DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE-19

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Scheme for III to VI semester

Under 160 credits
A.Y. 2022-23 Batch onwards

NEP-II Batch

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

INSTITUTE VISION & MISSION

VISION

Promoting Prosperity of mankind by augmenting human resource capital

through quality Technical Education & Training

MISSION

Accomplish excellence in the field of Technical Education through

Education, Research and Service needs of society

DEPARTMENT VISION & MISSION

VISION

To be a Centre of excellence in the field of Biotechnology equipped to

create graduates who endeavor for the welfare of mankind.

MISSION

• To impart quality education for life long professional growth and

opportunity in a wide range of Careers.
• To create awareness towards socio-ethical implications of potentials of
Biotechnology.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and
PO1 an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.

Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyse complex engineering
PO2 problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences,
and engineering sciences.
Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design
system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration
PO3
for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

Conduct investigations of complex problems : Use research-based knowledge and research methods
PO4 including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information
to provide valid conclusions.
Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering
PO5 and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex engineering activities with an understanding
of the limitations.
The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal,
PO6 health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional
engineering practice.
Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in
PO7 societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.
Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the
PO8
engineering practice.
Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse
PO9
teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering
community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports
PO10
and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
PO11 management principles and apply these to one's own work, as a member and leader in a team, to
manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent
PO12
and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

Apply knowledge of basic sciences and biotechnological techniques to manipulate living organisms.
PSO1

PSO2 Design, optimize, analyse and scale up a bioprocess to develop value added products
PSO3 Generate, analyse and interpret Biological data using Insilco approaches.

NOMENCLATURE FOR THE COURSE CODE

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Credit Distribution

I II III
Curricular Component/ Semester IV V VI VII VIII Total

Basic Science Course (BS) 8 8 3 3 22

Engineering Science Course (ES) 10 10 3 23

Professional Core Course (PC) - - 15 14 18 11 4 - 62

Professional Elective Course (PE) 3 3 3 3 12

Open Elective Course (OE) 3 3 3 9

Project/ Mini-Project (PW) 1 2 3 6 16

Seminar on Internship (SR) 1 1 2

Humanities and Social Sciences, Management 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 11

Course (HS)

Ability Enhancement Course / Mandatory 1 1 2 1

Course(AEC) 5

Non-Credit Mandatory Course (NCMC) _ _ NC NC NC NC NC NC 6 Units

Total Credits 20 20 22 22 22 22 16 16 160

Humanities and Social Sciences including Management Courses (HS); Basic Science Courses (BS); Engineering
Science Courses (ES); Professional Core Courses (PC); Professional Elective Courses (PE); Open Electives (OE);
Project Work (PW); Technical Seminar (SR); Internship in industry or Institution (IN); Non-Credit Mandatory Courses
(NC).

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

III Semester
Credits
Course Code Course Title Total Total
Type L T P Credits Hours

BS 23MA3BSTFN Transform Calculus, Fourier

Series and Numerical Techniques 2 1 0 3 4
ES 23BT3ESPPC Process Principles and Calculations 2 1 0 3 4
PC 23BT3PCFME Fluid Mechanics 3 0 0 3 3
PC 23BT3PCCMB Cell and Molecular Biology 3 0 0 3 3
PC/IPC 23BT3PCMBG Microbiology
C 3 0 0 3 3
PC 23BT3PCBBM Basics of Biomolecules
2 1 0 3 4
UHV 22MA3AEUHV Universal Human Values 0 1 0 1 2
AE 23BT3AEFBL Fundamentals of Biotechnology
Lab 0 0 1 1 2
PC 23BT3PCMBL Microbiology Lab 0 0 1 1 2
PC 23BT3PCFML Fluid Mechanics Lab 0 0 1 1 2
22XX3NCPYA Physical Activity (or any other) PP/
NMC-1 -
NP
Total:- 15 4 3 22 29

IV Semester Scheme
Course Credits Total Total
Type Code Course Title Credits Hours
L T P
23MA4BSEM4 Biostatistics and Design of
BS 2 1 0 3 4
Experiments
Process Engineering
ES 23BT4ESPET Thermodynamics 2 1 0 3 4

PC 23BT4PCBAB Biochemistry and Bioenergetics 2 1 0 3 4

PC 23BT4PCGEN Genetic Engineering 3 0 0 3 4
PC/IPC C 23BT4PCBCA Basics of Computer applications 3 0 0 3 3
PC/IPC C 23BT4PCHMT Heat and Mass Transfer 2 1 0 3 4
PC 23BT4PCBIE Bioinspired Engineering 1 0 0 1 1
AE 23BT4AECBL Computational Biology Lab 0 0 1 1 2
PC 23BT4PCBCL Biochemistry Lab 0 0 1 1 2

23BT4PC
PC Genetic Engineering Lab 0 0 1 1 2
GEL
NCMC- 22XX4NCCLA Cultural Activity (or any other)
2 PP/NP -
15 3
TTOTAL:- 4 3 22
0

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

SYLLABUS (2023-2024) Proposed syllabus for THIRD SEMESTER B. E.

(COMMON TO ALL BRANCHES EXCEPT
CSSTREAM)
TRANSFORM CALCULUS, FOURIER Course 23MA3BSTFN
Course Title SERIES AND NUMERICAL Code
TECHNIQUES
Credits 03 L–T–P 2-1-0
Contact Hours 40

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the course is to facilitate the learners to:
● Appreciate the importance of Series, Transforms and Numerical Techniques in Engineering Problems.
● Acquire the knowledge of Series, Transforms and Numerical Techniques to apply them in their core domain.
● Improve their Mathematical thinking and acquire skills required for sustained lifelong learning.

TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS (General Instructions):

These are sample Strategies; that teachers can use to accelerate the attainment of the various course
outcomes.
1. In addition to the traditional lecture method, different types of innovative teaching methods may be adopted so
that the delivered lessons develop students’ theoretical and applied mathematical skills.
2. State the need for Mathematics with Engineering Studies and provide real-life examples.
3. Encourage the students for group learning to improve their creative and analytical skills.

UNIT-1
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS: [08 hours]
Definition and Laplace transforms of standard functions (statements only). Problems on Laplace
transform of eat f (t ), tn f (t ) ,f (t ) Laplace transforms of derivatives and integrals. Laplace Transform of periodic
functions (statement only) and unit-step function – Problems. Inverse Laplace transforms: definition and
problems. solution of differential equations.
Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and talk method / Power Point Presentation

UNIT-2 FOURIER SERIES:

[08 hours]
Introduction to trigonometric polynomial, trigonometric series. Dirichlet’s conditions. Fourier series of periodic
functions with period 2π and arbitrary period. Complex Fourier series. Practical harmonic analysis.

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and talk method / Power Point Presentation

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT-3
FOURIER TRANSFORMS: [08 hours]
Definition and problems on Fourier Transform. Fourier sine and cosine transforms – Problems.
Inverse Fourier transform, Inverse Fourier cosine and sine transforms - Problems. Convolution theorem
(only statement) – problems.

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and talk method / Power Point Presentation

UNIT-4
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF PDE: [08 hours]
Classification of second-order partial differential equations, finite difference approximation of
derivatives. Solution of one-dimensional heat equation by Schmidt and Bendre-Schmidt explicit formulae. Solution
of one-dimensional wave equation using finite difference method.

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and talk method / Power Point Presentation

UNIT-5
CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS: [08 hours]
Definition, Variation of a functional, Euler’s equation, variational problems.
Applications: Hanging cable problem, Brachistochrone problem.
Z-TRANSFORMS:
Definition, Standard Z-transforms, Damping rule, Shifting rule. Inverse Z-transform and applications –
Solution of difference equations.

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and talk method / Power Point Presentation

Course outcomes (Course Skills Set)

After successfully completing the course, the student will be able to understand the topics:
Course Code CO COURSE OUTCOME (CO) PO Strength
Apply the concepts of Series, Transform
CO 1 Techniques, Calculus of Variation and 1 3
Finite Difference Methods to solve
engineering problems.
23MA3BSTFN
Demonstrate the importance of Transform 3
Techniques, Calculus of Variation and
CO 2 Finite Difference Methods in engineering 1&5
using modern engineering and IT tools.

Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)

Type of Max. 50 %
Component Total Total
assessment Marks Weightage
Quiz 10 5
AAT 10 5
CIE – Theory 100 50
Test 1 40 20
Test 2 40 20
SEE End Exam 100 50

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

CIE methods /question paper is designed to attain the different levels of Bloom’s taxonomy as per the
outcome defined for the course.

SEMESTER END EXAMINATION:

• Each unit consists of one full question.
• Five full questions to be answered.
• To set one question each from Units 2, 3 & 4 and two questions each from Unit 1 and Unit 5.
SUGGESTED LEARNING RESOURCES:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. B. S. Grewal: “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Khanna publishers, 44th Ed.2018
2. E. Kreyszig: “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, John Wiley & Sons, 10th Ed. (Reprint), 2016.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. B.V. Ramana: “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, McGraw-Hill Education, 11th Ed.
2. Srimanta Pal & Subodh C. Bhunia: “Engineering Mathematics” Oxford University Press, 3rd Reprint,
2016.
3. N. P Bali and Manish Goyal: “A textbook of Engineering Mathematics”, Laxmi Publications.
4. C. Ray Wylie, Louis C. Barrett: “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, McGraw–Hill Book Co. New
York, 6th Edition.
5. Gupta C.B, Sing S. R. and Mukesh Kumar: “Engineering Mathematics for Semester I and II”, Mc-Graw
Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd 2015.
6. H. K. Dass and Er. Rajnish Verma: “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, S. Chand Publication (2014).
7. James Stewart: “Calculus” Cengage publications, 7th edition, 4th Reprint 2019.

WEB LINKS AND VIDEO LECTURES (E-RESOURCES):

1. http://www.class-central.com/subject/math(MOOCs)
2. http://academicearth.org/ 3. http://www.bookstreet.in.
4. VTU e-Shikshana Program
5. VTU EDUSAT Program

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title PROCESS PRINCIPLES AND CALCULATIONS

Course Code 2 3 B T 3 E S P P C Credits 03 L – T – P 2–1–0
CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50% weightage)

COURSE PREREQUISITES: Engineering chemistry and mathematics.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: The fundamental engineering principles of bioprocess are

highlighted in this course. Additionally, it emphasizes how biotechnological processes are used
nowadays as well as the function of bioprocess engineers in the biotechnological sector.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: To enable the students to formulate and solve problems related
to material balances in steady state unit operations and energy balances of chemical reactions,
stoichiometry of microbial growth & product formation.

UNIT – 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOPROCESS CALCULATIONS

[5L+2T]

Concept of mole, Mole fraction. Compositions of mixtures of solids, liquids and gases,
concentration of solutions, calculating dilutions: Concentrations by a factor of x, Preparing percent
solutions, Diluting percent solutions, pH and pka calculations.

UNIT – 2 IDEAL GAS LAW AND VAPOUR-PRESSURE

[5L+2T]

Dalton’s law and Amagat’s Law, Relationship between partial pressure and mole fraction, Average
molecular weight of gas mixture. Vapour-Pressure concept, effect of temperature on vapour pressure, T-
X-Y diagram, Raoult’s law and Henry’s law. humidity concepts. Humidity chart

UNIT – 3 MATERIALS BALANCE WITHOUT REACTION

[5L+3T]

General material balance equation for steady and unsteady state, Typical steady state
material balances in distillation, absorption, extraction, crystallization, drying, mixing, evaporation,
Humidification & dehumidification, Elementary treatment of material balances involving bypass

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT – 4 STEADY STATE MATERIAL BALANCE WITH REACTION

[6L+3T]

Principles of Stoichiometry, Concept of limiting, excess reactants and inerts, fractional and
percentage conversion, fractional yield and percentage yield, selectivity, Fuels: Proximate and
Ultimate analysis of coal, Combustion Calculations, Recycle and purge.

UNIT – 5 ENERGY BALANCE

[5L+3T]

General steady state energy balance equation, Heat capacity. Enthalpy, Heat of formation,
Heat of reaction and Heat of combustion, Heat of solution and Heat of mixing, Stoichiometry of
microbial growth and product formation-elemental balances, degree of reduction concepts and
theoretical prediction of yield coefficients.

NOTE: Emphasis should be given on Biotechnological/Biochemical examples in all the units.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering by Himmelblau D. M. Ed

6. PHI Publishers (6th Ed.), 1997.
2. Bioprocess Engineering, Basic concepts by Shuler & Kargi, PHI Publishers (2nd Ed.) 2002
REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Chemical Process Principles Part – I by Hougen O. A., Waston K. M. and Ragatz R. A.,
Wiley, New York
2. Stoichiometry (SI Units) by Bhatt B. L. and Vora S. M. . Tata McGraw Hill (3rd Ed.), 1996.
E Books:

1. Chemical process and principles by Olaf a. Hougen and Kenneth M. Watson

2. K. V. Narayanan, B. Lakshmikutty, “Stoichiometry and process alculations”,
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=52tqCFSC0ZgC&printsec
MOOCs:

1. http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/103102017/
2. http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/10BT46.html

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs):

COs Description
Compute the compositions of various chemical and biological mixtures.
CO 1
CO 2 Apply the concepts of material and energy balances in process calculations to
steady-state unit operations including reactions and without reactions.
Design the solutions to the problems related to humidification operations using
CO 3 psychrometric chart
CO 4 Analyze the stoichiometric equations for microbial growth & product
formation for material balance calculations.

CO5 Deliver a seminar on the topic related to the course.

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

CO1 3 1

CO2 3 1

CO3
2 2

CO4 2
1

CO5 2 2 1
1

ASSESSMENT:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): includes mid-term tests, weekly/fortnightly class

tests, homework assignments, problem solving, group discussions, quiz, seminar, mini- project and
other Alternate Assessment Tools (AAT) prescribed by the faculty handling a course prior to
beginning of the classes.

Semester End Examination (SEE): SEE is written examination for theory. Both CIE and
SEE are given equal (50:50) weightage. The Student's performance in a course shall be judged
individually and together based on the results of CIE and SEE.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title FLUID MECHANICS

Course Code 2 3 B T 3 P C F M E Credits 03 L–T–P 3–0–0

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Knowledge of Engineering Physics and Mathematics.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course provides students with the fundamental knowledge of
momentum transfer and solid-liquid separation operations. This course gives the basic knowledge of fluid-flow
phenomena, kinematics of flow, and various aspects of transportation of fluids and metering of fluids. Basic
concepts of dimensional analysis also included in this course.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The course objective is to make students capable of identifying the various
types of fluids, their flow characteristics and their applications. This course will also enable students to understand
the principle behind various solid-liquid separation processes like filtration, sedimentation and mixing in upstream
and downstream processes. This course will train students to formulate, analyze and solve engineering problems
involving fluid mechanics.

UNIT – 1 FLUID FLOW PHENOMENA [9L]

Significance of Dimensionless groups and constants, Dimensional analysis – Rayleigh’s method,

Buckingham’s π method; Fluid definition and Classification (Newtonian and Non-Newtonian), Newton’s law of
viscosity, Pressure measurement using manometers, Hydrostatic equilibrium, Reynolds experiment, Types of flow-
laminar & turbulent, Flow in Boundary Layers, Conceptual problems.

UNIT – 2 FLOW OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS [10L]

Fluid flow – Continuity and Bernoulli equations, Flow through circular and non-circular conduits- Hagen
Poiseuille equation, Pressure drop through packed bed - Ergun’s equations, Flow through fluidized bed, Conceptual
problems.

UNIT – 3 FLOW MEASUREMENTS [8L]

Flow measurements - Orifice meter, Venturi meter, Rota meter, Performance & Characteristics of Pumps
- Centrifugal & Reciprocating pumps, Energy calculations, Fans, Compressors and Blowers, Conceptual problems.
UNIT – 4 SOLID-LIQUID SEPARATIONS [7L]

Sedimentation & Settling - Batch & Continuous Sedimentation, Stokes law, Terminal settling velocity,
Kynch theory and Thickener design; Filtration - constant rate and constant pressure filtration, Filtration equipment;
Fluidization - Characteristics of fluidized systems, flow through packed beds.

UNIT – 5 MIXING [5L]

Mixing – Principle of mixing (solid-solid, solid-liquid, liquid-liquid), mixing index; Agitators (propeller,
paddle, turbine), Flow patterns (radial and axial flow pattern), Concept of swirling and vortexing, methods to
prevent vortexing; Types of mixers - Sigma Mixer, Ribbon blender, Muller mixer, Tumbler mixer, Banbury mixer:
principle, construction, working; Power number, power consumption in mixing operation.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

PRIMARY REFERENCES

1. Unit operations in Chemical Engineering by McCabe W.L. and Smith J.C. McGraw Hill.
2. Introduction to chemical Engineering by Badger and Banchero. McGraw Hill.

SECONDARY REFERENCE
1. Chemical Engineering-Vols I&II by Coulson and Richardson, Butterworth-heinemann (5th Ed.).
2. Principles of Unit Operations by Foust A.S. Et al, John Wiley & Sons Inc (2nd Ed.).
3. Transfer Processes & Unit Operations by Geankoplis C.J., PHI Publishers (3rd Ed.)
E Books:

1. Unit operations in Chemical Engineering by McCabe W.L. and Smith J.C. McGraw Hill.
(http://www.ualberta.ca/~seyedsha/Ebooks/Unit%20Operations%20Of%20Chemical%20Engineering,%205th%2
0Ed, %20McCabe%20And%20Smith.pdf)

2. Chemical Engineering-Vols I&II by Coulson and Richardson, Butterworth-heinemann

(http://traininghrd.nigc.ir/files/files/chemist%20book%20cd2/chemical%20eng/RICHARDSON,%20J.%20F.%
20(200
2)2/Coulson_Richardsons_Chemical_Engineering_Volume_2.pdf)

MOOCs
1. https://www.edx.org/course/basics-transport-phenomena-delftx-tp101x#!
2. http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/102106027/

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

CO1 Comprehend the concepts of fluid dynamics, solid-liquid separation operations and mixing in
upstream and downstream processes.

CO2 Apply physical principles governing fluid flow types, characteristics, transport systems and
solid-liquid separation operations in chemical and bioprocess industries.

CO3 Identify, interpret and analyze and solve problems based on fluid flow and solid-liquid separation
operations.

CO4 Work individually in exploring applications of fluid mechanics and solid-liquid separation
operations in biotechnology or bioprocess and communicate the findings of the literature as oral
presentations/report submission.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

CO-PO-PSO mapping

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO PO PO

PS O1 PS O2 PS O3
10 11 12
CO 1
1
CO 3 1
2
CO 3 1
3
CO 2 2 1 1
4

ASSESSMENT

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes mid-term tests and other Alternate Assessment Tools
(AAT) prescribed by the faculty handling a course prior to beginning of the classes.

Semester End Examination (SEE): Includes written examination for theory. Both CIE and SEE are
given equal (50:50) weightage. The Student's performance in a course shall be judged individually and together
based on the results of CIE and SEE.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Course Code 2 3 B T 3 P C C M B Credits 03 L–T–P 3– 0 – 0

COURSE PREREQUISITES: Knowledge of basics of cell biology and genetics.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: The Molecular biology course focuses on the molecular aspects of the cell
and its molecular components especially DNA, RNA and protein. The course deals with the application of the cell
structure and its function to the molecular processes. The course relate to all cellular processes involving the genetic
material and its output, viz., replication, transcription, translation, DNA repair and Recombination as well as their
regulation.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The graduates having basic knowledge of cell structure, functions and
genetics can understand the concepts of molecular process and its regulation and gene and global level. The course
thus would provide a background appropriate for applying the knowledge in applied biotechnology such as genetic
engineering, genomics, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, diagnostics, and therapeutics.

UNIT - 1

INTRODUCTION TO CELL & REPLICATION OF DNA [12 L]

Structural differences between pro and eukaryotic cell, Nucleus, Chromosome, genome and their
packaging in Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, Nucleolus and transcription, Chromatin and its relation with
transcription regulation, Role of ER in translation and protein maturation, Golgi and its role in PTM, Plasma
membrane and signal transduction, cytoskeletal elements and their role in molecular processes . Information flow
in biological systems: central dogma and updated central dogma (Retroviral & HIV replication involving reverse
transcriptase as a case study). DNA as the genetic material, cell cycle and linking cell cycle with DNA replication
and regulation. Experiments related to DNA replication, Replication of DNA in pro and eukaryotes: Basic
mechanism including initiation, elongation and termination in Bacteria and Yeast, Inhibitors of replication.

UNIT 2 DNA DAMAGE, REPAIR &

RECOMBINATION [6 L]
DNA Damage and its role in carcinogenesis, Mutations, types, mutagens. DNA Repair, various types.
Genetic recombination in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, Homologous recombination, Holliday junctions, Site-
specific & illegitimate recombination. DNA transposons, retrotransposons, retroviral integration.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT 3

PRO & EUKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTION [9 L]

Genes structure and their function, RNA polymerases (prokaryotes & eukaryotes), mechanism of
transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, general and basal transcription factors, promoters, enhancers, RNA
Processing: exons & introns, splicing, spliceosomes, snRNPs, self-splicing introns, capping, polyadenylation, RNA
editing, transcription inhibitors.
UNIT 4

PRO & EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION [7 L]

Ribosome structure & function, genetic code, Mechanism of translation, activation of amino acid
initiation, elongation and termination of protein synthesis. Post and Co-translational modifications, folding and
maturation, translocation, Protein Misfolding disorders, inhibitors of translation.
UNIT 5

GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION [5 L]

Gene regulation in mono and polycistronic genes, Operon models: gal, lac, trp; positive versus negative
regulation, Chromatin structure & regulation, histone modifiers, coactivators & corepressors, transcriptional
control.
CO Course Outcome PO PO P P P P P P P P P P PS PS PSO
1 2 O O O O O O O O O O O1 O2 3
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO 1 Understand the structure
and function of bio
molecules and their
interactions
CO 2 Compare & 3 2
contrast basic molecular
processes in
prokaryotes &
eukaryotes.
CO 3 Interpret the outcomes of 2
the knowledge of
mutations and genetic
recombination.
CO 4 Apply the knowledge of 2 1
molecular
mechanisms to disease
states and treatment via
antibiotics.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

CO Demonstrate 2 2 2
5 cellular
procedures
using
research
based
knowledge
and
communicat
e effectively.

AAT:CO5: Demonstrate cellular procedures using research based knowledge and communicate
effectively.
1. Study of mitosis from onion root tips (DNA replication).
2. Study of meiosis from onion flower buds (DNA recombination).
3. Differential staining of blood cells (Distinguishing normal and diseased state of cells )
4. Banding of Polytene chromosomes in Drosophila .(Transcription)
PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Bruce Alberts Garland Science Pub.
2. Cell and Molecular Biology by Gerald Karp, John Wiley & Sons.
3. Genes VIII/IX/X/XII by Lewin
SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. Cell and Molecular Biology by Lodish, Freeman pub.
2. Molecular Cell Biology by Darnell and Baltimore.
e- books
1. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Bruce Alberts Garland Science Pub. http://bit.ly/MolBioCell5thPDFFree
2. Molecular Biology by David Freifelder https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL773152A/David_Freifelder

MOOCs
1. http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/102103012/
2. https://www.mooc-list.com/tags/biotechnology
3. http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology

ASSESSMENT: Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes mid-term tests, weekly/fortnightly class tests,
homework, assignments, problem solving, group discussions, quiz, seminar, mini- project and other Alternate
Assessment Tools (AAT) prescribed by the faculty handling a course prior to beginning of the classes.
Semester End Examination (SEE): written examination for theory.
Both CIE and SEE are given equal (50:50) weightage. The Student's performance in
a course shall be judged individually and together based on the results of CIE and SEE.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title MICROBIOLOGY

Course Code 2 3 B T 3 P C M B G Credits 04 L–T–P 3-0-1

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50% weightage)

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Basics of biology, Biology for Engineers.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: The tiny microbes play essential role in each and everyone’s life. This course will
enable students to understand the diverse nature of microbial world. Also focusses on morphological and
functional
properties of Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses. Uses laboratory experiments that stress aseptic techniques and that
develop
skills necessary to handle microbes, including the characterization of unknown microbes.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The course emphasizes on historical perspective, types and distinctive features of tiny
microbes. It deals with microscopic observations, invitro culturing, determination of growth and study of physico
-chemical properties of various microorganisms. The course also provides knowledge of distinctive metabolic
activities of microbes and their control.

PARA: THEORY UNIT 1

DISTINCTIVE FEATURES AND OBSERVATION OF MICROORGANISMS [8L]

History of Microbiology, the Scope of Microbiology, Microbial diversity And Taxonomy (Numerical,
Phylogenetic and Molecular approaches), Types of Microorganisms.
MICROSCOPY: Basic principle, microscopic parameters (resolving power, NA, magnification), Types:
Bright-Field Microscopy, Dark-Field Microscopy, Phase-Contrast Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy (principle, ray diagram, procedure and applications). Numerical questions on resolving power.

UNIT – 2

MICROBIAL NUTRITION AND GROWTH [10L]

The morphology and ultra-structure of Bacteria: Gram +ve, Gram –ve and Archaebacteria, Nutritional
requirements: Basic nutrients, classification, culture media and types. Culturing of Bacteria: Types (pure culture
techniques), Bacterial Growth: Growth curve, calculation of generation time, factors affecting growth, Measurement
of growth: Direct and indirect methods, numerical questions in SPC, DMC and
DCW.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT – 3

MICROBIAL REPRODUCTION AND METABOLISM [9L]

Bacterial reproduction: Binary fission and Genetic recombination in bacteria, Fungi: Salient
features, morphology, classification and reproduction. Viruses: general characteristics, classification and
nomenclature, morphology and replication (of bacterial, plant and animal viruses in general).
Microbial Metabolism-overview of Metabolic pathways (Glycolysis, HMP, ED pathway,
alcohol and acid fermentation-homo & heterolactic, mixed acid), Primary and secondary Metabolites-
brief mention with examples and applications.

UNIT - 4 CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS [7L]

Physical methods: Terminology, Microbial death curve, Physical methods: Heat, filtration, radiation,
osmotic pressure, low temperature (instruments involved), Chemical methods: (Phenol & Phenolic
compounds, Alcohols, Halogens, Dyes, Detergents, Aldehydes, Heavy metals, etc), Antibiotics and their
mechanism of action.

UNIT – 5

APPLICATIONS OF MICROORGANISMS [5L]

Microbes in Agriculture: Recycling of Nutrients, Biofertilizers, Biopesticides, Aquatic

Microbiology: microbial fauna of fresh and marine water, Microbes in Food industry: As food
contaminants, Food processing, Microbes as food (Yeast and SCP).

TEXT BOOKS:
1. General Microbiology, Michael j Pelczar, Chan and Krieg, Tata McGraw Hill Pub
2. Industrial Microbiology, Prescott and Dunn, CBSPub. (4th Ed.)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. General Microbiology, Stanier, John Ingraham and Mark Wheelis, Mac- Millan Pub.
2. Microbiology an Introduction, Tortora, Funke and Case. Pearson education.
3. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant pathology and Biotechnology,, K.R.Aneja(4th ed.)

e- books:
1. http://www.austincc.edu/rohde/noteref.htm
2. http://www.freebookcentre.net/medical_books_download/Medical-Microbiology.html
3. http://books.pakchem.net/microbiology-books.html
MOOCs:
1. https://www.mooc-list.com
2. https://www.mysliderule.com/topic/microbiology
Online courses: http://www.onlinecollegecourses.com

20
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

ASSESSMENT
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): includes mid-term tests, weekly/fortnightly class
tests, homework assignments, problem solving, group discussions, quiz, seminar, mini- project and other
Alternate Assessment Tools (AAT) prescribed by the faculty handling a course prior to beginning of the
classes.

Semester End Examination (SEE): written examination for theory courses and
practical/design examination with built-in oral part (Viva-Voce). Both CIE and SEE are given equal
(50:50) weightage. The Student's performance in a course shall be judged individually and together based
on the results of CIE and SEE.

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs):

(CO)
PO COURSE Description
OUTCOMES
PO1 Understand the working principle of microscopes,
PO2 CO 1 classification systems and metabolic diversity of
microorganisms.
Analyse and determine the growth, invitro culturing techniques,
PO2 CO 2 physicochemical properties and controlling of microorganisms.
Select and apply appropriate microorganisms and their value-added
PO2 CO 3
products in various applications
Conduct experiments, analyse and interpret the data pertain to
PO4 CO 4 biochemical and metabolic potential of microorganisms.
PO5,
PO7, CO5 Design a project, collect data, interpret results, make a report and
PO9,PO10, communicate effectively.
PO12

Mapping of COs with POs

PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO 10 PO 11 PO 12

CO

2
CO1
2
CO2 3
CO3 3
CO4 3
CO5 3 2 3 2 2

21
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

ASSESSMENT: Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes mid-term tests, weekly/fortnightly class tests,
homework, assignments, problem solving, group discussions, quiz, seminar, mini- project and other Alternate
Assessment Tools (AAT) prescribed by the faculty handling a course prior to beginning of the classes.
Semester End Examination (SEE): written examination for theory. Both CIE and SEE are given equal
(50:50)weightage.
The Student's performance in a course shall be judged individually and together based on the results of
CIE and SEE.

22
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title BASICS OF BIOMOLECULES

Course Code 2 3 B T 3 P C B B M Credits 03 L–T–P 2 – 1 –0

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50%

weightage)

COURSE PREREQUISITES: Knowledge of chemistry, Mathematics and Basics of Biology.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course describes the structures of important biological

molecules along with the basic concepts of organic and solution chemistry.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course is a foundation course needed to understand the

concepts of Biochemistry & Bioenergetics, Bio analytical Techniques, Enzyme Technology, Molecular
Biology, Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics & Metabolic Engineering.

UNIT - 1 BASIC CONCEPTS & STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATES [6L+3T]

Structure and properties of water, pH and buffers. Derivation and numerical on Henderson Hasselbach
equation
Carbohydrates: Introduction, classification into mono, oligo and polysaccharides,
Classification of monosaccharides based on number of carbon atoms and functional groups. Isomerism:
D & L and R and S system of nomenclature. Fischer and Haworth formula, pyranose and furanose
structures, anomers and epimers. Structure and function of simple sugars: mono and disaccharides, homo
and hetero polysaccharides, glycoconjugates (Proteoglycans , glycoproteins , glycolipids)

UNIT - 2 STRUCTURE OF LIPIDS [4L+2T]

Lipids: Introduction, sources, nomenclature, classification, properties and functions. Derived lipids:
phospholipids, glycolipids, and waxes. Steroids: structure and biological role.

UNIT – 3 STRUCTURE OF AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS [6L+3T]

Introduction, classification, optical isomerism, polyionic nature, zwitterions, pKa and pI,
peptide bond formation and properties, classification of proteins, levels of protein structure, determination
of primary structure (sequencing strategies)

UNIT - 4 STRUCTURE AND CONFORMATION ANALYSIS OF PROTEINS [8L+4T]

Conformational analysis and forces that determine proteins structures, geometries, phi, psi and
omega angles, Ramachandran or steric contour diagram, potential energy calculations, allowed chi angles
of side chains in proteins, hydrogen bonding, disulphide bonds, salt bridges, hydrophobic interactions,
alpha helices, beta sheets, helix to coil transition, general features and thermodynamic aspects of protein
folding and folding kinetics, protein-ligand interactions, Scatchard plot, cooperative interactions,
allosteric effects, Hill constant, Relationship between the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of
proteins, fibrous proteins (structure of collagen and keratin), Quaternary structures with Hemoglobin as
an example.

UNIT - 5 STRUCTURE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS [4L+1T]

General characteristics of nucleic acid structure, geometries, glycosidic bond, rotational
isomers, ribose puckering, A, B and Z forms forms of DNA, base pairing, base stacking, tertiary structure

23
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

of nucleic acids, intramolecular interactions in the double helix, thermodynamics of melting of DNA,
interaction with small ions, protein–DNA/RNA interactions.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox, W.H. Freeman and company
(5th Ed.)
2.Biochemistry by Voet and Voet, Wiley New York

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Principles of Biochemistry by Lubert Stryer Freeman (Int. Ed.)
2. Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure by Sanger, Springer Verlag
3. Principles of Protein Structure by G Schulz and R H Schrimer, Springer Verlag
4. An introduction to Practical Biochemistry by David T. Plummer, Tata Mc Graw Hill.( 3rd Ed.) 5.
Experimental Biochemistry by Beedu Sashidhar Rao and Vijay Deshpande, I.K. International Pvt.Ltd. e-
books:

1. https://archive.org/details/LehningersPrinciples of Biochemistry5e
2.http://www.tok.ro/toksite/downloads/Bioinformatika/Konyvek/biokemia,%20sejtbiologia%20%2
0konyvek/Stryer%20Biochemistry.pdf

MOOCs:
1. https://www.mooc-list.com/initiative/saylororg?static=true
2. https://www.mooc-list.com/course/principles-biochemistry-edx?static=true
3. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/1021050
COURSE OUTCOMES (COs):
At the end of the course the students will be able to :

(CO) Descriptor
COUR
SE
OUTC
OMES
CO 1 Understand and explain the physiochemical properties and structural confirmations of biomo
lecules
CO 2 Apply the concept of solution chemistry to compute the numerical related to preparation of
solutions and buffers
CO3 Analyse the structural and functional aspects of biomolecules based on the given data

CO4 Co-relate and demonstrate the structural and functional aspects of biomolecules (AAT ) by
models/charts etc.

24
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Mapping of COs with POs and PSOs

P PS PS PS
O P P P P P P P P P P P P O1 O2 O3
C O O O O O O O O O O O O
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1
1 2
C 3
O
1
C 3 3
O
2
C 3
O 3
3
C 3 3 2 3
O 3
4

ASSESSMENT: Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes mid-term tests, weekly/fortnightly class tests,
homework, assignments, problem solving, group discussions, quiz, seminar and other Alternate Assessment Tools
(AAT) prescribed by the faculty handling a course prior to beginning of the classes.
Semester End Examination (SEE): written examination for theory. Both CIE and SEE are given equal (50:50)
weightage. The Student's performance in a course shall be judged individually and together based on the results of CIE
and SEE

25
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Code Universal Human Values Course Name 22MA3AEUHV/

22MA4AEUHV
Credits 01 L-T-P 0-1-0
Total Number of hours 15

Course Objectives:
To develop a holistic perspective based on self-exploration about themselves (human being), family,
society and nature/existence. Understanding (or developing clarity) of the harmony in the human being, family,
society and nature/existence.

UNIT – 1

Module 1: Course Introduction - Need, Basic Guidelines, Content and Process for Value Education
1. Purpose and motivation for the course, recapitulation from Universal Human Values-I
2. Self-Exploration–what is it? - Its content and process; ‘Natural Acceptance’and Experiential Validation-
as the process for self-exploration
3. Continuous Happiness and Prosperity- A look at basic Human Aspirations
4. Right understanding, Relationship and Physical Facility- the basic requirements for fulfilment of
aspirations of every human being with their correct priority
5. Understanding Happiness and Prosperity correctly- A critical appraisal of the current scenario
6. Method to fulfil the above human aspirations: understanding and living in harmony at various levels.
Include practice sessions to discuss natural acceptance in human being as the innate acceptance for
living with responsibility (living in relationship, harmony and co-existence) rather than as arbitrariness in
choice based on liking- disliking

UNIT – 2
Understanding Harmony in the Human Being - Harmony in Myself!
1. Understanding human being as a co-existence of the sentient ‘I’ and the material ‘Body’
2. Understanding the needs of Self (‘I’) and ‘Body’ - happiness and physical facility
3. Understanding the Body as an instrument of ‘I’ (I being the doer, seer and enjoyer)
4. Understanding the characteristics and activities of ‘I’ and harmony in ‘I’
5. Understanding the harmony of I with the Body: Sanyam and Health; correct appraisal of Physical needs,
meaning of Prosperity in detail
6. Programs to ensure Sanyam and Health.
Include practice sessions to discuss the role others have played in making material goods available to
me. Identifying from one’s own life. Differentiate between prosperity and accumulation. Discuss program for
ensuring health vs dealing with disease

26
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT – 3

Understanding Harmony in the Family and Society- Harmony in Human- Human Relationship
1. Understanding values in human-human relationship; meaning of Justice (nine universal values in relationships)
and program for its fulfilment to ensure mutual happiness; Trust and Respect as the foundational values of
relationship
a Understanding the meaning of Trust; Difference between intention and competence
b Understanding the meaning of Respect, Difference between respect and differentiation; the other salient
values in relationship
c Understanding the harmony in the society (society being an extension of family): Resolution, Prosperity,
fearlessness (trust) and co-existence as comprehensive Human Goals.
d Visualizing a universal harmonious order in society- Undivided Society, Universal Order- from family to
world family. Include practice sessions to reflect on relationships in family, hostel and institute as extended
family, real life examples, teacher-student relationship, goal of education etc. Gratitude as a universal
value in relationships. Discuss with scenarios. Elicit examples from students’ lives

UNIT – 4
Understanding Harmony in the Nature and Existence - Whole existence as Coexistence
1. Understanding the harmony in the Nature
2. Holistic perception of harmony at all levels of existence. Include practice sessions to discuss human
being as cause of imbalance in nature (film “Home” can be used), pollution, depletion of resources and
role of technology etc.

UNIT – 5

Implications of the above Holistic Understanding of Harmony on Professional Ethics

1. Natural acceptance of human values
2. Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct

Include practice Exercises and Case Studies will be taken up in Practice (tutorial) Sessions eg. To discuss
the conduct as an engineer or scientist etc.
At the end of the course, the student will have the ability to

Conduct self-exploration and distinguish between values and skills, happiness

CO1 and accumulation of physical facilities, the self and the body, Intension and
Competence of an individual
Analyse the value of harmonious relationship based on trust and respect in
CO2 personal and professional life

Examine the role of a human being in ensuring harmony in society and nature
CO3

CO4 Apply the understanding of ethics in life and profession

27
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

ASSESSMENT
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes one CIE ( MCQ)and 3 AAT’s and attendance evaluation.
Assessment Tools (AAT) prescribed by the faculty handling a course prior to beginning of the classes.
Semester End Examination (SEE): Both CIE and SEE are given equal (50:50) weightage. The Student's
performance in a course shall be judged individually and together based on the results of CIE and SEE.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Human Values and Professional Ethics by R R Gaur, R Sangal, G P Bagaria, Excel Books, New
Delhi, 2010
REFERENCE MATERIAL:

1. Jeevan Vidya: Ek Parichaya, A Nagaraj, Jeevan Vidya Prakashan, Amarkantak, 1999.

2. Human Values, A.N. Tripathi, New Age Intl. Publishers, New Delhi, 2004.
3. The Story of Stuff (Book).
4. The Story of My Experiments with Truth - by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
5. Small is Beautiful - E. F Schumacher.
6. Slow is Beautiful - Cecile Andrews
7. Economy of Permanence - J C Kumarappa
8. Bharat Mein Angreji Raj – PanditSunderlal
9. Rediscovering India - by Dharampal
10. Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule - by Mohandas K. Gandhi
11. India Wins Freedom - Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
12. Vivekananda - Romain Rolland (English)

28
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Title LAB
Course Code 2 3 B T 3 A E F B L Credits L–T–P 0 –0– 1

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50% weightage)

Practical (2hrs/week)
1. Calculation, and preparation of normal, molar and percentage solutions.
2. Preparation of buffers (0.1M citrate buffer, 0.1M phosphate buffer, 0.1M tris buffer)
3. Determination of pH using pH meter.
4. Determination of pKa value of amino acid using pH meter.
5. Qualitative analysis of Carbohydrate and Lipids.
6. Qualitative test for Amino acids and Proteins
7. Determination of iodine value of lipids.
8. Determination of saponification value of lipids
9. Study of stages of Mitosis using onion root tip
10. Study of stages of Meiosis in onion flower buds/grasshopper testes
11. Isolation of chloroplast pigments from spinach leaves.
12. Isolation of protoplast from plant tissue

Mapping of COs with POs& PSOs

PSO1 PSO2 PSO 3
PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO 10 PO PO 12
11
3
CO1
3

PO4 CO 1 Design, conduct experiments related to solution chemistry, quantitative

analysis of biomolecules, cell and its processes followed with analysis and
interpretation of data

ASSESSMENT
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes continuous evaluation for each experiment
for conduction, record and viva.
Semester End Examination (SEE): Includes laboratory examination that includes program/ code
writing and conduction of given experiment and viva.

29
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY

Course Code 2 3 B T 3 P C M B L Credits 01 L–T–P 0–0–1

Experiments

1. Laboratory rules, General instruments (Microscope, Autoclave, Hot air oven, Incubator, LAF) and other
requirements in Microbiology laboratory.
2. Media preparation, plugging and sterilization. (NA/NB, PDA/PDB, MRBA, EMB agar, Blood agar, Mac
Conkey agar).
3. Pure culture techniques (serial dilution, pour plate, spread plate and streak plate methods).
4. Isolation and characterization of Microbes from soil, Water and Air.
5. Examination of microorganisms from hand, nail, tooth scrapings and rotten fruits and vegetables.
6. Enumeration of microbes (Bacteria and Fungi) by DMC, SPC and Turbidometry.
7. Examination of living microbes by TWM technique, Hanging drop technique (Bacteria and Protozoa).
8. Staining techniques: Simple staining, Gram staining and endospore staining for Bacteria and Lacto phenol
cotton blue staining for fungi.
9. Biochemical Tests (Starch hydrolysis, Gelatin liquefaction, MPN, Catalase and IMViC tests).
10. Measurement of growth and factors influencing growth of microbes (Determination by dry weight, effect of
TDT and TDP, size determination by Micrometry).
11. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria.
12. Alcoholic and mixed acid fermentation.

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB

Lab manual by Faculty.

Experiments in Microbiology. K.R. Aneja, 3rd Edition.

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

CO1 Conduct experiments, analyse and characterise and characterise the microbes
isolated from different environments.

CO-PO-PSO mapping

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PS PS PS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 O1 O2 O3
CO 1 3
1

ASSESSMENT

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes continuous evaluation for each experiment for
conduction, record and viva.

30
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Semester End Examination (SEE): Includes laboratory examination that includes program/ code
writing and conduction of given experiment and viva.
Experiments
1. A Program to implement Data Definition language
2. A Program to implementation on Data manipulation language 3. A Program to
implement Nested Queries & Join Queries
4. Perl programs for on fundamentals.
5. Perl programs for Bioinformatics applications.
6. Python programs on fundamentals.
7. Python programs on machine learning.
8. Python programs on Modeling and simulation
9. MATLAB programming on fundamentals.
10. MATLAB programming on Bioinformatics Toolbox and Simbiology.

31
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB

Lab manual by Faculty

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

CO1 Conduct experiments to create and access the databases, execute the Perl scripts for various
biological and allied applications and analyze the datasets using Python and MATLAB.

CO-PO-PSO mapping

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO
PS O1 PS O2 PS O3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO 3 3
1

ASSESSMENT

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes continuous evaluation for each experiment for
conduction, record and viva.

Semester End Examination (SEE): Includes laboratory examination that includes program/ code
writing and conduction of given experiment and viva.

Course Title FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY

Course Code 2 3 B T 3 P C F M L Credits 01 L–T–P 0–0–1

Experiments

1. Friction in circular pipes

2. Flow rate measurement using venturi meter
3. Flow rate measurement using orifice meter
4. Characteristics of centrifugal Pumps
5. Flow through packed bed
6. Flow through fluidized bed
7. Batch sedimentation
8. Filtration in leaf filter
9. Rotary evaporator
10. Double pipe heat exchanger

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB

Lab manual by Faculty

32
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

CO1 Conduct experiments on momentum transfer, and solid-liquid separation processes and
interpret the data.

CO-PO-PSO mapping

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PS PS PS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 O1 O2 O3
CO 3 2
1

ASSESSMENT

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes continuous evaluation for each experiment for
conduction, calculations & result analysis, record and viva.

Semester End Examination (SEE): Includes laboratory examination that includes procedure writing
and conduction of given experiment, calculations & result analysis and viva.

33
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

4th Semester

34
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

FOURTH SEMESTER B.E. COURSE (BT)

Course Title Biostatistics and Design of Experiments Course Code 23MA4BSBDE
Credits 3 L–T–P 2-1-0
Contact hours 40

Pre-requisites:
● Basic concepts of Statistics
● Basic concepts of Probability- addition theorem, conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem, discrete
random variable - Binomial distribution.

Course Objectives:
● Student will get acquainted with the procedure of collecting, designing, analyzing and drawing inference
about the data.
● To understand the fundamentals of design and the methods of optimization.

Teaching-Learning Process (General Instructions)

The sample strategies, which the teacher can use to accelerate the attainment of the various
course outcomes are listed in the following:
● Explanation via real life problem, situation modelling, and deliberation of solutions, hands-on sessions,
reflective and questioning /inquiry-based teaching.
● Instructions with interactions in classroom lectures (physical/hybrid).
● Use of ICT tools, including YouTube videos, related MOOCs, AR/VR/MR tools.
● Flipped classroom sessions (~10% of the classes).
● Industrial visits, Guests talks and competitions for learning beyond the syllabus.
● Students’ participation through audio-video based content creation for the syllabus (as assignments).
● Use of gamification tools (in both physical/hybrid classes) for creative learning outcomes.
● Students’ seminars (in solo or group) /oral presentations.

UNIT-1
STATISTICS & PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS [08 hours]
Curve fitting: y = a + bx , y = a + bx + cx2 , y = abx ; Correlation and regression; Introduction
to Probability; Discrete distribution - Poisson; Continuous distributions - Normal.
Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and talk method / PowerPoint Presentation
UNIT-2
STATISTICAL INFERENCE – I [08 hours]
Introduction - Sampling, Estimation – point, interval; Construction of confidence
interval; Procedure for testing of hypothesis- level of significance. Test of significance for single
proportion [Large sample], difference between two proportions [Large sample], ratio of
variances (F- distribution), Chi -Square distribution-goodness of fit.
Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and talk method / PowerPoint Presentation

35
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT-3
STATISTICAL INFERENCE – II [COMPARISON OF MEANS] [08 hours]
Parametric test - Test of significance for single mean & difference of two means [Small & large
sample], paired t- test, Analysis of variance (one-way).
Non-parametric test - Kruskal Wallis One Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks, Wilcoxon
Signed Rank Test, Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney Test.

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and talk method / PowerPoint Presentation

UNIT-4
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: [08 hours]
Types of variables, measure of spread, logarithmic transformations, multivariate data. Basics
of study design, cohort studies, model fitting.

Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and talk method / PowerPoint Presentation

UNIT-5
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS [08 hours]
Principles of experimental design, Randomized block design, Completely Randomized
block design, Latin Square Design, Factorial Experiments with case studies.
Teaching-Learning Process Chalk and talk method / PowerPoint Presentation

On completion of the course, student will have the ability to:

CO# Course Outcomes PO Strength
Analyze and interpret the statistical data for bioscience and allied
CO1 engineering. 1,2 3
Design and demonstrate the use of Statistical tools to analyze the real-
CO2 world examples of bioscience and allied engineering as a team. 5,9,10 3
Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)

Type of Max. 50 %
Component assessment Marks Total Weightage Total
Quiz 10 5

CIE – AAT 10 5
50
Theory 100
Test 1 40 20
Test 2 40 20
SEE End Exam 100 50

CIE methods /question paper is designed to attain the different levels of Bloom’s taxonomy as per the
outcome defined for the course.

SEMESTER END EXAMINATION:

• Each unit consists of one full question.
• Five full questions to be answered.
• To set one question from Units 2, 4, 5 and two questions from Units 1 and 3.

36
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Text Books:
• Alvin E. Lewis, Biostatistics, McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing 2013.
• T. P. Chapman, Statistical Analysis of Gene Expression Microarray Data CRC 2003.
• John F. Monahan, Numerical Methods of Statistics (Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic
Mathematics), Cambridge University Press, 2011.
• Warren J. Ewens, Gregory Grant, Statistical Methods in Bioinformatics: An Introduction (Statistics for Biology
and Health), Springer. 2010. • P. S. S. Sundar Rao and J. Richard, An introduction to Biostatistics, 4 th edition,
2006, Prentice Hall of India.
E-books and online course materials:
1. VTU EDUSAT / SWAYAM / NPTEL / MOOCS / Coursera / MIT-open learning resource
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Q6_LRZwZrc
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPt2DubVJQM
4. https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=biostatistics
5. https://www.edx.org/learn/biostatistics
6. https://www.classcentral.com/subject/biostatistics.

37
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE TITLE PROCESS ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

COURSE CODE 23 B T 4 E S P E T Credits 04 L-T-P 2-1-0

100 marks
CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE
(50% weightage)

COURSE PREREQUISITES: Knowledge of Engineering Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: Basic thermodynamic concepts and associated conceptual engineering

problems are covered in this course. The fundamental definition and evolution of thermodynamic laws are covered in
this course. The course also emphasizes fluid properties and PVT behavior of pure fluids. Additionally, it will describe
the fundamental concepts of chemical equilibrium, phase equilibria, bioenergetics, and heterogeneous reaction
equilibria.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The objective of the course is to prepare the students to understand and apply
the various concepts in thermodynamics in biochemical engineering processes.

UNIT – 1 BASIC CONCEPTS AND LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

[6L+3T]

System, Surroundings & Processes, Open & Closed systems, State properties, Intensive & Extensive
Properties, State & Path functions, Equilibrium state & Phase Rule, Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics,
Reversible & Irreversible processes, First Law of Thermodynamics, Heat Capacity, Heat reservoirs & Heat Engines,
Second Law of thermodynamics, Concept of entropy, Carnot Principle, Calculation of entropy changes, Clausius
inequality, Entropy & irreversibility, Third law of Thermodynamics.

UNIT – 2 PVT BEHAVIOUR AND COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS

[4L+2T]

PVT Behavior of pure fluids, Equations of state & Ideal gas law, Processes involving ideal gas law: Constant
volume, Constant pressure, Constant temperature, Adiabatic and Polytrophic processes, Equations of state for real
gases: Vander Waals equation, Redlich-Kwong equation, Peng-Robinson equation, Virial equation, Principles of
corresponding states, Generalized compressibility charts

UNIT – 3 PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS AND PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS

[7L+3T]
Work function, Gibbs free energy, Relationships among thermodynamic properties: Exact differential equations,
Fundamental property relations, Maxwell’s equations, Clapeyron equations, relationships between Cp and Cv, Gibbs-
Helmholtz equation, Fugacity, fugacity coefficient, effect of temperature & pressure on fugacity, Determination of
fugacity of pure gas, Fugacity of solids and liquids, Activity: Effect of temperature and pressure on activity, Partial molar
properties, chemical potential, fugacity in solutions, Henry’s law and dilute solutions, Activity in solutions, activity
coefficients, Gibbs- Duhem equation.

38
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT – 4 PHASE EQUILIBRIA

[4L+3T]

Criteria of phase equilibria, Criterion of stability, Vapour-Liquid Equilibria (VLE) in ideal solutions, NonIdeal
solutions, Liquid-Liquid equilibrium, Calculation of activity coefficients, consistency check for VLE data.

UNIT – 5 BIOCHEMICAL ENERGETICS

[5L+2T]

Reaction stoichiometry, Criteria of biochemical reaction equilibrium, Equilibrium constant & standard free
energy change, Effect of temperature, Pressure on equilibrium constants and other factors affecting equilibrium
conversion, Heterogeneous bioreaction equilibria, Phase rule for reacting systems. Heat evolution in aerobic
cultures, thermodynamics of denaturation in proteins, coupled reactions.

Bibliography

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics by Smith J. M., Van Ness H.

C. McGraw Hill (6th Ed.), 2003.

2. A Textbook of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics by Narayanan K. V., Ed 1.

PHI publishers (1st Ed.), 2001.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Stanley I Sandler, Chemical, Biochemical and Engineering Thermodynamics, 4th Ed., Wiley Publishers,
2006.
2. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics by Rao Y. V. C., New Age International.
3. Engineering Thermodynamics by Jones J. B., Hawkins. , John Wiley & Sons Inc.
e-books:
1. Engineering thermodynamics by P K Nag.
2. Engineering thermodynamics by Tarik Al Shemmeri.

MOOCs:
1.www. nptel. ac. in -biotechnology-thermodynamics www.ocw.mit.edu-
thermodynamics and kinetics.

39
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs):

COs Description

CO 1 Apply the thermodynamic principles in physical, chemical and biological systems

CO 2 Interpret the condition of thermodynamic systems using ideal gas and real gas
equations
CO 3 Analyze the problems related to phase and biochemical reaction equilibria.

CO 4 Design solution for issues related to thermodynamics for given chemical or bio-
processes.
CO5 Review literature related to biochemical thermodynamics and analyze the
problems individually.

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PS PS PS
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 O1 O2 O3

CO 3 1
1

CO 3 1
2

CO 3 2
3

CO 1 1
4

CO 2 2 1 1
5

ASSESSMENT:
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): includes mid-term tests, weekly/fortnightly class tests, homework
assignments, problem solving, group discussions, quiz, seminar, mini- project and other Alternate Assessment
Tools (AAT) prescribed by the faculty handling a course prior to beginning of the classes.
Semester End Examination (SEE): written examination for theory. Both CIE and SEE are given
equal (50:50) weightage. The Student's performance in a course shall be judged individually and
together based on the results of CIE and SEE.

40
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOENERGETICS

Course Code 2 3 B T 4 P C B A B Credits 0 L–T–P 2 –1– 0

3
CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50% weightage)

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Knowledge of organic chemistry and Basics of Biomolecules

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course describes the major metabolic pathways and their bioenergetics.
COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course is a foundation course needed to understand the concepts of
Metabolic Engineering, Enzyme Technology, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics.

UNIT – 1 PRINCIPLES OF BIOENERGETICS [6L+3T]

High energy compounds, Structure and properties of ATP, Thermodynamic concepts, Free energy change
and equilibrium constant, Coupling reactions, Free energy and oxidation–reduction potential, Bio-energetic inter
conversions and associated thermodynamic constraints, Simple numerical.

UNIT – 2 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM [8L+4T]

Introduction, Glycolysis: pathway, regulation and bioenergetics, Gluconeogenesis: pathway regulation
and bioenergetics, Glycogen metabolism: degradation, synthesis, regulation and bioenergetics, Hexose
interconversions, TCA cycle: pathway, regulation and bioenergetics, Amphibolic and Anaplerotic reactions, HMP
pathway, Glyoxylate pathway, Structure and functions of electron carriers of ETC, Respiration and ATP formation
in mitochondria, Electron transport chain, Oxidative phosphorylation, Energetics of Electron transport chain, Ion-
electrochemical potential difference calculations, Malate-Aspartate shuttle system.

UNIT – 3 PHOTOSYNTHESIS [4L+1T]

Introduction, Chloroplast/thylakoid structure, Photosynthetic apparatus, Photosynthetic reaction centre,
Hill reaction, Light reaction, Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation, CO2 assimilation reaction, C4and CAM
pathways, Photorespiration.

UNIT – 4 LIPID METABOLISM [6L+3T]

Digestion, mobilization and transport of fats, Oxidation of saturated fatty acid & its Energetics, Formation
of ketone bodies and their oxidation, Biosynthesis of fatty acid: fatty acid synthase complex, biosynthesis of
palmitate and its energetics, Biosynthesis of phospholipids and their Energetics, Biosynthesis of cholesterol and its
regulation.

UNIT – 5 NITROGEN METABOLISM [4L+2T]

Overview of amino acid catabolism in mammals: transamination (mechanism of transamination involving
PLP to be included), oxidative deamination, Nitrogen excretion, Urea cycle and its energetics, Overview of
Biosynthesis of amino acids, Biosynthesis of amino acids of oxaloacetate family.
Biosynthesis of nucleotides: de novo purine nucleotide synthesis (AMP and GMP), de novo pyrimidine
nucleotide synthesis (UTP, CTP and dTTP), Regulation of biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides,
Recycling of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides by salvage pathway, Catabolism of purine and pyrimidine
nucleotides.

41
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox, W.H. Freeman and company
(5th Ed.)
2. Principles of Biochemistry by Lubert Stryer (Freeman Int. Edition)
3.Lab manual by Faculty
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Biochemistry by Voet and Voet, Wiley New York
2. Biochemistry by Garett and Grisham, Thompson Learning
3. Bioenergetics by David.G.Nicolls and Styart J. Ferquson, Academic Press, Elsevier
4. An introduction to Practical Biochemistry by David T. Plummer, Tata Mc Graw Hill (3rd Ed.)
5. Experimental Biochemistry by Beedu Sashidhar Rao and Vijay Deshpande, I.K. International Pvt. Ltd.
e-books
1. https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Bioenergetics.html?id=0_9EWX1fg8wC&redir_esc=y
2. https://archive.org/details/LehningersPrinciplesOfBiochemistry5e
MOOCs
1. https://www.mooc-list.com/course/principles-biochemistry-edx?static=true
2. http://nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=102101002

Mapping of COs with POs &PSOs

PO CO PO1 PO PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO 10 PO 11 PO 12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
2
CO1 3

CO2 3 3

CO3 3
3
CO4 3
3

42
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs):

(CO) Descriptor
COURSE
OUTCOMES
CO 1 Understand the basic aspects of metabolic pathways of proteins, nucleic
acids, lipids, and carbohydrates
CO 2 Apply the principles of thermodynamics to compute the bioenergetics of
metabolic pathways in living systems
CO 3 Analyse metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
through various anabolic and catabolic pathways
CO4 Evaluate the role of key metabolic reactions and intermediates in the
regulation of pathways and their mode of regulation

ASSESSMENT: Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes mid-term tests, weekly/fortnightly class tests,
homework, assignments, problem solving, group discussions, quiz, seminar, mini- project and other Alternate
Assessment Tools (AAT) prescribed by the faculty handling a course prior to beginning of the classes. Semester End
Examination (SEE): written examination for theory. Both CIE and SEE are given equal (50:50) weightage. The
Student's performance in a course shall be judged individually and together based on the results of CIE and SEE

43
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Course Title GENETIC ENGINEERING THEORY

Course Code 2 3 B T 4 P C G E N Credits 0 L–T–P 3 –0–0

3

COURSE PREREQUISITES: Cell & molecular biology, Biochemistry, Basics of

Biomolecules, Microbiology.
COURSE DESCRIPTION: The course describes various tools and techniques available for
detection,isolation, amplification and manipulation of genes. The course deals with the biological,
chemical and physical gene transfer methods as well as factors influencing gene expression. The course
concludes with the applications of genetic engineering in production of GMOs.
COURSE OBJECTIVES: To impart in depth knowledge on strategies of gene cloning and its
applications as well as giving hands on experience in gene manipulation.

UNIT – 1
MOLECULAR TOOLS FOR GENE CLONING [6L]
Scope and objectives of gene cloning, Method of creating recombinant DNA molecules;
Enzymes for gene manipulation: Nucleases (exo- and endonucleases, RNAses), polymerases (DNA and
RNA polymerases, reverse transcriptases), Ligases, Restriction enzymes, Modifying enzymes: Alkaline
phosphatases, polynucleotide kinases, terminal transferases. Methylases: CpGMethylase, Dam Methylase,
DcmMethylase, Linkers and adaptors.
UNIT - 2
VECTORS FOR GENE CLONING [10L]
Purpose, rationale of construction, cloning vectors: bacterial (plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids,
phagemids), yeast (yEPs, yIPs, yRPs, YACs), Shuttle vectors, viral vectors (retro and adeno), Plant vectors
(Ti and Ri plasmids) and expression vectors (bacterial, animal cell and plant), Heterologous gene
expression: strong and weak promoters, regulators. Factors influencing translational efficiency- RB sites,
SD sequences, codon optimization, host cell biology in folding, solubility and post translational
modification compatibilities. UNIT – 3
TECHNIQUES FOR NUCLEIC ACID ISOLATION, DETECTION, LABELING, AMPLIFICATION
[10L]
Isolation and purification of nucleic acids (genomic/plasmid/phage DNA and RNA), Polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) variants and applications, Nucleic acid detection: Labeling (DNA and RNA by radio- and
fluorescent methods), Southern blotting, northern blotting, Southwestern blotting and western blotting.
Nucleic acid mutagenesis in vivo and in vitro, Construction of cDNA library, Construction of Genomic
library, Screening of DNA libraries: Sequence-dependent screening (colony and plaque hybridization) and
immunological screening.
UNIT - 4
GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES [6L]
Biological methods: Bactofection and Transduction. Chemical methods: Calcium phosphate,
DEAE dextran,
Cationic Lipid and poly-L-lysine (PLL). Physical: Electroporation, Microinjection, Particle
Bombardment, Sonoporation, Laser induced. Biological: Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer in plants
(Ti &Ri plasmids), Chloroplast transformation: Vector design and applications.

44
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT – 5
GENETIC ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS [7L]
Plants: Herbicide, pest and stress resistant plants, improvement of nutritional quality and Increase
in shelf life, methods of producing transgenic animals (mice) and their uses. Gene therapy- types of gene
therapy, gene therapy for SCID and cancer, Animal cloning. Gene targeting, RNAi technology, Genome
editing: CRISPR technology.
PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Introduction to Genetic Engineering by Nicholl. Cambridge Low Price Edition.
2. Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics by S.B. Primrose and R.M. Twyman, 7th edition
3. Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction 6th Edition by T. A. Brown. Blackwel Publications
4. Molecular cloning:a laboratory manual by Green and sambrook
5. Current protocols in Molecular biology by Frederic Ausubel
SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. From Genetics to Gene Therapy – the molecular pathology of human disease by David S Latchman,
BIOS scientific publishers, 1994.
2. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA by Glick, B R, Pasternak.J
J, 2003, Third edition, DC ASM Press
e-BOOKS
1. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. New York:
Garland Science; 2002.
2. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th edition. Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, etal.New York: W. H.
Freeman; 2000.
MOOCs
1. http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-01sc-fundamentals-of-biology-fall-2011/recombinantdna/ 2.
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/102103013/3
COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)
1. Understand, Relate, compare and contrast application of various tools in gene manipulation.
2. Differentiate various gene transfer methods and factors influencing its expression.
3. Compare approaches for isolation, purification, amplification and detection of nucleic acids .
4. Design vectors, construct and screen genomic and cDNA library.
5. Apply the concepts and tools for gene manipulation in development of GMOs.

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO1 PO1 PO1 PSO PSO PSO

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3
CO 1 3 3

CO 2 3 3

CO 3 2 1

CO 4 2 1

CO 5 2 2 2 2

45
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title BASICS OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Course Code 2 3 B T 4 P C B C A Credits 03 L–T–P 3–0–0

COURSE PREREQUISITES: Basics of computer concepts.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course imparts the knowledge about languages like SQL, PERL, Python, and
MATLAB tools and their scope in biotechnology field. Students will be able to write Perl, Python scripts and
MATLAB codes which are important in bioinformatics and other biological science applications.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The objective of the course is to make graduates comprehend the languages like SQL,
PERL, Python, and MATLAB tools and prepare them to work individually and as a team in a multidisciplinary
environment.

UNIT – 1 OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS [7L]

Introduction to O.S., types of O.S., O.S services, system calls, system components, system structures, virtual
machines. Process Management - Process concept, process scheduling, co- operating processes, inter process
communication, concept of threads and multithreading.

UNIX/Linux: Introduction to Linux, basic commands, working with the files, file attributes, pipes, wildcards,
working with processes, working with basic editors (vi, emacs). Shell programming, basic decision-making
statements, basic regular expressions, string search applications using regular expressions.

UNIT – 2 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS [9L]

DBMS: Database system-concepts and architecture. RDBMS: concepts, constraints, languages and design, Entity-
Relationship model, Microsoft SQL server, introduction to SQL, basic commands, using SQL in MS Access,
creating and modifying tables, joining tables, simple queries using SQL, inner join, outer joins, data sorting and
filters.
UNIT – 3 PERL [9L]

An overview of Perl: Escape sequences, Numerical data types, strings in Perl, Operators, Perl statements:
Introduction to statements, Types - Input/output. statements, conditional statements, looping, and jumping
statements. Lists: Introduction to lists and accessing list values. Arrays:

Initializing array, adding elements to an array, accessing single and multiple elements from an array. Array
manipulation functions (pop, push, shift, unshift, splice, sort). Hashes: Introduction to Hashes, creating a hash,
working with hashes, adding, changing and accessing hash values. Regular expressions: Introduction to regular
expressions, patterns, metacharacters, modifiers, grouping and alteration. Matching, substitution, translation and
binding operators.

Representing Sequence Data, Store a DNA Sequence, Concatenating DNA Fragments, Transcription, Translation,
Perl Documentation, Calculating the Reverse Complement in Perl, Reading Proteins in Files, Searching for motifs.

46
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT – 4 PYTHON [7L]

Python - Machine learning: Statistics, data distribution, regression, clustering train/test model and prediction.
Modeling and simulation in python: The Modeling Framework, Pharmacokinetics-The minimal model, Glucose and
Insulin-model implementation and simulation, solving differential equations, case study.

UNIT – 5 MATLAB [7L]

Introduction, Syntax overview, Data types, variables, operators, decision making, loops, arrays, matrix, functions,
data I/O exceptions, plotting, graphics.

Introduction to Bioinformatics Toolbox and Simbiology: Construction and simulation of model, Model creation
for Kinetics of Receptor-Ligand, Simulation of the Glucose-Insulin Response, Estimate the Bioavailability of a
Drug, Data Analysis, Statistics

PRIMARY REFERENCES

1. Operating system concept by Silberschatz, Peterhalvin and Greg Gauge, VI edition, John Wiley, 2003.
2. Linux: The complete reference by Richard Peterson, McGraw Hill, 1998.
3. Microsoft SQL Server 2008 For Dummies, Mike Chapple, 2009, John Wiley & Sons Publisher
4. Sandeep Nagar, Introduction to Python for Engineers and Scientists. Open Source Solutions for Numerical
Computation-Apress (2018)
5. Rudra Pratap, Getting Started with MatLab A quick introduction for scientists and engineers, Oxford
University Press
6. Beginning Perl for Bioinformatics, James Tisdall, Publisher: O'Reilly, First Edition October 2001
7. Perl cook book by O’Reilly & Associates, second edition, 2003.

SECONDARY REFERENCE

1. Learning Perl (III edition) by Tom Christiansen, Jon Orwant, Larry Wall, 2001.
2. SAMS teach SQL yourself in 10 minutes by Ben Forta, 3rd Edition
3. SQL Queries for mere mortals: A hands on guide to data manipulation in SQL by Michael J. Hernandez and
John L. Viescas (2000).
4. A First course in database systems by Jeffrey D. Ullman and Jennifer D. Widon. (2nd Ed.)

e-books
1. Fangoh, Introduction to Python for Computational Science and Engineering, Open Source, available on github.
2. www.onlineprogrammingbooks.com/sql/
3. http://www.freebookcentre.net
4. http://www.getfreeebooks.com

MOOCs
1. www.edx.org
2. www.w3schools.com
3. www.mooc-list.com

47
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

CO1 Comprehend the concept of operating system, DBMS and computer languages.

CO2 Apply the concept of SQL to create and constitute the PERL scripts for various applications.

CO3 Analyze the data using Python and MATLAB and deduce ER diagrams.

CO-PO-PSO mapping

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PS PS PS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 O1 O2 O3
CO
1

CO 3 3
2

CO 3 3
3

ASSESSMENT: Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes mid-term tests, weekly/fortnightly class tests,
homework, assignments, problem solving, group discussions, quiz, seminar, mini- project and other Alternate
Assessment Tools (AAT) prescribed by the faculty handling a course prior to beginning of the classes.

Semester End Examination (SEE): written examination for theory. Both CIE and SEE are given equal (50:50)
weightage. The Student's performance in a course shall be judged individually and together based on the results of
CIE and SEE

48
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

Course Code 2 3 B T 4 P C H M T Credits 03 L–T–P 2–1–0

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Knowledge of Engineering Physics and Mathematics.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course provides students with the fundamental knowledge of heat and
mass transfer. The course also includes heat and mass transfer problems and description of phase diagrams and
experimental equipment.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The course objective is to provide students with the fundamental knowledge
needed to successfully practice the profession of biological engineering using the knowledge of heat and mass
transfer. It trains students to design, test, and analyze systems and processes that involve transport phenomena. The
course also enables students to formulate and solve heat and mass transfer problems and to use experimental
equipment. Students will learn to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems.

UNIT – 1 CONDUCTIVE & CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER [6L+3T]

Modes of heat transfer, Conduction - Steady state heat conduction through unilayer and multilayer walls,
Critical thickness of insulation, Overall & Individual heat transfer co-efficient, LMTD, Forced & natural
convection; Basic concepts in unsteady state heat conduction; Heat Transfer equipment - Double pipe heat
exchanger, Shell and Tube heat exchanger, Conceptual problems.

UNIT – 2 CONDENSATION AND EVAPORATION [5L+2T]

Condensation - Film wise & drop wise condensation; Evaporation principle, Evaporators - Horizontal
tube evaporator, Long tube vertical evaporator, Forced circulation evaporators, Single and multiple effect
evaporator; Enthalpy balances and Economy of evaporator, Conceptual problems.

UNIT – 3 BASICS OF MASS TRANSFER [5L+3T]

Mass transfer operations, Diffusion – Types, Steady state diffusion: Fick’s I law, Equimolar counter
current diffusion, Measurement of diffusivity, Mass transfer coefficients, Conceptual problems; Basic concepts in
unsteady state diffusion, Fick’s II law; Theories of mass transfer across phase boundaries – two film theory and
penetration theory; Analogy between heat and mass transfer using dimensionless numbers.

UNIT – 4 MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS – I [7L+3T]

Distillation - Methods of distillation, Distillation of binary mixtures – Raoults law; McCabe Thiele
method, Conceptual problems; Basic concepts in Extraction, Liquid-Liquid extraction – principle; Ternary
equilibrium diagram, equilibrium calculations; Aqueous two phase extraction.

49
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT – 5 MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS – II [3L+2T]

Absorption - principle; Basic concepts in Adsorption - Nature of adsorbents, Adsorption Isotherms;

Drying - principle of drying, drying rate curve; Crystallization – principle, stages in crystallization and methods of
super saturation; Leaching - principle.

PRIMARY REFERENCES

1. Unit operations in Chemical Engineering by McCabe W.L. and Smith J.C. McGraw Hill.
2. Introduction to chemical Engineering by Badger and Banchero. McGraw Hill.

SECONDARY REFERENCES

1. Chemical Engineering-Vols I&II by Coulson and Richardson, Butterworth-heinemann (5th Ed.).

2. Principles of Unit Operations by Foust A.S. Et al, John Wiley & Sons Inc (2nd Ed.).
3. Transfer Processes & Unit Operations by Geankoplis C.J., PHI Publishers (3rd Ed.)
4. Biological and Bioenvironmental Systems Heat and Mass Transfer by Dutta A.K., Technology & Engineering
(2002).
e-books
1. Unit operations in Chemical Engineering by McCabe W.L. and Smith J.C. McGraw Hill.
(http://www.ualberta.ca/~seyedsha/Ebooks/Unit%20Operations%20Of%20Chemical%20Engineering,%205th%2
0Ed, %20McCabe%20And%20Smith.pdf)

2. Chemical Engineering-Vols I&II by Coulson and Richardson, Butterworth-heinemann

(http://traininghrd.nigc.ir/files/files/chemist%20book%20cd2/chemical%20eng/RICHARDSON,%20J.
%20F.%20(200
2)2/Coulson_Richardsons_Chemical_Engineering_Volume_2.pdf)
MOOCs
1. https://www.edx.org/course/basics-transport-phenomena-delftx-tp101x#!
2. http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/chemical-engineering/10-302-transport-processes-fall-2004/index.htm2.
3. http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/102106027/
COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

CO1 Comprehend the concepts of modes of heat transfer, heat exchangers, evaporators, insulation, diffusion and
separation processes.
CO2 Apply physical laws governing heat transfer and mass transfer in bioprocess operations.

CO3 Identify, interpret and analyze and solve problems based on steady state heat and mass transfer phenomena.

CO4 Work individually to identify real life problems associated with heat and mass transfer operations in
biotechnology or bioprocess, search for solutions, and communicate the findings of the literature study and
solution proposed, as oral presentations/report submission.

50
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

CO-PO-PSO mapping

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PS PS PS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 O1 O2 O3
CO 1
1

CO 3 2
2

CO 3 2
3

CO 2 2 1 2
4

ASSESSMENT

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes mid-term tests and other Alternate Assessment Tools
(AAT) prescribed by the faculty handling a course prior to beginning of the classes.

Semester End Examination (SEE): Includes written examination for theory. Both CIE and SEE are
given equal (50:50) weightage. The Student's performance in a course shall be judged individually and together
based on the results of CIE and SEE.

51
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title Bioinspired Engineering

Course Code 2 3 B T 4 P C B I E Credits 01 L–T–P 1– 0 – 0

COURSE PREREQUISITES: Cell & molecular biology, Biochemistry, Basics of Biomolecules,

Microbiology, Chemistry, Physic, Elements of mechanical engineering
COURSE DESCRIPTION: The course emphasizes the role of biological systems in engineering
aspects. It imparts knowledge on relation between various biological structures and their functions to that of
engineering the structures and their designs in the present scenario. The concepts in the course inspire students to
engage in interdisciplinary research aspects.
COURSE OBJECTIVES: To make students understand and assess the role of biological systems in
development of artificial goods.
UNIT – 1 Introduction to Bio-inspired Engineering

[2L]
Innovation through imitation, Natural selection and evolution of adaptations in nature; Sustainable
engineering in nature
UNIT - 2 Nature’s Surfaces: Surface Engineering
[4L]
Surface structures of plant leaves, insects and birds and their evolutionary significance. Surface textural
characterisation and their properties, Surface heterogeneity, surface chemistry, surface tension and surface energy;
Superhydrophobicity. Engineering applications.
UNIT – 3 Biomechanics
[4L]
Concepts and seed and fruit dispersal in plants, dispersal of spores in fungi and mushrooms, Abiotic and Biotic
vectors for pollination, Adaptation for maximising flotation in air and water, Aerodynamics and buoyancy in
nature
UNIT - 4 Bioadhesives
[3L]
Natural adhesives in plants and animals, Chemical nature and adhesive forces, Muscle adhesive proteins;
Wound healing in biological system, Self-healing materials, Biomedical and other applications of adhesives.

PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Bio-inspired Engineering, C. H.
Jenkins Momentum Press, 2011.
SECONDARY REFERENCES 1. Bioinspired Materials Science And Engineering, Yang, Wiley publisher, 2019

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

1. Understand the architecture, functional mechanism and the importance of various natural biosystems .
(PO1)
2. Assess and infer the role of Biological systems in developments of products through sustainable
engineering. ( PO2, PO5)

Assessment pattern

CIE:

● Three Tests shall be conducted, for a maximum of 25 marks each.

● The Faculty handling the course shall conduct Three CIE during the class hours only. The method of
assessments for CIE can be decided by the faculty with prior notification to the students.

52
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

SEE:

● The SEE will be conducted for a maximum of 50 Marks and reduced to 25 for grade calculation.
● The question paper shall have Part-A and Part-B.
● Part-A can be of MCQ/Fill in the blanks for a maximum of 20 marks.
● Part-B shall cover descriptive questions with maximum of 50 marks-five questions with sub-divisions out
of which the student needs to answer any three questions for 30 marks. In descriptive portion of the paper,
questions can’t be for less than 5 marks.
● Examination shall be conducted for a duration of 1 hour.

53
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LABORATORY

Course Code 2 3 B T 4 A E C B L Credits 01 L–T–P 0–0–1

List of Experiments

1. A Program to implement Data Definition language

2. A Program to implementation on Data manipulation language and SQL joins
3. An application-based experiment to implement DDL, DML and SQL joins.
4. Perl programs for on fundamentals.
5. Perl programs for Bioinformatics applications.
6. Python programs on fundamentals.
7. Python programs on machine learning.
8. Python programs on Modeling and simulation
9. MATLAB programming on fundamentals.
10. MATLAB programming on Bioinformatics Toolbox and Simbiology.

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB

Lab manual by Faculty

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

CO1 Conduct experiments to create and access the databases, execute the Perl scripts for various
biological and allied applications and analyze the datasets using Python and MATLAB.

CO-PO-PSO mapping

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PS PS PS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 O1 O2 O3
CO 3 2
1

ASSESSMENT

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes continuous evaluation for each experiment for
conduction, record and viva.

Semester End Examination (SEE): Includes laboratory examination that includes program/ code writing
and conduction of given experiment and viva.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title BIOCHEMISTRY LAB

Course Code 2 3 B T 4 P C B C L Credits 01 L–T–P 0 –0– 1

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50% weightage)

practical (2hrs/week):

1. Estimation of blood sugar by O-toluidine method.

2. Estimation of blood sugar by Hegde and Johnson method 3. Estimation of
inorganic phosphate by Fiske-Subbarow method.
4. Estimation of amino acid by ninhydrin method.
5. Estimation of urea by diacetyl monooxime method.
6. Estimation of protein by Bradford method
7. Estimation of cholesterol by Zak and Henly’s method.
8. Estimation of serum alkaline phosphatases
9. Estimation of serum transaminases
10. Estimation of serum creatinine
11. Protein characterization by fluorescence spectroscopy

Mapping of COs with POs

PO CO PO1 PO PO3 PO PO PO6 PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

2 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12

CO1 3
3
CO2 2 2 3
3

PO4 CO 1 Design, conduct experiments related to quantitative analysis of

biomolecules and interpret data
PO4, CO2 Engage in independent learning and work effectively as an individual to
PO9, (open ended carry out literature search effectively, design, conduct experiments &
PO10 expts.) interpret data and write a technical report.

ASSESSMENT
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes continuous evaluation for each experiment for
conduction, record and viva.
Semester End Examination (SEE): Includes laboratory examination that includes program/ code
writing and conduction of given experiment and viva.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Course Title GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB

Course Code 2 3 B T 4 P C G E L Credits 0 L–T–P 0– 0 – 1

1

EXPERIMENTS:-
1. DNA quantification (Plant/Animal/Bacteria)
2. Plasmid isolation
3. Genomic DNA isolation from Prokaryotes
4. Genomic DNA isolation from Plant/Animal sources
5. Total protein isolation from Prokaryotes/Eukaryotic
6. Restriction digestion, agarose gel electrophoresis and size determination.
7. Competent cell preparation
8. Blue-white colony selection –Transformation
9. Ouchterlony Double Diffusion (ODD)
10. PCR: gene /DNA amplification
11. Western blot (demo)
12. Agrobacterium mediated transformation (demo)

REFERENCE
Lab manual by Faculty

Course Outcome:
Conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data related to gene manipulation.

CO/P O PO PO PO PO4 PO PO PO PO PO PO1 PO1 PO1 PSO PSO PSO

1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3
CO1 3 2

56
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Scheme & Syllabus for

V & VI Semester

57
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

V Semester

C Credits
Total Total
ourse Code Course Title
L T P Credits
Type Hours

PC-9 23BT5PCREN Reaction Engineering 2 1 0 3 4

P 23BT5PCBIN Bioinformatics 3 0 0 3 3
C-10
P Bioanalytical Techniques
23BT5PCBAT 2 1 0 3 4
PC-11
PC-12 23BT5PCIMM Immunotechnol 3 0 0 3 3
ogy
HS 23BT5HSEVS Environmental Studies 1 0 0 1 1

PE-1 23BT5PEPE-1 Professional Elective -1 3 0 0 3 3

PW-1 23BT5PCPW-1 Project -1 0 0 2 2 4

PC 23BT5PCBIL Bioinformatics Lab 0 0 1 1 1

Bioanalytical
PC 23BT5PCBTL 0 0 1 1 2
Techniques Lab
Research Methodology
AE 23CH6AERMI 2 0 0 2 2
and IPR
Details of 40 AICTE
Activity Points
TOTAL:- 16 2 4 22 26

Professional Electives List

C Total
Credits Total
ourse Code Course Title Credits
Hours
Type L T P

PE-1
23BT5PEMTE Metabolic Engineering 3 0 0 3 3
PE-1 23BT5PESTN Signal Transduction 3 0 0 3 3
PE-1 23BT5PEMBT Microbial BT 3 0 0 3 3
PE-1 23BT5PEFMB Food Microbiology 3 0 0 3 3
PE-1 Vaccines and cancer
23BT5PEVCI immunotherapy 3 0 0 3 3

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

VI Semester

Course Credits TTotal

Type Code Course Title otal Hours
L T P Credits
PC 23BT6PCGAP Genomics and Proteomics 3 0 0 3 3
PC 23BT6PCETK Enzyme Technology and Kinetics 2 1 0 3 4
HS 23BT6HSPMF Project Management and Finance 2 0 0 2 2
PC 23BT6PCBPT Bioprocess Technology 3 0 0 3 3
PE 23BT6PEXXX Professional Elective -2 3 0 0 3 3

OE 23BT6OEXX Open Elective -1 3 0 0 3 3

Enzyme Technology and
PC 23BT6PCETL 0 0 1 1 2
Kinetics Lab
PC 23BT6PCBPL Bioprocess Technology Lab 0 0 1 1 2

PW-2 23BT6PCPW-1 Project work -1 0 0 2 2 4

AE 23BT6AEISD Industry skill development 0 0 1 1 2
NSS, YOGA, Physical Edu. P/
NCMC (Sports and Athletics) 0 0 0 NP -

Details of 20 AICTE Activity Points - - - - -

TOTAL:- 16 1 5 22 28

Professional Electives List

Course Credits Total Total
Type Code Course Title L T P Credits Hours
PE-2 23BT6PESYB Systems Biology 3 0 0 3 3
PE-2 Toxicology &
23BT6PETAP 3 0 0 3 3
Pharmacology
PE-2 23BT6PEPBT Plant Biotechnology 3 0 0 3 3
PE-2 23BT6PEAFC Advances in Food chemistry 3 3
PE-2 23BT6PEBIM Biomaterials 3 3

Open Electives List

C Credits T Total
ourse Code Course Title otal Hours
Type L T P Credits
OE-1 23BT6OEIMA Instrumental Methods of Analysis 3 0 0 3 3

59
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

OE-1 23BT6OEBBI Biosensors & Bioinstrumentation 3 0 0 3 3

OE-1 23BT6OEBTE Battery Technology 3 0 0 3 3

Course Title REACTION ENGINEERING

Course Code 2 3 B T 5 P C R E N Credits 03 L–T–P 2 – 1 –0

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50% weightage)

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Microbiology, Process Engineering Thermodynamics and Process Principles and
Calculations.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course deals with the study of ideal and non-ideal bioreactors. The course also
gives an insight into the concepts behind ideal chemically reacting systems represented by batch, continuous stirred tank
reactors and plug-flow reactor and elementary steps involved to yield a reaction rate expression. It emphasizes on models
for dealing with non-ideal flow reactors and the use of residence time distributions to predict the performance of reactions.
It also describes the methods to predict yield coefficients using stoichiometric principles and energetics of microbial growth.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The course objective is to enable students to differentiate between various reactors.
Students will be able to understand the performance of ideal and non-ideal reactors by making use of design equations and
various models. Students will also know about the criteria for scale-up of bioreactors and factors on which selection of
bioreactors depends. On completion of the course, students will be able to determine yield coefficients using microbial
growth kinetics.

PART A: THEORY UNIT 1

REACTION KINETICS [5L+3L]

Law of mass action and rate equation, definitions and examples of elementary and non-elementary reactions,
theories of reaction rate and temperature dependency, analysis of experimental reactor data: evaluation of rate equation,
half-life method, integral and differential analysis for constant volume system. Conceptual numericals.

UNIT 2
IDEAL BIOREACTORS [6L+3L]
Design equations for homogeneous system: batch, stirred tank and tubular flow reactor, size comparison of reactor
systems, combination reactor systems, recycle reactors. Conceptual numericals. ]

UNIT 3
NON-IDEAL BIOREACTORS [6L+2T]
Non-ideal reactors: residence time distribution studies, pulse and step input response of reactors, RTD’s for CSTR
and PFR, calculations of conversions for First order reactions, One parameter models - tanks in series and dispersion models.
Zero Parameter Models, Conceptual numericals
UNIT 4
KINETICS OF MICROBIAL GROWTH AND PRODUCT FORMATION [3L+2T]

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Phases of cell growth in batch cultures; simple unstructured kinetic models for microbial growth - Monod model;
Growth associated and non-growth associated product formation kinetics; Leudeking-Piret models; substrate and product
inhibition on cell growth and product formation; Continuous culture; Conceptual numericals.

UNIT 5
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BIOREACTORS [7L+2T]
Stability and analysis of bioreactors, biomass production and effect of dilution rate. Design and operation of
various bioreactors, eg. CSTF, fedbatch systems, airlift bioreactors, fluidized bed reactors, scale up of bioreactors - Scale-
up and Scale-down of bioreactors - strategies and methods for scale-up, similarity criteria, Hubbard method, method of
Wang et al., Ettler’s method, dimensionless numbers and scale up, scale up based on aeration and power requirement
(Aeration and Power number), regime analysis and the scale-down bioreactor, criteria for selection of bioreactors.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Chemical Reaction Engineering by Levenspiel O., John Wiley, Third Edition, 2006.
2. Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering by Fogler, H.S., Prentice Hall, 1986.
3. Bioprocess Engineering by Shuler and Kargi, Prentice Hall, Second Edition, 2005.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Bioprocess Engineering by Aiba, Humprey & Millis, Academic Press, Second Edition, 1973
2. Biochemical Engineering by James Lee, Prentice Hall, 1992.
3. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals by Bailey and Ollis, McGraw Hill, Second Edition, 1986.
4. Bioprocess Engineering Principles by Pauline M. Doran, Academic Press, 1995.

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

1. Select bioreactor for a given criteria and describe scale-up process.

2. Apply kinetics equations using different methods to determine chemical and biochemical reaction rates and
residence time distributions in reactors. (PO1)
3. Identify, interpret and Analyse design equations for different reactors at steady state and solve reactor engineering,
scale-up and microbial kinetics problems. (PO2)
4. Comprehend research articles based on reaction kinetics and individually interpret the methods and results. (PO9,
PO10)

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title BIOINFORMATICS

Course Code 2 3 B T 5 P C B I N Credits 03 L–T–P 3–0–0

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Basics of computer concepts and applications, Molecular Biology, Basics of
Biomolecules, Biochemistry.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course emphasizes on bioinformatics resources, biological databases, various
bioinformatics tools and techniques to analyze and interpret the biological data. Students will be exposed to fundamentals
and applications of drug design and discovery process.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course is designed to impart good operational knowledge on basics of bioinformatics,
biological databases, various tools and techniques for the computational analysis of biological data. This course also portraits
the fundamentals and applications of drug design and discovery. Further students will comprehend the importance of
databases and tools to generate biological data and critically analyze the results and derive valid conclusions.

UNIT - 1 BIOINFORMATICS RESOURCES AND SEARCH TOOLS [6L]

Introduction to Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics resources: NCBI, EBI, ExPASy, RCSB; Significance of databases towards
informatics projects, Sequence and structure databases: GenBank, DDBJ, EMBL, PIR, Uniprot-KB, SWISS-PROT, and
TrEMBL. Biomolecular sequence file formats: Genbank flat file, Protein Data Bank (PDB) flat file, FASTA Format, PIR
Format, MMDB, SCOP, Pfam. Specialized databases: OMIM, Medical databases, KEGG, EST databases.

UNIT - 2 SEQUENCE ANALYSIS [10L]

Sequence similarity search: Introduction; FASTA, BLAST, Low-Complexity Regions, Repetitive Elements. scoring
matrices: Amino acid scoring matrices; PAM, BLOSUM, Comparison between them. Sequence Alignment: Introduction,
The evolutionary basis of sequence alignment. Alignment algorithms: Pairwise alignment – Dotplot, Global alignment ,
local alignment, Gaps, Gap scores and Gap penalties, Dynamic Programming - Needleman & Wunch, Smith & Waterman,
Statistical significance of Alignments. Multiple sequence alignment: Progressive pairwise methods, Iterative methods,
profile based methods- PSSM; Conceptual numericals.

UNIT - 3 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTIVE METHODS [10L]

Introduction to Phylogenetic analysis: Tree terminologies, Forms of tree representation- Rooted and Unrooted trees; Steps
in Phylogenetic data analysis; Tree building Methods: Distance based v/s character based – UPGMA, NJ, FM and Maximum
likelihood, Maximum parsimony; Assessing tree reliability: Bootstrapping. Phylogenetic softwares: CLUSTALW, PAUP,
PHYLIP etc. Profiles and Hidden Markov Models: PSSM. Profiles. Markov Model and HMM. Protein Motif and Domain
Prediction: Identification of Motif and Domains in MSA. PROSITE. Motif and Domain Databases using Statistical Models
( PRINTS, BLOCKS, ProDom, Pfam, SMART) Conceptual numericals.

UNIT - 4 ANALYTICAL TOOLS FOR GENOMIC AND PROTEOMIC STUDIES

[7L]
Predictive Methods: Genomic and proteomic sequence acquisition and analysis, Web based tools; Restriction mapping:
Utilities, various steps involved, Web based tools; Primer design: need for tools, Primer design tools;Structure Visualization
and Graphical representation of molecular structures, Usages of visualization software available in public domain like
Rasmol, Pymol, SpdbViewer, Cn3D. Conceptual numericals.

62
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT - 5
CHEMINFORMATICS, MOLECULAR MODELING, DRUG DESIGN AND DISCOVERY [6L]

Cheminformatics: Introduction, How to Represent the Molecule Structure, molecular datasets, tools and libraries, Large-
Scale Data Mining ,Molecular Properties, Combinatorial chemistry. Molecular dynamics- modeling and simulations: basic
concepts including force fields, protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid, protein- ligand interaction; Drug design and discovery:
an overview. Role of AI in drug discovery, Protein Structure Prediction and critical Assessment, Superposition of proteins
using different tools, RMSD, protein conformational analysis. QSAR. Docking and Virtual Screening. Energy Calculations
(no derivation). Pharmacophore prediction based on the docking analysis.

PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Bioinformatics- Sequence and Genome Analysis by David W Mount, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Second
edition, 2004
2. Bioinformatics- A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins by Andreas D Baxevanis and B.F. Francis
Ouellette, A John Wiley and Sons, Second edition, 2001
3. Essentials Bioinformatics, by Jin Xiong Cambridge University Press, Second edition, 2006
4. Discovering Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics by A. Malcolm Campbell, Laurie J. Heyer, First edition,
2004
SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. Analytical Tools for DNA, Genes & Genomes: by Arseni Markoff, New Age, 2007
2. BIOINFORMATICS – METHODS AND APPLICATIONS: GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS AND DRUG DISCOVERY BY S C
RASTOGI, N MENDIRATTA & P RASTOGI, PHI, 2006
3. BIOINFORMATICS: A biologist’s guide to biocomputing and the internet. Stuart M Brown, NYU Medical Center,
NY USA. 2000.

e- BOOKS
1. http://www.springer.com/in/book/9781447167013
2. http://www.e-booksdirectory.com/details.php?ebook=4481
MOOCs
1. https://www.mooc-list.com/course/bioinformatics-introduction-and-methods
2. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/102103044/40
COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Comprehend various bioinformatics resources, biological databases, file formats, sequence analysis, restriction site
mapping, primer designing, visualization and drug discovery.
2. Apply the various techniques to construct sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, restriction site mapping,
primer designing, visualization of protein structures and Insilico drug discovery. (PO5)
3. Analyse the sequence alignment, phylogenetic map to interpret the data and derive valid conclusions. (PO2)
4. Design restriction site map, primer and drug discovery through Insilico approach. (PO3)

63
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE TITLE BIOANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

COURSE CODE 2 3 B T 5 P C B A T Credits 04 L-T-P 2-1-0

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50%

weightage)

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Engineering Physics, Engineering Chemistry, Engineering Mathematics, Basics

of Biomolecules
COURSE DESCRIPTION: this course deals with the principle, instrumentation and application of various
biophysical techniques used for the separation of biomolecules and characterization of these biomolecules. It also describes
the various methods used for the separation and purification of the various biomolecules.
COURSE OBJECTIVES: To enable the students to gain knowledge on the various techniques for separation,
purification and characterization of bimolecules.

UNIT – 1 CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES

[6L+3T]
Classification of chromatography, Basic parameters: partition coefficient, retention time and volume, elution time
and volume, column efficiency, resolution and related numerical, internal and external standards. Planar Chromatography:
Principle, apparatus, solvent system, detection and applications of Paper chromatography (ascending, descending and 2D)
and Thin layer chromatography.
Column chromatography: Principle, instrumentation, matrices, solvent system: detection and applications of Ion
exchange chromatography, Gel filtration chromatography, Affinity chromatography, Gas liquid chromatography and High-
performance liquid chromatography.

UNIT - 2 ELECTROPHORESIS
[6L+2T]
Principle, horizontal and vertical gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, native PAGE, SDS-PAGE, Pulse field
electrophoresis, application of electrophoresis in analysing macromolecules.

UNIT – 3 BIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES

[6L+3T]
Principle, instrumentation and applications of, analytical and preparative ultracentrifugation, , Scanning tunneling
microscopy, AFM, luminescence (fluorescence & phosphorescence), , Isothermal and differential calorimetry, Mass
spectrometry: LC-MS, MALDI-TOF.

UNIT - 4 STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF MACROMOLECULES

[6L+3T]
Principle, instrumentation and application of X-ray (single crystal diffraction), ESR / EPR, NMR, CD, UV, IR, Raman
Spectroscopy.
UNIT - 5 RADIOISOTOPIC TECHNIQUES
[4L+2T]
Basic concepts, GM and scintillation counter, autoradiography, safety aspects and applications in biological science.

PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Biophysical Chemistry by Cantor R., and Schimmel P.R
2. Physical Biochemistry by David Freifelder (N H Freeman and Company)

64
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

3. Biophysical Principles of Structure & Function by Fred M. Snell &Sidney Shulman 4. Separation processes in
biotechnology by Asenjo J and M. Dekker,CRC Publishers. 1993.
5. Bioseparations by Belter P.A and Cussier E.Wiley. 1985.
6. Bioseparations by Harrison R.G. Todd P. Rudge S.R. and D.P. Petrides.Science and Engineering Oxford University Press,
2004.
7. Physical Chemistry: Principles and Applications in Biological Sciences by Tinoco and others (Prentice Hall, 4th Ed).
SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. Biophysics – An Introduction by Cotterill, Wiley Student Edition
2. Foundations of Biophysics by A.L. Stanford.
3. Principles of protein structure by G Schulz and R H Schrimer (Springer Verlag)
4. Principles of nucleic acid structure by Sanger (Springer Verlag)
5. Introduction to Protein Science by Arthur M Lesk (OUP)
6. Biological Spectroscopy by J. D. Campbell and R. A.Dwek
7. Proteins – Structure & Molecular Properties by Creighton e-BOOKS
8. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Keith Wilson
https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=052165873X 2. BiophysicalTechniques by Iain Campbell
https://0b9411cb7057497b22db0cd9f69e827bce11ede8.googledrive.com/host/0B5XjjBGDoIrhNlFV
cVhQWjA2a1k/Biophysical-Techniques-Iain-Campbell-ebook-51iBvNTIHhL.pdf
MOOCs
1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/102106022/
2. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/102103044/

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

1. Select technique (s) that can be applied for a biomolecule separation and elucidate the principle and method. (PO1,5)

2. Select technique (s) that can be applied for a biomolecule purification and elucidate the principle and method. (PO1,5)

3. Select and apply suitable techniques for identification of biomolecules. (PO1,5,12)

4. Select and apply suitable techniques for characterization of biomolecules. (PO1,5,12)

65
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY Credits 3

Course Code 2 3 B T 5 P C I M M L-T-P 3 0 0

COURSE PREREQUISITE: Cell and Molecular Biology, Basics of Biomolecules and Biochemistry,
Microbiology.
COURSE DESCRIPTION: course includes structure and function of immune cells and organs, detailed
aspects of immune response, the molecular mechanisms of immunity. The course also deals with role of immune system
in health and disease, preventive therapies and modern techniques in immunology
COURSE OBJECTIVES: To impart Knowledge on immune mechanisms operating in the body for combating
infections and role of immune system in health disease. The student will be able to understand the intricacies of vaccine
Design, transplant rejection and production of antibodies.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNE SYSTEM [6 L]

Historical development, Overview of immune response, Classification of immune system. innate and acquired
immunity, Passive and active immunity, humoral and cellular immunity. Cells of the immune system- role of macrophages,
neutrophils, Basophils, eosinophils and Dendritic cells. primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Antigens- chemical and
molecular nature, clonal selection theory.

UNIT II
[10 L]
B-Cells: Types, structure and function of Immunoglobulins, development of B-Cells, B cell receptor, recognition
of antigen, activation and differentiation. Genetic organization of Immunoglobulin Genes, expression and secretion. Antigen
processing and presentation.
T-CELLs and NK cells: Types of T-cells, Activation and function of T-cells, T cell receptors, Co receptors and
other surface markers, antigen presenting cells, antigen processing and presentation, Major histocompatibility Complex-
MHC Class I and II molecules, CTLs and NK cells: activation, differentiation and function.

UNIT III IMMUNE SYSTEM IN HEALTH & DISEASE [10 L]

The Complement System: Classical, Alternate and MBL pathways. Hypersensitivity Reactions: Type I, II, III and
IV. Immunodeficiency disorders- Primary and Secondary. Autoimmunity- autoimmune disorders and examples
(autoimmune haemolytic anemia, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis). Transplantation and Tumor Immunology -
Relationship between donor and recipient, role of M H C molecules in graft rejection. Bone marrow and hematopoietic stem
cell transplantation. Tumor antigens, categories of tumor antigens. Cancer Immunotherapy, CAR-T cells.

UNIT IV VACCINES AND THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES

[6 L]
Vaccines: Design strategies, Whole organism, Subunit and synthetic vaccines. RNA vaccines. Therapeutic
Antibodies: Immuno-toxins, antibody hetero-conjugates, chimeric and humanized minibodies, antibody mimics
(adnectins, affibodies). Production of polyclonal antibodies, production of monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technology.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT V IMMUNOTECHNIQUES [7 L]
Antigen – Antibody Reactions, Affinity, Avidity, Cross-Reactivity, Immunoprecipitations, Precipitation
Reactions, Agglutination Reactions, Radioimmunoassay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot,
Immuno-electrophoresis. Immuno-fluorescence, fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis, cytotoxicity assay.

PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Kuby Immunology by Kindt, Thomas J., Osborne, Barbara A., Goldsby, Richard A. W.H. Freeman & Co, Fifth
edition, 2003.
2. The Principles of Immunology by H.T. Karsner, E.E. Ecker. Publisher: Lippincott 1921 ISBN/ASIN:
B005GEE560

SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. Immunology 4th Edition by Ivan Roitt (Author), David Male (Author), Johathan Brostoff (Author). ISBN-10:
0723421781
2. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology by Warren Levinson ,Lange Medical Books, 13th Edition. e-BOOKS
1. Immunology: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 8e (Immunology (Roitt)) 8th Edition by David Male
MA PhD (Author), Jonathan Brostoff MA DM DSc(Med) FRCP FRCPath (Author), David Roth MD PhD
(Author), Ivan Roitt.
2. Janeway, Charles A., et al. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. New York, NY: Garland
Science, 2004. ISBN: 9780443073106.

MOOC
1. https://www.mooc-list.com/course/bioc3721x-fundamentals-immunology-part-1- edx?static=true
2. https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec23_bt13/preview

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

1. Distinguish various types of antibody molecules and explain their production and applications as therapeutics (PO1)
2. Draw structure of immune cells, organs and molecules, relate their role in immune defence (PO1)
3. Describe the role of immune system in health, disease and transplantation (PO1 and PO6)
4. Describe various parameters in design of vaccines (PO12 and PO6)
5. Conduct experiments involving detection and quantification of antigens, antibodies and pathogens. (PO4)

67
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title Environmental Studies

Course code 2 3 B T 5 H S E V S Credits 01 L-T-P 1-0-0
CIE 50 marks SEE 50 marks

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1. To acquire the knowledge of environmental studies, it’s need & importance
2. To understand the concept, structure and function of different ecosystems
3. To know about pollution problems and green technology
4. To develop a sense of responsibility about the role of students in fostering the idea of learning to live in
harmony with nature.
5. To aware the studies about current conditions of environment
6. To give an opportunity to the student to experience the interdisciplinary nature of the environmental studies
7. To create interest in students about the environment through a project work
8. To encourage student to prevent the environmental degradation

COURSE OUTCOME:
CO1: Understand the components and impacts of human activities on environment.
CO2: Apply the environmental concepts for conservation and protection of natural resources.
CO3: Identify and establish relationship between social, economical and ethical values from environmental
perspectives.
Unit – I : Introduction to Environment: [4L]
Definition about Earth, atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Structure of Atmosphere : Troposphere,
Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere, Exosphere. Internal structure of the Earth: Crust, Mantle, Core. Ecosystem,
types of Ecosystem: Land, Forest, Water, Desert, Marine. Effects of Human activities on Environment: Agriculture,
Housing, Industries, Mining and Transportation.
Unit-II: Natural Resources: [2L]
Introduction, Classification, Types and Uses of Natural Resources, Challenges Facing Natural Resources, conservation
Strategies
Unit-III: Environmental pollution [3L]
Introduction, causes, effects and control measures. Water pollution, land pollution, noise pollution, air pollution and
marine pollution-case studies. Environmental management: Solid waste, hazardous waste, e-waste, bio medical waste.
Unit-IV: Social issues and Environment [4L]

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Climatic changes: Global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion. Water conversation: rain water harvesting and
ground water recharging. Environmental Protection Acts: Air, Water, land and Noise (Prevention and Control of
pollution), Forest conservation, Wildlife protection.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Environmental studies by - Dr. Geethabalakrishanan (Revised Edition)
2. Ecology by – Subramanyam ( Tata McGraw Hill Publication)
3. Environmental studies by – Dr. J.P.Sharma ( Third edition)
4. Environmental studies by – SmritiSrivastav
REFERENCES:
1. Environmental studies by – Benny Joseph
2. Environmental studies by – Dr. D.L.Manunath
LEARNING RESOURCES:
1. NPTEL ( Open Sources / power point and visuals )
2. Ecological studies / IITR / Open Sources
3. Ministry of Environment and forest & wildlife.
MOOC’s:
MOOCS – https://www.coursera.org / course / sustain
SEE PAPER PATTERN:
Sub: Environmental Studies (23BT5HSEVS ), Total SEE marks:50. Duration:2 hours
SEE Question paper consist of two parts, Part –A consists of 20 MCQ’S, one mark each. Whereas Part –B consist of 5
questions with maximum two subsections of 10 marks each.
Student should answer Part – A compulsory and any three full questions from Part-B, covering all units.

69
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Professional Elective Courses

COURSE METABOLIC ENGINEERING

TITLE (Stream: Computational Biology)
COURSE CODE 2 3 B T 5 P E M T E Credits 03 L-T-P 3-0-0

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50%

weightage)

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Basics of Biomolecules, Biochemistry and Bioenergetics, Cell and Molecular
Biology, Genetic Engineering, and Process Engineering Thermodynamics and Biostatistics.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course includes methods for metabolic characterization (genome,
transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and fluxome), comprehensive models for cellular reactions, regulation of metabolic
pathways, metabolic flux analysis and applications of metabolic flux analysis. This course also includes methods for the
experimental determination of metabolic fluxes by isotope labelling, metabolic control analysis, metabolic design (gene
amplification, gene-disruption, randomized and targeted strain development) and metabolic Engineering in practice.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course provides insight into the fundamentals of metabolic engineering in strain
improvement programs to increase the yield of a target product or reduce or eliminate the production of undesired impurities.
This course imparts knowledge on development of optimization procedures for strain improvement, optimizing metabolic
flux by up-regulation of a target pathway and/or knock-out of competing pathways and heterologous expression of foreign
gene / gene cluster to introduce metabolites for biosynthesis of target product.

UNIT - 1 METABOLIC CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELS FOR CELLULAR

REACTIONS
[7 L]
Overview of the field with illustrating examples. Central Metabolism: Fueling metabolism, Supply of biomass precursors,
Anabolism, Anaplerosis. Coordination of metabolic reactions: Feedback inhibition, Energy charge, Methods for metabolic
characterization: Genome, Transcriptome, Proteome, Metabolome and Fluxome. Comprehensive models for cellular
reactions: Stoichiometry of cellular reactions, Reaction rates, Dynamic mass balance.
UNIT – 2 REGULATION OF METABOLIC PATHWAYS AND METABOLIC FLUX
ANALYSIS
[9 L]
Regulation of metabolic pathways: Regulation of Enzymatic Activity and Enzyme concentration, Regulation at whole cell
level, Regulation of Metabolic networks. Metabolic flux analysis: Overdetermined and undetermined systems, Sensitivity
analysis.
UNIT – 3
METHODS FOR METABOLIC FLUX ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS [7 L]
Methods for Metabolic Flux Analysis; Metabolite Balancing, Tracer Experiments, MS and NMR in labelling
measurement. Applications of metabolic flux analysis.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT - 4

METABOLIC CONTROL ANALYSIS

[9 L]
Metabolic control analysis (MCA): Determination of Flux control coefficients, MCA of Linear and Branched pathways.

UNIT – 5

METABOLIC ENGINEERING IN PRACTICE (Case studies)

[7 L]
Engineering the isobutanol biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli by comparison of aldehyde reductase /alcohol
dehydrogenase genes; Compartmentalization of metabolic pathways in yeast mitochondria improves the production of
branched-chain alcohols; Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to increase NADH availability by overexpressing an
NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase; Engineering Escherichia coli for production of functionalized terpenoids using
plant P450s; Industrial production of amino acids by coryneform bacteria; Engineering of Escherichia coli for fuel
production (Microdiesel).

PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. G. Stephanopoulos, A. Aristidou and J. Nielsen, Metabolic Engineering Principles and Methodologies, Academic Press,
1998.
2. David Fell, Understanding the Control of Metabolism, Portland Press, London, 1997.
SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. S. Y. Lee & E.T. Papoutsakis, Metabolic Engineering, Marcel Dekker, NewYork, 1999.
2. R.Heinrich and S. Schuster, The Regulation of Cellular Systems, Chapman &Hall, 1996. 3. E.O. Voit, Computational
Analysis of Biochemical Systems. CambridgeUniversity Press, 2000.

e- BOOKS
1. https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Metabolic_Engineering.html?id=9mGzkso4NV QC
2. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/S0307-4412(97)87557-7/abstract

MOOCs
1. http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/102103014/

COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Elucidate central metabolic reactions and models used for cellular reactions(PO1).
2. Comprehend regulation of metabolic pathways at different levels and analyze metabolic flux for real time applications
(PO2, PO3).
3. Describe the metabolic control analysis and plan a suitable metabolic design for maximizing product yield (PO5).
4. Relate applications of metabolic engineering for current research/industrial practices (PO12).

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION Credits 3

(Stream: Pharma BT)

Course Code 2 3 B T 6 P E S T N L-T-P 3 0 0

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Cell and Molecular Biology, Human Physiology, Basics Of

Biomolecules and
Immunotechnology

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course gives a comprehensive Account of Cell Signaling and Signal
Transduction. It explains the biochemical basis of the transmission of molecular signals from a cell`s
exterior to its interior and how these can affect cellular behavior and gene expression. It also gives an overview
of cell signaling w.r.t tumor biology

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The course aims to give a basic knowledge of mechanisms of signal
transduction and the significance of signal transduction in physiology and pathophysiology.

UNIT - 1

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION [9 L]
Signal Transduction: Definition, Signals, Ligands and Receptors. Endocrine, Paracrine and Autocrine
Signaling.
Sensory Transduction: Nerve Impulse Transmission – Nerve Cells, Synapses, Reflex Arc Structure, Resting
Membrane Potential, Nernst Equation, Action Potential, Voltage Gated Ion-Channels, Impulse Transmission,
Neurotransmitters, Neurotransmitter Receptors.
Rod and Cone Cells In The Retina, Biochemical Changes In The Visual Cycle, Photochemical Reaction
And Regulation Of Rhodopsin. Odor Receptors.

UNIT - 2
RECEPTORS AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS [9 L]

Cell Signaling, Cell Surface Receptors. G Protein Coupled Receptors- Structure, Mechanism Of Signal
Transmission, Regulatory Gtpases, Heterotrimeric G Proteins And Effector Molecules Of G Proteins.
Signaling
Molecules-Camp, Cgmp, Metabolic Pathways For The Formation Of Inositol Triphosphate From
Phosphatidyl
Inositol Diphosphate, Ca2+, DAG And NO As Signaling Molecules, Ryanodine And Other Ca2+ Receptors,
Phospho-Regulation Of Inositol And The Calcium Channel Activation. Ser/Thr-Specific Protein Kinases
and Phosphatases. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Role of Phosphotyrosine in SH2 Domain Binding. Signal
Transmission via Ras Proteins and MAP Kinase Pathway

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT - 3
SIGNALING RECEPTORS
[7 L]
Signaling By Nuclear Receptors: Ligands, Structure and Functions of Nuclear Receptors, Nuclear
Functions for Hormones/Metabolites - Orphan Receptors; Cytoplasmic Functions and Crosstalk with Signaling
Molecules, Signaling Pathway of the Steroid Hormone Receptors. Cytokine Receptors- Structure and Activation
of Cytokine Receptors, Jak-Stat Path Way, Janus Kinases, Stat Proteins.

UNIT - 4

REGULATION OF THE CELL CYCLE [7 L]

Overview Of The Cell Cycle, Cell Cycle Control Mechanisms, Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinases (Cdks),
Regulation Of Cell Cycle By Proteolysis, G1/S Phase Transition, G2/M Phase Transition, Cell Cycle Control Of
DNA Replication, DNA Damage Check Points.

UNIT - 5

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

[7 L]
Errors in Function of Signal Proteins And Tumorigenesis. Oncogenes, Proto-Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor
Genes. Tumor Suppressor Protein P53 and Its Role in Tumor Suppression. Tumor Suppressor APC and Wnt/ -
Catenin Signaling. Current Research in Oncogenes And Suppressor Genes, Recent Scenario Of Signaling
Pathways In Interleukins And Cell Surface Receptors.

PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Molecular Biology- David Freifelder, Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Limited, 2005
2. Biochemistry Of Signal Transduction And Regulation. 3rd Edition. Gerhard Krauss, 2003 WILEY- VCH
Verlag Gmbh & Co. Kgaa, Weinheim ISBN: 3-527-30591-2
3. Molecular Biology Of The Cell, 4th Edition, Bruce Alberts. New York: Garland Science; 2002. ISBN- 10:
0-8153-3218-1ISBN-10: 0-8153-4072-9

SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. Molecular Cell Biology, 4th Edition, Harvey Lodish.New York: W. H. Freeman; 2000. ISBN-10: 0-
71673136-3
2. Principles Of Cell And Molecular Biology- Lewis Kleinsmith, 2nd Edition, Illustrated, Harpercollins, 1995.

e- BOOKS
1. Biochemistry of Signal Transduction and Regulation, Second EditionAuthor(s): Gerhard
KraussFirst published:17 July 2001Print ISBN:9783527303786 |Online
SBN:9783527600052 |DOI:10.1002/3527600051Copyright © 2001 Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH
2. Biochemistry, 5th editionJeremy M Berg, John L Tymoczko, and Lubert Stryer. New York: W H Freeman;
2002.ISBN-10: 0-7167-3051-0 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21154/

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

MOOCs
1. https://Www.Open.Edu/Openlearn/Science-Maths-Technology/Cell-Signalling/ContentSection-0?Active-
Tab=Description-Tab

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

1. Elucidate the basic principles of signal transduction mechanisms in heath and disease (PO1)
2. Identify the different types of Extracellular/intracellular Signals And Receptors and correlate to their functional
significance in heath and disease (PO 2)
3. Design the mechanisms by which different receptors may be regulated by ligands (PO 3.PO 5 &PO 12)

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Credits 3

(Stream: Advanced BT)
Course Code 2 3 B T 5 P E M B T L-T-P 3 0 0

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Cell and Molecular biology, Basics of biomolecules, Biochemistry and
bioenergetics, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology
COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course includes microbial growth kinetics, production of bio-pharmaceuticals,
primary & secondary metabolites as well as energy from biomass and organic waste. This course also imparts knowledge
on microbial bioremediation and bioleaching.
COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course enables students to understand microbial metabolism and growth kinetics
and apply the concepts to generate energy from biomass and organic waste as well as to engineer the microbes for production
of biopharmaceuticals, green chemicals and novel compounds.

UNIT - 1 PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM

MICROBES
[10 L]
Producer organisms, metabolic pathways, media employed and fermentation process for production of Solvents -
Alcohol, Glycerol. Organic acids –Citric acid, acetic acid, L-ascorbic acid, lactic acid. Antibiotics – Penicillins
(Penicillin), Cephalosporins (cephalosporin), Aminoglycosides (streptomycin), Tetracyclines (chlortetracycline),
Macrolides (erythromycin A). Amino acids – L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-tryptophan. Vitamins – Vitamin B12, Riboflavin,
Beta-carotene. Beverages from microbes, Microbial polysaccharides and polymers.

UNIT – 2 APPLICATIONS OF MICROBES IN DAIRY, BIOPHARMACEUTICALS,

BREWERY AND FOOD INDUSTRIES
[6 L]
Probiotics and prebiotics: Fundamental aspects and health benefits. Microbiology and technology of fermented
dairy products: Cheese making: Cheese varieties, manufacture of cheddar cheese, Sources and properties of rennets; Yoghurt
making. Production of vaccines and Beer brewing.

UNIT - 3 GREEN CHEMICALS FROM MICROBES

[6 L]
Green chemicals and their advantages, Biosurfactants: Definition, classes, producer microbes, Biosynthesis, Large
scale production (Medium components and conditions) and applications (domestic and industrial). Biopolymers:
Polysaccharides- Bacterial and fungal (composition and producer organisms), structural properties, Bioplastics - PHAs
(PHBs), Producer organisms, metabolic pathways, media source and production.

UNIT – 4 BIOMASS AND ORGANIC WASTE TO ENERGY

[7 L]
Biomass and organic waste-Introduction, Sources, Composition and microbial metabolic processing. Microbial processing
of biomass and spent liquor from sugar industry- molasses and its composition, metabolic pathway, processing of
molasses to ethanol or alcohol (Flow/block diagram), Algal biofuels. Lignocellulosic biomass: Sources and composition,
methods of pre-processing and post-processing, role of microbes and their enzymes. Microbial fuel cells: Definition,
design and compartments, principal mechanism, liquid wastes as substrates, process of electricity generation and its
economics.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT - 5 BIOREMEDIATION AND BIOLEACHING

[10 L]
Uses of Bacteria in Bioremediation – Biodegradation of hydrocarbons, Granular sludge consortia for
bioremediation, crude oil degradation by bacteria, Immobilization of microbes for bioremediation, Methanotrophs, PCB
dechlorination, Genetic engineering of microbes for bioremediation. Phytoremediation – plants capable of assimilating
heavy metals. Case Studies of Pyrite Dissolution in Pachuca Tanks and Depression of Pyrite Flotation by Bacteria, Factors
affecting Microbial Coal Solubilization, Sulfur Leaching by Thermophilic Microbes of Coal Particles,
Production of Ferric Ion for Heap and Dump Leaching, New Bacteriophage which infects Acidophilic, Heterotrophic
Bacteria from Acidic Mining Environments, Treatment of Coal Mine Drainage with Constructed Wetlands.
COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Apply microbial techniques for production of metabolites, chemicals and bio-products (PO1).
2. Formulate bioengineering strategies for large scale-production of metabolic intermediates, biopharmaceuticals,
industrial and recombinant products (PO2, PO3, PO5).
3. Apply the mechanism of microbial metabolism in generating energy by sustainable utilisation of biomass and organic
waste (PO7).
4. Relate the applications of microbes in Bioremediation and Bioleaching (PO6).
PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Microbial Biotechnology Second edition, Alexander N. Glazer, Hiroshi Nikaido
2. Biofuels and Bioenergy, Processes and technologies, Sunggyu Lee and YT Shah
SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. Principles of Fermentation technology, Second edition, Stanbury and A. Whitaker
2. Biofuels, Methods and protocols, Jonathan R. Mielenz e- BOOKS
1. http://www.freebookcentre.net/biology-books-download/Environmental-Biotechnology.html
2. https://www.amazon.in/Microbial-Biotechnology-Applications-Yuan-Kun-ebook/dp/B0058QN37S MOOCs
1. https://www.mooc-list.com/course/tbp01x-technology-biobased-products-edx?static=true
2. http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-341-harnessing-the-biosphere-natural-products-and-biotechnology-fall- 2012/

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE TITLE FOOD MICROBIOLOGY

(Stream: Food Technology)
COURSE CODE 2 3 B T 5 P E F M B Credits 04 L-T-P 3-0-0

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks

(50% weightage)

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Basics of Biomolecules, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell and Molecular

Biology and Genetic Engineering
COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course deals with diversity of microbes and its association with food. The
course content involve microbes and their habitat, food parameters and their influence on microbial types, desirable and
undesirable effects microbes in food, detection and controlling of microbes for improvement of food quality.
COURSE OBJECTIVES: The course mainly emphasize on microbes and their association with food leading to
various biochemical reactions. The course imparts knowledge on principles behind food spoilage, food conversions leading
to desirable products and the current status of fermented foods. Further students will learn the
conventional and the advanced techniques to detect and control the microorganisms in foods.

PART A: THEORY UNIT – 1 Microbial Consortia of Food: Origin, sources and intrinsic and extrinsic
parameters
[6L]
Synopsis of common food borne microbes and their sources. Microbes in water, soil and air (Bacteria and Fungi).
Micro-organisms of Plants, Micro-organisms of Animal Origin (Skin, Nose and Throat).
Factors A ecting the Growth and Survival of Micro-organisms in Foods: Microbial Growth, Intrinsic Factors
(Substrate Limitations)- water activity, Nutrient Content, pH and Bu ering Capacity, Redox Potential, Eh,
Antimicrobial Barriers and Constituents. Extrinsic Factors (Environmental Limitations): Relative Humidity, Temperature,
Gaseous Atmosphere. Implicit Factors.

UNIT - 2 Food Spoilage: General indications, Microbial interactions with foods, Biochemical
reactions and their products
[7H]
Classification of foods based on spoilage, common indications of spoilage. Composition, Microflora, Biochemical reactions
and their products, signs of spoilage of foods: Milk, Meat, Poultry, Fish, Plant products (Fresh, processed and preserved).
Undesirable metabolic activities involving carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
UNIT - 3 Detection of Food borne microbes: Common food pathogens, food borne
infections, conventional and advanced detection methods
[10H]
Food Hazards, Significance of Foodborne Disease, Incidence of Foodborne Illness, Risk Factors Associated with
Foodborne Illness, The Changing Scene and Emerging Pathogens, The Site of Foodborne Illness. The
Alimentary Tract: Its Function and Microflora , The Pathogenesis of diarrheal disease. Characteristics,
pathogenesis, clinical features, isolation and identification of bacteria: S. aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella sp., Yersinia
enterocolitica, E.coli, C.perfringens and C. botulinum. Mycotoxins of fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium), Food
borne viruses (Polio, Hepatitis A and E, Gastroenteritis viruses).
Detection of food pathogens: Indicator Organisms, Direct Examination, Cultural Techniques Conventional and
advanced (selective, differential and enrichment media), Enumeration Methods: Plate Counts, Most Probable Number
Counts. Alternative Methods: Dye-reduction Tests, Electrical Methods, ATP Determination. Rapid Methods for the
Detection of Specific Organisms and Toxins: Immunological Methods, DNA/RNA Methodology, Subtyping.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT - 4

Microbial food products: Microbes Fermented foods with major bio- chemical reactions.
[10H]
Introduction, Yeasts. SCP and Probiotics. Lactic acid Bacteria (LAB): Activities of LAB in Foods, Antimicrobial
Activity of LAB, Health-promoting E ects of LAB-Probiotics, The Malo-lactic Fermentation. Fermented Milks: Yoghurt,
Other Fermented Milks. Cheese: Types, composition, bacteria and fungi in cheese processing. Fermented Vegetables:
Sauerkraut and Kimchi , Olives, Cucumbers. Fermented Meats, Fermented Fish. Beer, Vinegar, Mould Fermentations,
Tempeh, Soy Sauce and Rice Wine, Mycoprotein.

UNIT - 5 Control of microorganisms in foods

[6H]
Heat Processing: Pasteurization and Appertization, Quantifying the Thermal Death of Micro- organisms: D and z
Values, Heat Sensitivity of Micro-organism, Describing a Heat Process, Spoilage of Canned Foods, Aseptic Packaging.
Irradiation: Microwave Radiation, UV Radiation, Ionizing Radiation, High-Pressure
Processing–Pascalization, Low-Temperature Storage: Chill Storage, Freezing. Chemical Preservatives: Organic
Acids and Esters, Nitrite, Sulfur Dioxide, Natamycin, ‘Natural’ Food Preservatives.

PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Food Microbiology by Martin R Adams Maurice O Moss, 3rd edition, RSC Publishing.
2. Food Microbiology, by W. M. Foster, CBS Publishers & Distributors, 2019.

SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. Textbook of Food Microbiology by Veerendrakumar pandey, INSC International Publisher (IIP), 2021.
2. Food Microbiology by N. Ramanathan, New India Publishing Agency (NIPA), 2021.
3. Modern Food Microbiology, By James M. Jay. Springer Netherlands, 2012.

e- BOOKS
1. Applications of Biotechnology in Traditional Fermented Foods. By ‘Panel on the Applications of
Biotechnology to Traditional Fermented Foods, National Research
Council’
2. Food Microbiology (Sie) by Frazier,Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 1987 3. Modern Food Micro-Biology:
James M.Jay, (2005), CBS Publishers.

MOOCs

1. Food Security and Sustainability:Crop production(edX) https://www.mooclist.com/course/food-

securityand-sustainability-crop-production-edx?static=true

2. Nutrition and Health Part 3: Food Safety (edX). https://www.mooc-list.com/course/nutritionand-health-

part3-food-safety-edx?static=true

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

1. Understand the sources, factors affecting and deleterious effects of microbes and their products in foods (PO1).
2. Assess the major biochemical reactions and the products responsible for the desirable and undesirable effects of microbes
in foods (PO2, PO6).
3. Evaluate the different conventional and advanced strategies to detect the microbes in real time and control their
growth in foods (PO2, PO5).
4. Survey, compare and contrast the data, generate a report and communicate effectively (PO1, PO9, PO10& PO12).

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

VACCINES AND CANCER

Course Title IMMUNOTHERAPHY Credits 3
(Vaccines & Regenerative Biology/Medicines)

Course Code 2 3 B T 5 P E V C I L-T-P 3 0 0

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
Immunology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Genetic Engineering, Bioinformatics and Genomics
& Proteomics.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course emphasizes on various aspects pertaining to viral immunology and
Vaccines. This course also provides immunological applications of treating cancer and various other diseases.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course is designed to impart good basic knowledge of viral immunology,
vaccines, their types and usage for treating cancer and other diseases.

UNIT I

IMMUNOLOGICAL CONCEPTS IN VACCINOLOGY [9L]

Short history of vaccination, requirements for induction of immunity, Epitopes, linear and conformational
epitopes, characterisation and location of APC, MHC and immunogenicity, Rationale of vaccine design based on clinical
requirements: Hypersensitivity, Immunity to Infection, Autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, mechanism of adjuvant action,
Scope of future vaccine strategies.

UNIT II

CLASSIFICATION OF VACCINES AND ITS PREPARATIONS [9L]

Active and passive immunization; Viral/bacterial/parasite vaccine differences, methods of vaccine preparation –
Live, killed, attenuated, sub unit vaccines; Vaccine technology- Role and properties of adjuvants, recombinant DNA and
protein-based vaccines, plant-based vaccines, edible vaccines, reverse vaccinology, combination vaccines, therapeutic
vaccines; Peptide vaccines, conjugate vaccines; Cell based vaccines.
UNIT III VIRAL IMMUNOLOGICAL CONCEPTS [7 L]

Introduction to Viruses, Viral Pathogenesis, Methods of Immune Evasion, T Cell Exhaustion, Passive
Immunotherapy, Adjuvants and Immune Activation, Viral Invasion, Viral Replication, Immune Responses to Viruses,
cytokine storm.
UNIT IV CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY
[7 L]
Basic biology of Cancer, Hallmarks of cancer, Incidences of cancer occurrence and prevalence of various types
of cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors and Monoclonal antibodies,

Monoclonal antibodies use in cancer treatments and examples, CAR-T cell technology and usage for cancer
treatment, Cancer vaccines and examples, dendritic cell therapy.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT V
ANIMAL TESTING, COMMERCIALISATION, QUALITY CONTROL [7L]

Quality control and regulations in vaccine research, In-vitro experimental validations for predictions of vaccines
by software, Animal testing, Rational design to clinical trials, Large scale production, Commercialization, ethics.

PRIMARY REFERENCES:
1. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. The Pink Book: Course Textbook - 14th Edition
(2021), CDC, USA
2. Plotkin's Vaccines. 8th Edition - December 21, 2022, Authors: Walter A. Orenstein, Paul A. Offit, Kathryn M.
Edwards, Stanley A. Plotkin, ISBN: 9780323790581
3. Cancer Immunotherapy Principles and Practice Textbook, 2nd Ed. Lisa H. Butterfield, Howard L. Kaufman,
Francesco M. Marincola, MD
E-B OOKS:

1. Pinkbook Course Book: Epidemiology of Vaccine ... – CDC

2. THE VACCINATION BOOKLET FOR EVERYONEhttps://www.impfen-info.de/download/5295-
1628523810-BMG_Impfbuch-fuer-alle_EN.pdf/
3. Cancer immunotherapy: a promising dawn in cancer research. Banashree Bondhopadhyay1*, Sandeep
Sisodiya1https://e-century.us/files/ajbr/10/6/ajbr0123367.pdf

MOOCS:
1. Vaccinology (FUN). Institut Pasteur
2. The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Use of mRNA Vaccines, edx

Course outcomes (COs)

1. Differentiate innate, passive, and active immunity (PO1)

2. Classify vaccine types and components (PO1)
3. Develop a strategy for vaccine development for various diseases(PO1)
4. Evaluate the process of vaccines safety (PO1 and 12)

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title BIOINFORMATICS LABORATORY

Course Code 2 3 B T 5 P C B I L Credits 01 L–T–P 0–0–1

List of experiments

1. Sequence retrieval and similarity search (FASTA and BLAST) from nucleic acid and protein databases.
2. Pairwise and multiple alignments of sequences – Analysis of parameters affecting alignment.
3. Evolutionary studies / Phylogenetic analysis
4. HMM construction and searches using protein database
5. Restriction site mapping and analysis.
6. Primer Design- Factors affecting primer design.
7. Assign SCOP domains to sequences using the SUPERFAMILY hidden Markov models.
8. Pattern elucidation in Proteins using PROSITE.
9. PDB Structure retrieval, Visualization and analysis of Protein Ligand interactions
10. Secondary structure prediction of proteins
11. 3D Structure prediction by Homology Modeling and Validation of modeled 3D structures – Structural analysis.
12. Superposition of structures – Calculation of RMSD and analysis.
13. Lead identification and Molecular docking.
14. UALCAN for cancer genomic data analysis
15. cBioprotal for cancer genomic and proteomic data analysis.

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB

Lab manual by Faculty

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

CO1 Conduct experiments to perform sequence analysis, phylogenetic analysis, restriction site mapping,
primer designing, visualization of protein structures, Insilico drug discovery.(PO4)

CO-PO-PSO mapping

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PS PS PS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 O1 O2 O3
CO 3 2
1

ASSESSMENT
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes continuous evaluation for each experiment for
conduction, record and viva.

Semester End Examination (SEE): Includes laboratory examination that includes program/ code writing
and conduction of given experiment and viva

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE TITLE BIOANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES LAB

COURSE CODE 2 3 B T 5 P C B T L C 0 L 0
23BT5PCBTL credits 1 L-T-P 0-0-1
CIE 100 marks (50%weightage) S 100 marks
EE (50% weightage)

BIOANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES LABORATORY

1. Separation of mixture of amino acids /sugars/plant pigments etc by TLC
2. Separation of proteins by Gel filtration
3. Determination of a metabolite by HPLC
4. Separation of phytochemicals by HPLC
5. Resolving of proteins by native PAGE
6. Determination of molecular weight of proteins by SDS PAGE
7. Isoelectric focussing of proteins
8. Resolve nucleic acids by agarose gel electrophoresis
9. Determine melting temperature and % GC content of the given DNA sample
10. Investigating Protein: Nucleic Acid Interactions by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA)

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB

Lab manual by Faculty

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

1. CO1 Design, conduct experiments related to quantitative analysis of biomolecules and interpret data
(PO4 )
CO-PO-PSO mapping
P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
O O O O O O O O O O O O S S S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 O O O
0 1 2 1 2 3
C 3 3
O
1

ASSESSMENT
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes continuous evaluation for each experiment
for conduction, record and viva.
Semester End Examination (SEE): Includes laboratory examination that includes procedure
writing and conduction of given experiment and viva.

83
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title Research Methodology and IPR

Course Code 23CH5AERMI Credits 0L – T – P 2-0-0
2
CIE 100 marks (50% SEE 100 marks (50%
weightage) weightage)

COURSE OUTCOMES
CO1: Write and present a substantial technical report/document
CO2: Demonstrate a degree of mastery over the area of specialization
Unit 1
Meaning and sources of research problem, Objectives and Characteristics of research; Errors 6
Hrs
in selecting research problem; Research methods versus; Methodology; Types of research;
Criteria of good research; Developing a research plan.
Unit 2
Investigations of a research problem; Selecting the problem - Necessity of defining the 5
Hrs
problem; Data collections-analysis; Importance of literature review in defining a problem;
Survey of literature; Necessary instrumentations.
Unit 3
How to write paper: Conference articles; poster preparation; thesis report writing, inclusion of 5
Hrs
references; journal reviewing; process, journal selection process, filling. Journal template,
developing effective research proposal-plagiarism-research ethics.
Unit 4
Nature of Intellectual property: IPRs; Invention and Creativity; Importance and Protection of 5
Hrs
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs): Procedure for grant of patents and patenting under PCT-
types of patents; technological research and innovation- international cooperation on IP.
Unit 5
A brief summary of Patents; Copyrights; Trademarks, patent rights; Licensing and transfer of 5
Hrs
technology; patent databases; case studies on IPR; Geographical indications; new
developments in IPR; Protection of IPR rights
TEXTBOOKS
1. Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, An introduction to Research Methodology, RBSA
Publishers, U.K., 2002.
2. Subbarau N R, Handbook of Intellectual property law and practice, S Viswanathan Printers and
Publishing Private Limited, 1998.

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REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Kothari, C.R., Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International. 418p,
1990.
2. Anderson, T. W., An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Wiley Eastern Pvt., Ltd.,
New Delhi.
3. Sinha, S.C. & Dhiman, A.K., Research Methodology, ESS Publications. Vol. 1 and Vol. 2, 2002.

E- BOOKS

1. Ioannis K. Kookos, “Practical Chemical Process Optimization with MATLAB® and GAMS®”, Springer,
2022, https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-11298-0.

2. Frank (Xin X.) Zhu, “Energy and Process Optimization for the Process Industries”, Wiley, 2013,
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118782507.

MOOC and ONLINE COURSES:

1. Optimization in Chemical Engineering, NPTEL Swayam Course, By Prof. Debasis Sarkar, IIT Kharagpur,
https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc23_ch22/preview.

SEE QUESTION PAPER PATTERN:

1. Overall question paper pattern to have seven questions from five units.
2. Five questions to be answered.
3. One question from each unit.
4. One question each from Unit I, II, III and two questions each from Unit IV and V.
COURSE OUTCOMES (COs):

COURSE OUTCOMES PROG LEVEL

RAMME
OUTCOMES
C Apply the knowledge of mathematics in arriving at PO2 3
O optimum conditions.
1
C Realize the need for optimization as a part of process PO7 2
O industries for sustainable development.
2
C Solve the developed objective function using PO2 3
O different mathematical approximation and
3 optimization tools.
C Relate the optimal conditions to optimize the PO6 2
O different operations by utilizing available resources.
4

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

ASSESSMENT:

Continuous Internal Assessments Marks 100% Assessmen

(Weightage 50%) t
Theory Three Internals (Best of Two) 80% Course
Component Instructor

AAT 20% Course

Instructor

Semester End Examination (Written Marks 100

Examination for Three Hours) (Weightage 50%)

ASSESSMENT PATTERN:

Component Theory (100%) Total Marks

Test 1 Test AAT
2
Max. Marks 40 40 2 100
0
Reduced 20 20 1 50
CIE 0

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DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

VI SEMESTER

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS Credits 3

Course Code 2 3 B T 6 P C G A P L-T-P 3 0 0

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Basics of Biomolecules, Biochemistry and Bioenergetics, Cell and Molecular
Biology, Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics.
COURSE DESCRIPTION: The course gives comprehensive view on the genetic organization of living
organisms and contemporary high through put approaches for genome sequencing. The course also deals with high through
put methods for genome, transcriptome and proteome analysis.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this course is to provide insights into high-throughput analysis by various methods of
fundamental biomolecules such DNA, RNA and proteins. This course provides a platform to understand the networks
underlying the cellular functions of living organisms.

UNITI GENOME SEQUENCING

[7 L]
Genome organization, sizes and C-value paradox, need for whole genome sequencing. First generation sequencing
techniques and approaches: fluorescent automated method, shot gun and clone contig approaches. Next generation
sequencing technologies: steps involved in MPS. Pyro sequencing, illumina sequencing methods. Third generation
sequencing: Nanopore sequencing.
UNIT II GENOME MAPPING
[6 L]
Need for mapping, Genetic and physical techniques for mapping: Restriction mapping-double digestion, partial
digestion, optical mapping, FISH and FISH amplification in mapping, Sequence alignment and software packages.

UNIT III GENOME ANALYSIS

[10 L]
Finding genes in genomes, assigning function to new genes. Importance of non-coding sequences- micro RNAs,
Sh RNAs, PiWi and RNA interference. Molecular markers: RFLPs, RAPD, AFLP, micro and mini satellite markers, SNPs-
types, methods of analysis and applications. Methods of measurement of mRNA expression- DNA micro arrays, RNA
sequencing, DDRT-PCR, Quantitative- PCR.

UNIT IV QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS

[10 L]
Protein extraction, quantification, Cell-free protein production, Gel-based quantitative proteomics: Fluorescence
2-D Difference Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE), Gel-free mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics, MALDI, and
SELDI, Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Protein Identification and Peptide Mass finger printing.
Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC), Isotope Coded Affinity Tag (ICAT), Isobaric Tagging for
Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ), multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). Proteolytic
labeling with [18O]-water, MS for PTM analysis, proteomic data analysis, Application of quantitative proteomics, Merits
and demerits of gel-free quantitative proteomic techniques

UNIT V INTERACTOMICS
[6 L]
Techniques to study protein-protein Interactions (Yeast Two-Hybrid (YTH), Immunoprecipitation (IP),
Protein microarrays (Abundance-based microarrays and function-based microarrays), Protein-protein interactions to

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

understand biological Systems, pros and cons of using various interactomics techniques, Label- free nanotechnologies in
proteomics: Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), carbon nanotubes & nanowires.

PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Genomes by Brown T A, 2006, Fifth edition, Blackwell Science
2. Gene Cloning & DNA Analysis: An Introduction by Brown T A, 2006, Fifth edition, Blackwell Science.
3. Introduction to Proteomics: Tools for the New Biology, D.C. Liebler, Humana Press, 2002.
4. Proteomics: From Protein Sequence to Function, S. R. Pennington, Michael J. Dunn. Garland Science,
5. Principles of Proteomics, R.M. Twyman, Bios Scientific Pub., 2004.

SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. A Primer of Genome Science by Greg Gibson and Spencer V, Third Edition, Muse,February 2009

2. Proteomics in Practice: A Guide to Successful Experimental Design, R. Westermeier, T. Naven, H-R. Höpker, Wiley-
VCH, 2008.

e-BOOKS
1. Genomes by Brown T A, 2006, Fifth edition, Blackwell Science
2. Principles of gene manipulation by S. B. Primrose, Richard M. Twyman, R. W. Old – 2001.

MOOCs
1. http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/102103017/30
2. http://www.nptel.ac.in/syllabus/102101007/

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

1. Select and describe techniques and approaches for genome sequencing. Analyze and interpret related data (PO1, 5,
12).
2. Select and describe applications of various contemporary genome mapping techniques as well as interpret related
data (PO1, 5, 12).
3. Select and describe applications of contemporary high-throughput techniques for analysis of genomes,
transcriptomes and Proteomes. (PO 5, 12).
4. Differentiate the application of contemporary high-throughput techniques for protein protein interaction
studies.(PO1,12)

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE TITLE ENZYME TECHNOLOGY AND KINETICS

COURSE CODE 23 B T 6 P C E T K Credits 04 L-T-P 2-1-0

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50%

weightage)

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Basics of Biomolecules, Biochemistry and Bioenergetics, Cell and Molecular
Biology, and Genetic Engineering
COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course deals with one of the largest group of biomolecules what we know as
enzymes. This course will cover various methods of extraction and purification of enzymes followed by activity
determination. It also includes determination of kinetic parameters,various mechanism of enzyme action, immobilization
techniques and effect of immobilization on the kinetic parameters and methods of creating novel enzymes.
COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course is designed to give insights on fundamentals of enzyme technology and
applied biocatalysis. The course imparts knowledge on basic biochemical principles governing enzyme reactions, the
mathematical models used to represent enzyme kinetics.Students will learn different types of enzyme mechanisms and
applicationsof enzymes in medicine and industry.

PART A: THEORY UNIT – 1

FUNDAMENTALS OF ENZYME ACTIVITY AND METHODS OF EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION
[6L+2T
] Introduction and scope to enzyme science & engineering, characteristic features of enzymes, enzymes as biocatalysts,
classification and nomenclature, types of enzyme specificities, Extraction of enzymes: Extraction of soluble enzymes and
membrane-bound enzymes, nature of extraction medium and conditions of extraction. Purification of enzymes:preliminary
and secondary purification procedures, degree of purification and criteria of purity of enzymes, uses of parameters such as
specific activity, fold purification and % yield in purification, determination of molecular mass of enzymes, uses of
molecular weight information,conceptual numerical.
UNIT - 2
ENZYME KINETICS
[5L+2T]
Units of enzyme activity, Enzyme kinetics, initial velocity studies, formation of ES complex, derivation of
Michaelis-Menton equation, definition of Km,Vmax , Kcat,Kcat/Km Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hofstee plots, deviation
from hyperbolic enzyme kinetics, role of effector molecules in enzyme kinetics, effect of temperature and pH on enzyme
activity. Enzyme inhibition: competitive, uncompetitive and non-competitive; Regulations – allosteric and feedback
regulation. Conceptual numericals. Methods for investigating the kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions – Initial velocity
studies, rapid-reaction techniques.
UNIT - 3
BIOCATALYTIC FUNCTIONS
[6L+3T]
Mechanism of enzyme action: active site, activation energy and the reaction coordinate binding energy
contribution to reaction specificity and catalysis. Catalytic mechanisms: Acid-base catalysis (ribonuclease A), Covalent
catalysis (chymotrypsin), Metal ion catalysis (Carbonic anhydrase), catalysis through proximity and orientation effects,
Substratestrain (lysozyme) & entropy effects. Mechanism of coenzymes (NAD+/NADP+, FAD/FADH , PLP, Coenzyme
A, TPP, Biotin).

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT - 4 ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION TECHNIQUES

[4L+3T]
Immobilization of enzymes: Techniques of enzyme immobilization physical adsorption, ionic binding, covalent
binding, chelation, entrapment, encapsulation and cross-linking, kinetics of immobilized enzymes, effect of solute partition
& diffusion on the kinetics, , applications of immobilized enzymes with case studies.

UNIT - 5 ENZYME ENGINEERING

[5L+3T]
Reaction engineering for enzyme-catalyzed biotransformation, biocatalysis in nonconventional media; enzymes
in organic solvents, advantages of biocatalysts in organic media, biocatalysts from extreme thermophilic and
hyperthermophilic microorganisms (extremozymes), artificial enzymes, catalytic antibodies, ribozymes, methods for the
design and construction ofnovel enzymes.
PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Fundaments of Enzymology by Nicholas C Price and Stevens Oxford Press. (1999).
2. Enzymes – Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Clinical Chemistry by Trevor Palmer.
3. Biotransformations in organic synthesis by Faber.
4. Enzymes in Industry: Production and Applications by W. Gerhartz
(1990), VCH Publishers,NY
5. Enzyme Technology by M.F. Chaplin and C. Bucke, CUP, Cambridge,1990
SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. Enzyme Technology by Messing.
2. Purifying Proteins for Proteomics by Richard J Simpson, IKInternational, 2004 3. Proteins and Proteomics by Richard
JSimpson, IK International, 2003
4. Enzymes by Dixon and Webb. IRL Press.
5. Principles of Enzymology for technological Applications byButterworth Heinemann Ltd.Oxford (1993). 6.
Biocatalyst for Industry by J.S. Dordrick (1991), Plenum press, Newyork. e-BOOKS 1.
http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/45240099 2. http://biotech.unigreifswald.
de/assets/downloads/3527304975_c01.pdf
3. http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-3527329897.html
4.https://global.oup.com/academic/product/fundamentalsof-enzymology-
MOOCs
1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/102102033/28

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

1. Evaluate appropriate methods for isolation, purification and characterization of enzymes and analyse and solve related
problems(PO1 & PO2).
2. Analyze and solve problems related to kinetics of enzymatic reactions(PO2).
3. Compare and contrast methods in enzyme catalysis and interpret therelated data (PO1).
4. Illustrate immobilization techniques and their applications (PO1 &PO7).
5. Comprehend the applications of nonconventional media in enzyme catalysis and design the methods for the creation of
novel enzymes(PO1 & PO3).
6. Design, conduct experiments, analyse and interpret results related toenzyme reaction kinetics (PO1, PO3, PO4 & PO7).

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND

Title FINANCE Credits 2

Course
23BT6HSPMF L-T-P 2 0 0
Code

PRE-REQUISITES:
Process Plant Design and Economics
COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course deals with planning, scheduling, organizing, and managing projects and
information systems, Primary emphasis is on the project management process and tools used by professional management
organizations serving process and IT industry. Specifically, the focus is on the nine project management areas as defined
by the Project Management Institute. These include project integration, scope, time, cost & cost controls, tradeoffs, quality,
human resources, communications, risk, and procurement management.
COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course enables students to follow a structured approach for managing the projects

UNIT 1
[4 hours]
PROJECT IDENTIFICATION & FORMULATION
Characterization of project, Functional management, Project Life cycle & its phases, defining the project scope,
establishing project, project feasibility, Roles and responsibility of project manager,

UNIT 2
[7 hours]
PROJECT PLANNING, SCHEDULING & FINANCING
Work breakdown structure, Gantt chart, Developing project schedule: scheduling techniques, terminologies in
networking and networking convention: PERT, CPM, procurement schedule, Sources of finance, role of financial institution
in project financing, financial analysis of projects.

UNIT 3
[7 hours]
PROJECT EXECUTION, CO-ORDINATION & CONTROL
Communication in a project, Management Information system (MIS), project co-ordination, cost control,
Controlling project costs: Project cost Vs project completion time, normal time and crash time, time and cost tradeoffs,
balance sheet, budget, Introduction to block chain.

UNIT 4
[4 hours]
CONTRACT AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMET
Types of contracts, sub-contract, tendering procedures, types of payments to contractors, project organization
structure project teams, project leadership, project risk management.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT 5
[4 hours]
PROJECT PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT & EVALUATION
Termination & closeout responsibilities, performance indicators, project evaluation objectives,
evaluation methods, post audit: phases & types, audits and audit reports, agencies for post audit.

COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Check the feasibility of project and categorize its life cycle
2. Apply scheduling and financing techniques for given project
3. Develop cost control strategies for project
4. Prepare project charter for research work and communicate the same by report submission

PRIMARY REFERENCES

1. Project Management: S.Chodhary, Tata McGraw Hill Publication.

2. Project Management: K.Nagarajan, Sixth edition, New Age International Publishers.
SECONDARY REFERENCES

1. Project Management: Rosy Burke, Fourth Edition, Weily India edition.

2. Project Management: Clifford F Crray and Erile W Harson, Third Edition, McGraw Hill publication.
3. Project Management: John.M.Nichola and Herman Stey, Third edition, Elsevier publication.
E-BOOKS
1. http://www.free-management-ebooks.com/Principles of project management-Powl Newton &Helon Bristol ]

MOOCs
1. Fundamentals of Project Planning and Management (Coursera)
2. Financial Decision Rules for Project Evaluation (edX)

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY Credits 4

Course Code 23 B T 6 P C B P T L-T-P-S 3 0 1 0

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Microbiology, Basics of biomolecules, Unit operations, Biochemistry, Genetic

engineering, Bio analytical techniques, Reaction engineering.
COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course emphasizes on applications of microorganisms in fermentation industry.
Students will be introduced to various fermentation processes, basic design of the fermenter, media formulation and different
aseptic techniques used in the fermentation industries. Student will be exposed to various downstream processing techniques
to recover and purify value added products.
COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course is designed to illustrate the applications of micro-organisms in
fermentation industry. This course also imparts good operational knowledge on design of fermenter, aseptic operations and
separation techniques to develop and recover value added products from living organisms. Further students will be able to
handle fermenter, design media, optimize process parameters and differentiate between different separations techniques to
design a combination of downstream techniques for a given process to provide bioprocess engineering solutions.
PART A– THEORY
UNIT - 1 ISOLATION, STRAIN IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF
MICROBIAL INOCULA
[5L+2T]
The Range of Fermentation processes, industrially important microorganisms, screening of Microorganisms,
Preservation and strain improvement (Mutant selection, Recombinant DNA methods) of industrially important
Micro-organisms. Development of inocula for industrial fermentations – criteria for inoculum transfer, development of
inocula for yeast, bacterial and mycelia processes.
UNIT - 2 MEDIA FORMULATION AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION
[6L+4T]
Functional requirements of Fermenters and Basic design, types of fermenters, Aseptic operation and Containment;
Media formulation and optimization, Design of batch and continuous sterilization. Achievement and maintenance of aseptic
condition: Sterilization of fermenter(SIP,FSIP,ESIP), air supply and exhaust gas from a fermenter, addition of inoculum,
nutrients and other supplements, sampling, feed ports, sensor probes. Aeration and Agitation. Instrumentation and Control
of various operational parameters (pH, Temperature, Pressure, Agitation, Antifoam, PO2).
UNIT - 3 SCOPE OF DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING
[5L+3T] Role
and importance of downstream processing. criteria for selection of bio-separation techniques.
Characteristics of biological mixtures, Process design Criteria with flow charts for various classes of byproducts
(Cases studies for high volume-low value products and low volume-high Value products), Cell disruption methods for
intracellular products. Filtration methods.

UNIT - 4 MEMBRANE ENRICHMENT OPERATIONS

[5L+2T] Use of
membrane diffusion as a tool for separating and characterizing naturally occurring Polymers; solute polarization and cake
formation in membrane ultra-filtration – causes, consequences and control techniques; enzyme processing using ultra
filtration membranes; separation by solvent membranes; ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis; Membrane – based separations
(Micro- and Ultra-filtration) theory; design and configuration of membrane separation equipment; applications; precipitation
methods with salts, organic solvents and polymers, supercritical extraction; In-situ product removal/integrated
bioprocessing.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT - 5 SECONDARY PRODUCT SEPARATION TECHNIQUES AND PRODUCT

RECOVERY
[5L+2T]
Liquid-liquid extractions, Crystallization: Principles of crystallization, crystallization equipment. Drying: Various
types of drying methods, principles of drying, various types of industrial dryers and their criteria for choice. Freeze
drying technique.
PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Principles of Fermentation Technology by P.F. Stanbury, A. Whitkar and S.J. Hall, 1997, Aditya Book, New Delhi.
2. Bioseparation – Downstream processing for biotechnology by Belter P.A., Cussier E. and WeiShan Hu., Wiley
Interscience Pub, 1988.
3. Bioseparations by Belter P.A. and Cussier E., Wiley, 1985.
4. Product Recovery in Bioprocess Technology - BIOTOL Series, VCH, 1990

SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. Biochemical Engineeringby Bailey and Ollis, McGraw Hill Publisher.
2. Fermentation advancesby Perlman. D (Ed), Aca press, New York.
3. Bioprocess Engineeringby Shuler and Kargi Prentice Hall, 1992.

e- BOOKS
1. http://www.springer.com/us/book/9780751403640
2. http://ebookszones.blogspot.in/2011/05/principles-of-fermentation-technology_23.html

MOOCs
1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/102106022/
2. https://www.class-central.com/tag/bioprocess

COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Comprehend and apply the inoculum development and strain improvement techniques for a desired fermentation
process. (PO1)
2. Select a fermenter and formulate suitable media for a desired fermentation process. (PO1, PO3)
3. Apply techniques and processes for batch and continuous sterilization and solve related problems. (PO1, PO2, PO5)
4. Apply various downstream techniques for product isolation, separation and purification. (PO1, PO5)
5. Conduct experiments for production, isolation and recovery of bio - products. (PO4)

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVES

Course Title SYSTEMS BIOLOGY

(Computational Biology)

Course Code 2 3 B T 6 P E S Y B Credits 03 L–T–P 3–0–0

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50% weightage)

COURSE PREREQUISITES: Molecular biology, Biochemistry, Enzyme technology and kinetics, Process Engineering
thermodynamics, Mathematical concepts.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: Systems biology is the scientific discipline that studies the systemic properties and dynamic
interactions in a biological object. This course is designed to provide an overview of systems biology as a rapidly developing
field with established and emerging tools and methods. Students will be able to learn how to formulate mathematical models
of biological processes, how to analyse them, how to use experimental data and other types of knowledge to make models
more precise, and how to interpret their simulation results.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: Systems biology is an emerging field that aims to understand biological systems and organisms
at the systems level rather than focusing on only a small number of components. This helps understand the biological
mechanisms at a deeper level which is necessary for effectively developing applications that would benefit human society.
Systems biology is interested in investigating the working principles of transcriptional, signal transduction and metabolic
networks and how organisms utilize them for sensing and responding to environmental signals

UNIT – 1 Introduction to Systems Biology [7L]

What is a Model, Dynamic Mathematical Model, why it is needed, how they are used, Basic Features, Dynamic
Mathematical Models in Molecular Cell Biology: Drug target prediction in Trypanosoma brucei metabolism, Identifying
the source of oscillatory behaviour in NF-kB signalling, Model-based design of an engineered genetic toggle switch,
Establishing the mechanism for neuronal action potential generation. Analysis of Dynamic Mathematical Models: sensitivity
analysis, parameter fitting.

UNIT – 2 Model Fitting, Reduction, and Coupling [7L]

Parameter Estimation, Regression, Estimators, and Maximal Likelihood, parameter Identifiability, Bootstrapping,
Probability Distributions for Rate Constants, Optimization Methods, Model Selection, The Problem of Model Selection,
Selection Criteria, Model Reduction, Model Simplification, Reduction of Fast Processes, Quasi-Equilibrium and
Quasi-Steady State, Global Model Reduction.

UNIT – 3 Structural Modeling and Analysis of Biochemical Networks: [9L]

System Equations, Information Encoded in the Stoichiometric Matrix, The Flux Cone, Elementary Flux Modes and Extreme
Pathways, conservation relations – Null Space of NT
Constraint-Based Flux Optimization: Flux Balance Analysis, Geometric Interpretation of Flux Balance Analysis,
Thermodynamic Constraints, Applications and Tests of the Flux Optimization Paradigm, Extensions of Flux Balance
Analysis, Exercises, Basic Components of ODE Models, Illustrative Examples of ODE Models.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT – 4 Data Formats, Simulation Techniques, and Modeling Tools [9L]

Simulation Techniques and Tools: Differential Equations, Stochastic Simulations, Simulation Tools: MATLAB Simbiology
toolbox, Cell designer, COPASI.Standards and Formats for Systems Biology: Systems Biology Markup Language, BioPAX,
Systems Biology Graphical Notation.
Data Resources for Modeling of Cellular Reaction Systems: General-Purpose Databases, Pathway Databases, Model
Databases. Sustainable Modeling and Model Semantics: Standards for Systems Biology Models , Model Semantics and
Model Comparison, Model Combination, Model Validity.

UNIT – 5 Models of metabolic and signalling Systems [7L]

Metabolic Systems: Basic Elements of Metabolic Modeling, Toy Model of Upper Glycolysis, Threonine Synthesis Pathway
Model.
Signalling Pathways: Function and Structure of Intra- and Intercellular Communication, Receptor–Ligand Interactions,
Structural Components of Signalling Pathways, analysis of Dynamic and Regulatory Features of Signalling Pathways.

Text books:
1. Systems Biology: A Textbook, 2nd Edition (Wiley). Edda Klipp, Wolfram Liebermeister, Christoph Wierling, Axel
Kowald.
2. Mathematical Modelling in Systems Biology: An Introduction. The MIT Press. Brian Ingalls
Course Outcomes
1. Comprehend the concepts of systems biology.
2. Able to create and design model of biochemical systems. (PO3)
3. Able to apply the tools and techniques. (PO1, PO5)
4. Analyse and optimize the model system. (PO2)

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE TITLE TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY

(Stream: Pharma BT)
COURSE CODE 23 B T 6 P E T A P Credits 00 L-T-P 3-0-0

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50%

weightage)

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Basics of Biomolecules, Bioinformatics,

Genetic Engineering.
COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course includes concepts on mechanisms of action of drugs from the level of
the cell, to the organ, and to the organism as a whole. It also deals with concepts related to identification of potential drug
targets, and defines adverse effects of chemicals such as drugs, industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants. It also
describes important toxicological principles ,and mechanisms of toxicity.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This course provides fundamental information and the general principles of pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetics .It explains the basis of Drug dosage and target specificity and the role of various drugs on Metabolic
processes as well as principles of toxicology and toxicity assessment

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY (7L)

Nature and source of drugs, routes of drug administration and their advantages. Drug absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion, Bioavailability, first pass metabolism, excretion and Bio equivalence, biological half-life of drug
and its significance.

UNIT II PHARMACODYNAMIC AND TARGET SPECIFICITY (6L)

Principles and mechanism of drug action, factors affecting drug action. General considerations, pharmacological
classification, mechanism of action with case studies, tolerance and dependence.

UNIT III PRINCIPLES PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACOTHERAPY (10L)

Basic concepts, Adverse Drug Reactions and treatment of poisoning. Basic Concepts of Pharmacotherapy,
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and individualization of Drug Therapy, Drug Use During Infancy and in the Elderly (Pediatrics
& Geriatrics), Drug use during Pregnancy, drug induced Diseases.

UNIT IV PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY (9L)

Brief history, scope, different areas of modern toxicology, classification of toxic Substances, various definitions
of toxicological significance. Effect of duration, frequency, route and site of exposure of xenobiotics on its toxicity.
Characteristic and types of toxic response.

UNITV EVALUATION OF TOXICITY (7L)

Dose response curve, various types of dose response relationships, assumptions in Deriving
dose response, LD50, LC50, TD50 and therapeutic index.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Cassarett and Duoll's Toxicology: The basic science of poison. 8th edition (2013) C. D.
Klaassen; McGraw Hill Publishers, NewYork. ISBN: 9780071769235.
2. Cassarett and Doull’s “Essentials of Toxicology”, 7th Edition (2010), C. Klaassen and J. B.
Whatkins; McGraw Hill Publisher, ISBN: 978-0071622400.
3. Principles of Toxicology. (2015By Karen E. Stine, Thomas M. Brown) 3rd edition CRC
press
4. Pharmacology, 7th edition (2011), H.P. Rang, M. M. Dale, J. M. Ritter and P. K. Moore;
Churchill Livingstone, ISBN: 9780702045042.

COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Understand the importance drug dosage, exposure and target specificity
2. Distinguish different phases of drug and toxicants metabolism (PO1)
3. Demonstrate the principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics PO5)
4. Illustrate toxicity risk assessment and fate of toxicants in humans. (PO5,PO12)

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

(Stream: Advanced BT)

Course Code 2 3 B T 6 P E P B T Credits 03 L – T – P 3– 0 – 0

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Cell And Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Environmental Biotechnology and
Genetic Engineering.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is designed as a comprehensive exploration to the field of Plant
Biotechnology. The course explains applications of modern biotechnological tools that have resulted in greater advances for
agriculture and society. It’s an interdisciplinary course and involves basic knowledge of Cell Biology, Genetic Engineering,
Bioinformatics and Biochemistry. This course covers the methods, applications, and implementation of plant biotechnology
in agriculture. The topics covered include technical as well as regulatory and policy aspects of aspects of plant
biotechnology.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The aim of the course is to give insights into classical and modern plant biotechnology
approaches and procedures for the production of genetically improved traits in crops. Further students will be explored to
the biotechnological procedures in pharmaceutical and food industry .

UNIT - 1 PLANT CELL CULTURE AND METABOLITE PRODUCTION [6 L]

Totipotency; Regeneration of plants; Plant growth regulators and elicitors; Tissue culture and Cell suspension culture
system: methodology, kinetics of growth and, nutrient optimization; Production of secondary metabolites by plant
suspension cultures; Plant products of industrial importance

UNIT – 2 TECHNIQUES FOR GENE TRANSFER

[7L]
Gene transfer technique, Introduction to Plant vectors (A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes) , Particle bombardment,
electroporation, microinjection, Agrolistic. Screening and selection of transformants – Antibiotic selection and reporter
assays, PCR and hybridization methods, plastid transformation. Mechanism of transgene interaction: Transgene stability
and gene silencing. Generation and maintenance of transgenic plants.

UNIT – 3 TRANSGENIC PLANTS FOR BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESSES [7 L]

Biotic stresses & types: Application of plant transformation – Bt genes, Structure and function of Cry proteins –
mechanism of action, critical evaluation. Non-Bt like protease inhibitors, alpha amylase inhibitor, Baculoviruses as
biopesticides, Transgenic technology for development of virus, bacterial and fungal resistance plants. Abiotic stress –
Introduction to drought and salinity stresses, transgenic strategies for development of drought resistant plants, case studies.
Post-harvest losses, long shelf life of fruits and flowers, use of ACC synthase, polygalacturanase, ACC oxidase, male sterile
lines, barstar and barnase systems. Herbicide resistance - phosphoinothricin, glyphosate, atrazine; insect resistance.
Biosafety regulations and evaluation of transgenics contained conditions. Implications of gene patents.

UNIT - 4 MOLECULAR FARMING AND MARKERS IN PLANTS [9 L]

Plant metabolic engineering and industrial products (fatty acids, industrial oils, flavonoids, carotenoid and
provitamin), Molecular farming for the production of industrial enzymes, biodegradable plastics, polyhydroxybutyrate,
antibodies, edible vaccines. Molecular mapping and tagging of agronomically important traits. Statistical tools in marker
analysis, Marker-assisted selection for qualitative and quantitative traits analysis in crop plants, Gene pyramidin molecular
breeding; Genomics and

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

geoinformatics for crop improvement; Integrating functional genomics information on gronomically/

gronomically/economically important traits in plant breeding; Marker-assisted backcross breeding for rapid
introgression.

UNIT - 5 NITROGEN FIXATION, ALGAL TECHNOLOGIES AND SEED

TECHNOLOGY
[10 L]
Nitrogen fixation and biofertilizers- Diazotrophic microorganisms, nitrogen fixation genes. Hydrogenase -
Hydrogen metabolism.Genetic engineering of hydrogenase genes. Blue-green algae and Azolla - Identification of elite
species and mass production for practical application. Algae as a source of food, feed, single cell protein, biofertilizers;
industrial uses of algae. Mass cultivation of commercially valuable marine macroalgae for agar agar, alginates and other
products of commerce and their uses. Seed technology and its importance; production processing and testing of seeds of
crop plants; seed storage, seed certification; role of NSC in production; New seed policy and seed control order, Terminator
Technology.- Impact of The High Yielding And Short Duration
Varieties On Cropping Patterns

PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Plant Cell Culture: A Practical Approach by R.A. Dixon & Gonzales, IRL Press
2. Plant biotechnology the genetic manipulation of plants, Nigel W. Scott, Mark R, Fowler, 2nd Edition

SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Practices by Channarayappa, 2006, University Press.
2. Plant Tissue Culture: Applications and Limitations by S.S. Bhojwani (1990), Elsevier,
3. Amsterdam. TJ Fu, G Singh and WR Curtis (Eds): Plant Cell and Tissue Culture for the Production of Food Ingredients.
Kluwer Academic Press, 1999.
4. Biotechnology in Agriculture, MS Swamynathan, McMillian India Ltd. 5. Gene Transfer to Plants 1995 Polyykus I and
Spongernberg, G.Ed.Springer Scam.
6. Genetic Engineering with Plant Viruses, 1992 T Michael, A Wilson and JW Davis, CRC Press.
7. Molecular Approaches to Crop Improvement 1991. Dennis Liwelly Eds.
8. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture- A Laboratory mannual 1994. Reinert J and Yeoman MM, Springer.

e-BOOKS
1. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470282014.fmatter/pdf
2. https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Introduction_to_Plant_Biotechnology.html?id =RgQLISN8zT8C
MOOCs
Applications of plant biotechnology in crop improvement, http://nptel.ac.in/courses/102103016/

COURSE OUTCOMES

1. Apply various plant transformation techniques to develop transgenic (PO1, PO5).

2. Usage of ideal genetic engineering strategies for the improvement of agriculture and production of novel
biopharmaceuticals compounds (PO6, PO7)
3. Compare modern genomics tools with traditional genetics for improving crop traits (PO5).
4. Implementation of current regulations for the production and use of GMOs (PO8).

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Course Title ADVANCES IN FOOD CHEMISTRY Credits 3

(Stream: Food Technology)
Course Code 2 3 B T 6 P E A F C L-T-P 3 0 0

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: biochemistry, botany, microbiology, nutritional science, biotechnology,

molecular biology and chemistry
COURSE DESCRIPTION: Food chemistry is an interdisciplinary course encompassing basic and
advanced science disciplines like biochemistry, botany, microbiology, nutritional science, biotechnology,
molecular biology and chemistry. The knowledge of the chemical composition and properties of food is of primary
importance to ensure product quality. This course provides students with a knowledge base of advanced food
chemistry topics, with an emphasis on chemical changes during processing and storage. The key topics covered
include food enzymology, food proteins, food colloids, food additives, food flavours, food colorants, functional
foods and bioactives. Students will be able to understand the importance of analytical techniques to assess these
components and associated chemical reactions.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course is designed to provide an overview of advanced food chemistry topics and
analytical techniques involved in assessing food samples. Students will be able to gain knowledge on novel product
development and value addition of foods which will prepare the students be well versed with recent trends in
industry. UNIT-1

OVERVIEW OF FOOD CHEMISTRY [ 8L]

Basics of Food chemistry, General Properties of Major and minor food Components, Chemical
Properties and applications of Food Additives: Preservatives, Dietary Ingredients, and Processing Aids.
Chemical Properties and Applications of Food Additives: Flavor, Sweeteners, Food Colors, and colloids,
Analytical techniques used for detection of food components.

UNIT-2 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BIOMOLECULES [10 L]

Physical and Chemical Properties of biomolecules, Solute effects on water: state of water in foods,
Kinetic principles, Water activity: principles, measurement, control, effects, related concepts. Acid-base
chemistry of foods and common additives. Effects of food processing: changes occurring in chemical,
functional & nutritional properties of proteins, Nitrite function, chemistry and nitrosamine formation. Factors
affecting reaction rate; characteristics of enzymatic reactions, Deleterious enzymes in food systems. Simple
sugars, sugar derivatives and oligosaccharides; Basic chemistry; conformation, anomeric forms, equilibria,
reactivity, sweetness. Sugar derivatives: sugar alcohols, glycosides, etc. Dietary fiber: components, properties,
analysis Modification of fats: Hydrolytic rancidity & oxidative rancidity.
UNIT-3

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FOOD COMMODITIES [7 L]

Principles of Chemical Analysis of Food Components, Classical Wet Chemistry Methods. Chemical
Composition of Bakery Products, Beverages, milk and milk products, egg and egg products, Food
Products from Genetically Modified Organisms, Meat and Meat Products, Sugar and Confectionery Products,
Organic Food Products.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS DURING PROCESSING [7 L]

Chemical Changes of Nutrients during processing; Drying, freezing, heating and Pressure-Assisted
Thermal Processing, nutritional changes during storage of food, bioavailability and stability, Environmental and
physical factors affecting these changes.

UNIT-5

NUTRACEUTICALS AND FOOD NANOTECHNOLOGY [7 L]

Bioactive substances from plant, microbial, animal origin, synthetic bioactive substances. Introduction to Food
Nanotechnology, importance and recent trends in food industry. Concept of Nano foods, commercial products,
application of nanotechnology in developing biosensors, nanosensors for food Safety, Nanomaterials for Food
Processing.

PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Peter C.K. Cheung Handbook of Food Chemistry-Springer
2. Owen R. Fennema Food Chemistry Third Edition University of Wisconsin Madison

MOOCs
1. https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec20_ag10/preview Course
Outcomes:

1. Comprehend the physico-chemical characteristics and basics of food chemistry.

2. Apply biotechnological tools and principles to understand the chemical reactions of biomolecules (PO1, PO5).
3. Determine and assess food components during processing and storage (PO2, PO5).
4. Analyse, compile and present individually the case studies or real world food related concepts (PO9, PO10, PO12).

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE BIOMATERIALS
TITLE (Stream: Vaccines & Regenerative Biology/Medicines )
COURSE CODE 23 B T 6 P E B I M Credits 00 L-T-P 3-0-0

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50%

weightage)

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Knowledge of basic cell and molecular biology, Human physiology, Chemistry,
Basics of Biomolecules.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: this course deals with the concepts and different types of biomaterials, artificial
organs available/development, regulatory aspects pertaining to use of biomaterials as biological/ biocompatible scaffolds in
medicine and wound healing.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: To enable the students to understand the nature and applications of biomaterials and
usage of biocompatible materials in medicine and wound healing.

UNIT – 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMATERIALS

[6 L]
Introduction to Materials Science: mechanical properties, Strength and ductility, viscoelasticity Classification of
bio-materials (inert, bioactive and biodegradable) Materials Used In Medicine: Metals; Polymers; Hydrogels;
Bioresorbable and Biodegradable Materials, organic functional groups needed for biomaterials.

UNIT - 2 IMPLANT MATERIALS

[7 L]
Metallic implant materials, stainless steels, co-based alloys, Ti-based alloys, ceramic implant materials, aluminum
oxides, hydroxyapatite and glass-ceramics, polymers, dental materials.
UNIT-3

BIOCOMPATIBILITY & HOST REACTIONS TO BIOMATERIALS [7 L]

Protein adsorption to materials, Inflammation; Wound healing and the Foreign body response; Systemic toxicity
and Hypersensitivity; Blood coagulation and Blood-materials Interactions; Tumorigenesis. Degradation of Materials in
Biological Environment: Degradation of Polymers, Metals and Ceramics.

UNIT- 4
ARTIFICIAL ORGANS AND IN VIVO SYNTHESIS OF TISSUES
[10L]
Artificial Heart, Prosthetic Cardiac Valves, Limb prosthesis, Externally Powered limb Prosthesis, Dental
Implants. In vivo synthesis of skin, peripheral nerves. Rules for in vivo synthesis. Regulatory aspects related to
tissues, blood products and Tissue Engineering.

UNIT -5 SCAFFOLDING
[9 L]
Architectural, biological, and mechanical features of scaffolds, Biological scaffolds (collagen, lamin, b
glycosaminoglycans, elastin, fibroin). Natural polysaccharides (alginate, dextran, Chitosan, cellulose) Hydrogels,
polymer microspheres, Scaffold design fabrication, 3D printing.

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

PRIMARY REFERENCES
1. Introduction to Biomaterials by Joon Park and RS Lakes.
2. Biomaterials by SV Bhat, Springers publication.

SECONDARY REFERENCES
1. Handbook of Materials for Medical Devices by J R Davis.
2. Biomaterials Science and Engineering by Park JV, Plenum Press,1984.
3. Catalysis in Chemistry by William Jenck.
4. Bioconjugate Techniques by Greg Hermanson.
5. Biomaterials and regenerative medicine in ophthalmology by T VChirila, Queensland Eye Institute. e-BOOKS
1. Cells and Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine (http://www.intechopen.com/books/cellsand-biomaterials-
inregenerative-medicine) ml
2. http://genome.tugraz.at/biomaterials.shtml
MOOCs
1.
http://nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=113104009 2.
http://nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=102106036

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

1. Comprehend the use of various biomaterials (PO1, PO2)
2. Evaluate the use of suitable biomaterials for various applications and their biocompatibility (PO1, PO2)
3. Analyse the role of implants in artificial organs (PO1, PO2, PO5)
4. Illustrate use of implants in tissue replacement (PO2)

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

OPEN ELECTIVES

COURSE TITLE INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS

COURSE CODE 2 3 B T 6 O E I M A Credits 00 L-T-P 3-0-0

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50% weightage)
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
Engineering Physics, Engineering Chemistry, Engineering Mathematics, and basic knowledge about Biological
Science.
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The field of biotechnology has become more quantitative and interdisciplinary as research in biotechnology
continues to grow at a tremendous rate with broader and complex applications in medicine, agriculture, the environment
and nano biotechnology. As biological concepts and models become more quantitative, biological research will be
increasingly dependent on concepts and methods drawn from other scientific disciplines. Similarly, students from other
disciplines (mechanical, electrical, civil, chemical, computer science, metallurgical, etc.,) can be interested in exploring
biological systems to develop new technologies, tools and products that are useful in research, industry and agriculture. This
course is designed exclusively for students of other disciplines to gain the knowledge on the principle, instrumentation and
applications of various biophysical techniques used for the separation, purification and characterization of various
biomolecules.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. To develop and reinforce connections between biology and other scientific disciplines
2. To enable the students of other disciplines to gain the knowledge on the various biophysical techniques used for
bimolecular separation, purification and characterization.
UNIT I

ADVANCED MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES [9 L]

Electron Microscopy: Scanning electron microscope, Transmission Electron microsope. Scanning probe
microscopy: Atomic force microscopy.
UNIT II

COLORIMETRY AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRY [8 L]

General features of absorption – spectroscopy, transmittance, absorbance, and molar absorptivity. Beer Lambert’s
law and its limitations, difference between Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry
Instruments – Single beam UV- Visible Spectrophotometer, Double beam UV- Visible Spectrophotometer.
Lamps used as energy sources. Verification of Beer’s law. IR Spectrophotometer: Principle, Sources of Radiations,
Sampling, Block diagram of FT-IR Spectrophotometer, Fluorescence spectroscopy, NIR spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy.
UNIT III BIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES
[8 L]
Rayleigh scattering, NMR, EPR Xray, (single crystal diffraction, ) Atomic absorption and Flame emission
spectroscopic techniques, and Mass spectroscopy (Only principle, Instrumentation and applications and no derivation
required).

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT IV ELECTROANALYTICAL METHODS

[7 L]
Types of Electroanalytical Methods. I) Interfacial methods – a) Potentiometry: Numerical Problems. Application
of Potentiometry b) Voltametry –; Introduction to types of voltametric techniques, micro electrodes, Over potential and
Polarization. II) Bulk methods – Conductometry, Conductivity Cell, Specific Conductivity, Equivalent Conductivity.
Numerical Problems. Applications of conductometry.

UNIT V CENTRIFUGATION TECHNIQUES

[7 L]
Basic principles, Different types of centrifuges, Analytical and Preparative Ultracentrifugation methods. (Only
principle, Instrumentation and applications and no derivation required).

TEXT BOOKS
1. Biophysical Chemistry by Cantor R., and Schimmel P.R
2. Physical Biochemistry by David Freifelder (N H Freeman andCompany)
3. Biophysical Principles of Structure & Function by Fred M. Snell &Sidney Shulman
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Biophysics – An Introduction by Cotterill, Wiley Student Edition
2. Foundations of Biophysics by A.L. Stanford.
E-BOOKS
1. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by
Keith Wilson https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=052165873X
2. Biophysical Techniques by Iain Campbell https://0b9411cb7057497b22db0cd9f69e827bce11ede8.googledri
ve.com/host/0B5XjjBG DoIrhNlFVcVhQWjA2a1k/Biophysical- Techniques-
IainCampbell-ebook- 51iBvNTIHhL.pdf MOOCs
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/102107028/
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/102103044/

COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Ability to understand and remember the principles and applications of various techniques used in the purification and
analysis of biomolecules. (PO1)
2. Ability to select and apply appropriate tools and techniques in the purification and analysis of biomolecules.
(PO 5)
3. Ability to critically analyze different techniques used for the purification and analysis of biomolecules. (PO 2)
4. Ability to design solution to problems by applying suitable components of bio-analytical techniques. (PO 3, 7)

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 Course Title BIOSENSORS AND Credits 3
BIOINSTRUMENTATION
Course Code 2 3 B T 6 O E B B I L-T-P 3 0 0

Pre-requisites:
Knowledge of Human Physiology, Engineering Physics, Basics of Electrical and Electronics

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course deals with the fundamentals of measurement science are applied to optical,
electrochemical, and mass and pressure signal transduction. This course also examines the principles, technologies,
methods and applications of biosensors and bioinstrumentation by bridging engineering principles to understanding of
biosystems in sensors and bioelectronics. The Biosensors and Instrumentation course examines the methods used to
interface sensors for biological and biomedical applications with electronics.
COURSE OBJECTIVES: To enable the students to gain knowledge on the various biosensors and
bioinstrumentation techniques which are used in biomedical engineering field.

UNIT 1 [08 hrs]

FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
Sources of biomedical signals, Design of medical instruments, components of the biomedical instrumentation
system, General constraints in design of medical instrumentation systems, Regulation of medical devices; Principles of
EEG, ECG and EMG, Origin of bioelectric signals, Recording electrodes - Electrode-tissue interface, metal electrolyte
interface, electrolyte - skin interface, Polarization, Skin contact impedance, Silver – silver chloride electrodes, Electrodes
for ECG, EEG, EMG. Physiological Transducers: Introduction, classification of transducers, performance characteristics
of transducers, Classification, displacement, position, motion, pressure, temperature, photoelectric, optical fibre sensor
transducers; Conceptual numerical. Electrical Hazards & their Prevention - Physiological effects of electrical currents,
preventive measures to reduce shock hazards, leakage current, isolation of patient circuit, open ground problems and
earthing methods.
UNIT 2 [07 hrs]
MEDICAL IMAGING SYSTEMS AND BIOINSTRUMENTATION FOR CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS

Medical Imaging Systems: X-Ray, computed tomography and MRI. Biomedical telemetry. Overview of the
Heart and cardiovascular system; The Heart; The measurement of heart rate; measurement of pulse rate; Types of blood
pressure measurement: Indirect and Direct measurements; measurement of blood flow rate: Electromagnetic induction,
ultrasound transmission, Thermal conversion, Radiographic principles, Indicator dilution; Blood gas analyzers: Blood pH
measurement, Measurement of Blood pCO2, pO2 ; Plethysmography; Pacemakers(Need for Cardiac pacemaker, External
pacemaker, Implantable pacemaker, Programmable pacemakers); Defibrillators(DC defibrillator, AC defibrillator and
Implantable Defibrillator) , Conceptual numericals.

UNIT 3 [07 hrs]

BIOMEDICAL DEVICES FOR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Overview of respiratory system; The Physiology of the Respiratory system; Tests and instrumentation for the
mechanics of breathing: Lung volumes and Capacities, Mechanical measurements, instrumentation for measuring the
mechanics of breathing; gas exchange and distribution: measuring of gaseous exchange and diffusion, measuring of gas
distribution; Respiratory therapy equipments; Anesthesia machines: related instrumentation of equipments involved and
sensors, Conceptual numericals.

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UNIT 4 [06 hrs]
BIOSENSORS & BIOCHIPS
Introduction to biosensors - History and overview of Biosensors, definition and concept, components of a
biosensor, consideration, commercial requirement and Types of biosensors;
Biochip-Introduction and structure of DNA Chips, design and operating principles, related instruments; BIA
core- an optical biosensor.

UNIT 5 [09 hrs]

APPLICATIONS OF BIOSENSORS
Biosensors for Health Applications: Introduction, Biosensors for diabetes applications, Biosensors for
cardiovascular diseases applications, Biosensors for cancer applications. Nanobiosensor for Health Care: Nanobiosensors
based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) (Glucose biosensors, Cholesterol biosensors, Tyrosinase biosensors, Urease
biosensors, Acetylcholinesterase biosensors, Horseradish peroxidase). Biosensors for Environmental Applications:
Introduction, Heavy metals, Biochemistry Oxygen Demand (BOD), Nitrogen compounds, PCBs, Phenolic compounds,
Endocrine disruptors and hormones, Organophosphorus compounds (OP). use of biosensors for pollution control;
Biosensors in aquatic and soil samples; Benefits of biosensors to bioprocess and its challenges; Electrochemical sensors,
chemical fibro sensors, ion selective FETs, Micro Electromechanical sensors(MEMS) and the commercial development
of biosensors,

PRIMARY REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Biomedical instrumentation and Measurements by Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weibell, Erich A. Pfeiffer,
Second edition, 2009
2. Bioinstrumentation and Biosensors by Donald L Wise, Marcel Dekker Inc. 1991
3. Biosensors by Cooper J.M, Oxford publication, 2004.

SECONDARY REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Hand Book of Biomedical Instrumentation by R. S. Khandpur, Second Edition, Tata McGraw- Hill, 2008 e-b ooks:
1. http://www.intechopen.com/books/biosensors-for-health-environment-and-biosecurity
2. http://www.intechopen.com/books/environmental-biosensors
3. http://www.intechopen.com/books/biosensors-emerging-materials-and-applications
4. http://www.ebooksdirectory.com/listing.php?category=366 Moocs:
5. https://www.mooc-list.com/tags/biomedical 2. https://www.class-central.com/tag/biosensors

Course Outcomes:
1. Comprehend the principle, components, functions and applications of different biomedical devices
2. Select and apply the knowledge of different types of biomedical devices for various measurements related to
cardiovascular system and respiratory system (PO1)
3. Apply the principle, functions and applications of different biosensors and their components and select the
components to design a biosensor (PO3, PO5)
4. Analyse the output of various biomedical devices to diagnose the diseases (PO2)

109
 Course Title BATTERY TECHNOLOGY

Course Code 2 3 B T 6 O E B T E Credits 04 L–T–P 3 – 0 –0

CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) SEE 100 marks (50% weightage)

COURSE DESCRIPTION: Energy markets are undergoing game-changing changes in the modern world. In
our daily life, batteries are used for a variety of things. Mobile phones, inverters, electric cars, automotive applications,
solar energy storage systems, and many other products require batteries. This course deals with the fundamentals of
batteries, classifications, performance characteristics, energy, and power measurement. Further, it focuses on the
chemistry of primary batteries, their types, and charge-discharge characteristics. The next segment of the course deals
with the construction and working of rechargeable or secondary batteries. The course emphasizes the need and functioning
of various types of fuel cells. The construction and working of lithium-ion battery packs used in electrical vehicles are
discussed in this course.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: The course objective is to enable students to differentiate between various types of
batteries. Students will be able to understand the performance of primary and secondary batteries by understanding the
electrochemistry. Students will also know about the importance of safe protocols need to be followed in the battery
operations.

UNIT 1
Fundamentals of batteries [6L]
Introduction to batteries. Classifications: Primary and Secondary, Characteristics of battery: Ohm’s law, energy
density, current density, power density, capacity, life cycle, efficiencies, Battery cell, Module and stacks.

UNIT 2
Primary batteries [6L]
Electrochemistry of primary batteries, Zinc air batteries, Zinc carbon batteries, Zinc MnO 2 batteries, Primary
Lithium batteries. Advantages and Disadvantages of Primary Batteries.

UNIT 3
Secondary batteries [9L]
Electrochemistry of Secondary batteries, Construction, working and applications: Lead acid batteries, NiCd
batteries, Nickel Metal hydride batteries, Redox flow batteries
Lithium ion batteries: Construction, working, and applications. Types of cathode materials
UNIT 4
Fuel cells [9L]
Chemistry, Working principle, Classifications, Construction, working and applications: Direct methanol fuel
cell, Polymer electrolyte fuel cell, Phosphoric acid fuel cell, Alkaline fuel cell, Molten carbonate fuel cell, Solid oxide
fuel cell

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 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT 5
Battery safety [9L]
Background, Battery Management Systems (BMS) Lithium ion battery hazards, Best storage and handling
practices,
Safe Disposal.

TEXT BOOKS
4. Handbook of Batteries by David Linden and Thomas B Reddy, McGraw-Hill Handbooks, 2001
5. Understanding Batteries, by Dell R M and Rand D A J, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001
6. Battery Technology Crash Course: A Concise Introduction by Slobodan Petrovic, Springer, 2020

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Battery Technologies: Materials and Components by Jianmin Ma, Wiley, 2022

2. Modern Battery Engineering: A Comprehensive Introduction by Kai Peter Birke, 2019.

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

1. Choose suitable primary batteries for the given power requirement.(PO2, 6, 7)
2. Analyze the performance characteristics of secondary batteries and fuel cells. (PO2, 6, 7)
3. Design the battery module and stack of suitable secondary batteries for the given power requirement (PO3, 5,
6) 4. Develop safety protocols for hazardous batteries and submit the report (PO7, 9, 10)

111
 COURSE TITLE ENZYME TECHNOLOGY AND KINETICS LAB

COURSE CODE 2 3 B T 6 P C E T L C 0 L 0
credits 1 L-T-P 0-0-1
CIE 100 marks (50% weightage) S 100 marks
EE (50% weightage)
ENZYME TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
I Isolation of enzymes
1. Isolation of amylase from germinated mung beans/sweet potato.
2. Isolation of protease from papaya or pineapple.
II Purification and characterization of enzymes
1. Ammonium sulphate fractionation.
2. Purification of amylase by column chromatography (demo).
3. Determination of molecular mass of enzyme by SDS-PAGE.
III Enzyme kinetics
1. Determination of Km and Vmax
2. Effect of temperature.
3. Effect of pH.
4. Determination of specific activity.
5. Effect of inhibitors.
VI Immobilized enzymes
1. Immobilization of enzymes by gel entrapment (alginate/
carrageenan).
2. Kinetics of immobilized enzymes.
REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB
Lab manual by Faculty
COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)
CO1 Design, conduct experiments, analyse and interpret results related to enzyme reaction kinetics (PO4).
CO2 (open ended expts.): Engage in independent learning and work effectively as an individual to carry out
literature search effectively, design, conduct experiments & interpret data and write a technical report (PO4, PO9, PO10)
CO-PO-PSO mapping
P P P P P PO7
P P P POP PO PSO2
P P
O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O8 O9 O10 11 12 SO1 SO3

3 C 3 3 3 3
O1

0 3 2 2 33
2

ASSESSMENT
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes continuous evaluation for each experiment
for conduction, record and viva.
Semester End Examination (SEE): Includes laboratory examination that includes procedure
writing and conduction of given experiment and viva.

112
 Course Title BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY
Course Code 2 3 B T 6 P C B Credits
P L L –0 T – P 0–0–1
1

EXPERIMENTS

1. Cell disruption techniques

2. Solid – Liquid separation methods: Filtration
3. Solid – Liquid separation methods: Centrifugation
4. Phytochemical extraction and estimation.
5. Callus induction and preparation of artificial seed.
6. Separation of Amino acids / Carbohydrates by TLC
7. Production and estimation of Citric acid from fermented broth
8. Production and estimation of Penicillin.
9. Medium Design – a) Plackett – Burman design for media.
b) Response surface methodology for media design
10. Sodium sulphite oxidation method for determination of Mass Transfer coefficient.
11. Dynamic gassing method for determination of Mass Transfer coefficient.
12. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of biomolecules by HPLC (demo)
13. Freeze drying technique for product concentration (demo)

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB

Lab manual by Faculty

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

CO1 Conduct experiments for production, isolation and recovery of bio - products.

CO-PO-PSO mapping

P P P P P P P P P P P P P
PSO2 P
O O O O O O O O O O O O S S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 O O
0 1 2 1 3

C 3 2
O
1

ASSESSMENT
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): Includes continuous evaluation for each experiment for conduction,
record and viva.
Semester End Examination (SEE): Includes laboratory examination that includes procedure writing and
conduction of given experiment and viva.

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