amending Act, 221, 222;
reasons for his hostility to Hastings, 226;
his motions against Hastings, 227–32, 239;
opposes Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, 262;
opposes the French Commercial Treaty, 342;
epigram on Pitt, 404;
in the Regency crisis, 414, 416, 421, 423;
protests against transportation, 434, 435, 438;
rupture with Fox, 451, 558;
on the Slave Trade, 457, 462;
on the revolt in Belgium, 547;
his “Reflections on the French Revolution,” 467, 553–7;
influence of the book in England, 557;
his “Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs,” 558, 560, 627 n.;
his “Thoughts on French Affairs,” 559, 560;
contrasted with Pitt, 552–61;
opposes the Russian War, 613;
his opinion of Ewart, 613 n.;
on the Polish Revolution, 627.
Burke, Richard, at Coblentz, 557, 613.
Burney, Fanny, quoted, 228, 402, 408, 409, 557.
Burton Pynsent Chatham’s home 39 41 43 47
Burton Pynsent, Chatham s home, 39, 41, 43, 47.
Butler’s “Analogy,” Pitt on, 292.
Buxton, Sir T. F., 455.

Caffraria, suggested settlement on coast of, 435, 438.

Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, French Minister of Finance, and
the treaty with England, 334, 338, 343–5;
his prodigality, 346–8, 358, 540;
his visits to England, 545, 550.
Cambridge Debt Bill, 290.
Camden, Earl (Charles Pratt), Lord Chief Justice, declines office
under Pitt, 155;
President of the Council, 156, 384, 439, 560, 574 n., 616.
Camden, Marquis. See Pratt, John Jeffreys.
Camelford, Lord. See Pitt, Thomas.
Campbell, Lord, his “Lives of the Lord Chancellors” quoted, 235.
Canada, settlement of American Loyalists in, 440, 441, 443,
446, 447;
request of settlers for representative institutions and English
laws, 447, 448;
preponderance of the French, 447, 448;
Canada Bill (1791), 449–53;
success of Pitt’s policy, 453;
the future of, 588.
Canning, George, 281, 283;
on the Slave Trade, 477.
Canterbury, Archbishop of. See Moore, John.
Cape of Good Hope, 317 n., 356, 370;
question of convict settlement near, 435.
Carlisle, Earl of, Lord Privy Seal, 79, 129;
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 245, 333, 611.
Carlisle, Countess of, works on behalf of Fox, 172.
Carmarthen, Marquis of (afterwards Duke of Leeds), Foreign
Secretary, 9, 10, 13, 156, 160 n.;
correspondence with Harris, 275, 301, 302, 309, 314, 327,
335 355 360 362 493
 335, 355, 360, 362, 493;
his plays, 309, 311;
negotiations with Russia, 315–17, 489;
his suspicions of France in the matter of the Commercial
Treaty, 306, 328–30, 332, 334, 335, 343, 344, 347;
letter to the King on Dutch policy, 357;
strained relations with Pitt, 357, 358;
negotiations leading to the Triple Alliance, 365, 368, 370, 373,
374, 377, 381, 383, 384, 386, 387, 490;
a witty retort by, 424;
situation in the Baltic, 495–7;
commends Elliot, 500, 501;
becomes Duke of Leeds, 501, 502, 510;
the revolution in Belgium, 513, 516, 520;
the French Revolution, 546;
interviews with the Duke of Orleans, 547, 548;
the Nootka Sound dispute, 566, 569, 572, 576, 582;
the Eastern Question, 582, 590, 599, 605, 606, 608;
disagreement with Pitt, 616;
resigns, 618.
Carrington, Lord (Robert Smith), 91, 201, 285;
overhauls Pitt’s affairs, 287, 288.
Carteret, Lord (Henry Thynne), 159.
Cartwright, Rev. Edmund, his power loom, 3, 30.
Cartwright, Major John, 83, 204, 429;
his “Society for Promoting Constitutional Information,” 109,
206.
Catharine II, Czarina, 136, 140, 298;
alliance with Joseph II, 299, 353, 483;
repartee to Diderot, 299, 300;
repels British overtures, 300–4, 348, 488;
her schemes against Turkey, 304, 314, 315, 348, 353, 390,
481–3, 582;
makes a commercial treaty with France, 348, 485, 488;
war with Turkey, 375, 385, 487, 488, 502, 590, 591;
state progress to the Crimea, 480, 481, 483;
meeting with Joseph II, 480–3;
 g p , ;
her career and character, 483, 484;
agreement with the King of Poland, 485, 486;
her anger against England, 488, 489, 494;
war with Sweden, 491, 493, 494, 502, 520, 521;
makes overtures to Fox, 504;
refuses British offer of mediation, 526;
makes peace with Gustavus III, 531, 532, 582, 592, 593;
her promises to him, 532, 533;
approached by Leopold II, 592;
Hertzberg’s treacherous proposals to, 597;
rejects Pitt’s demands for the status quo, 592, 598;
anxious for a peaceful settlement, 615, 618;
Pitt’s new proposals, 620, 621;
makes peace with Turkey, 626;
alliance with Sweden, 628, 629.
Cavendish, Lord G., 90.
Cavendish, Lord John, Chancellor of the Exchequer, resigns,
111;
moves a vote of censure against the Government, 120;
again Chancellor of the Exchequer, 129;
Pitt exposes the weak points of his Budget, 132;
forms a revenue committee, 185.
Cazalès, Jacques Antoine Marie de, 572.
Chambers, Sir Robert, anecdote of, 213.
Channing, Professor E., on the action of the United States to the
Loyalists, 444 n.
Charles III of Spain, 568.
Charles IV of Spain, 568, 575, 577, 583, 584.
Charlotte, Queen, her virtue and unpopularity, 8;
her simple tastes, 24;
receives the wife of Warren Hastings, 226, 228;
her parsimony, 392, 393;
relations with the Prince of Wales, 393, 397, 402;
the King’s illness, 407, 408, 411, 414, 415, 420, 422, 426,
430.