Chapter 1 - Sets

Page No 4

Question l:

Which of the following are sets7 Justity our answer.

(6) The collection of all months of a year beginning with the letter J.

(i) The collection of ten most tal en ted writers of India.

(i) A team of eleven best-cricket batsmen of the world.

(iv) The collection of all boys in your class.

(v) The collection of all natural numbers less than 100.

(vi) A collection of novels writlen by the writer Munshi Prem Chand.

(vii) The collection of all even integers.

(vi) The collection of questions in this Chapter.

(x) A collection of most dangeros animals of the world.

Answer:

0 The collection of all mon ths of a year begin ning with the letter J is a well-defined collection
of objects because one can definitely identity a month that belongs to this collection.

Hence, this collection is a set.

() The collecion of len most talented writers of India is not a well-defined collection because
the criteria tor determining a witer's talent may vary from person to person.

Hence, this collection is not a set

(in) A team ofl eleven best cricket batsmen of the world is not a well-defined collection
because the criteria for defermining a batsman's lalent may vary from person to person.

Hence, this collection is not a set.

( ) The collection of all boys in your class is a well-defined collection because you can
definilely iden tify a boy who belongs to this collection.

Hence, this collection is a set.

(v) The collection of al natural numbers less than 100 is a well-defined collection because
one can definitely identihy a number that belongs to this collection.

Hence. this collection is a set.

(wi)A collection of novels writen by the witer Munshi Prem Chand is a well-defined
collection because one can detinitely identify a book that belongs to this collection.

Hence, this collection is a set.

(vil) The collection of all even in tegers is a well-defined collection because one can defin itely
dentily an oven integer that belongs to this collection.

Hence, this collection is a set.

(vili) The collection of questions in this chapter is a well-defined collection because one can
definitely iden tity a question that belongs to this chapter.

Hence, this collection is a set.

(ix) The collection of most dangerous animals of the world is not a well-defined collection
because the criteria lor determining the dangerou sness of an animal can vary from person to

person.
Hence, this collection is not a set.
2:37 LTE 65% O

Sets

Hence, this collection is a sei.

(vii) The collection of all even integers is a well-defined collection because one can delinitely
identify an even integer that belongs to this collection.

Hence, this collection is a se.

(vin) The collection of questions in this chapter is a well-defined collection because one can
definitely identity a question thal belongs to this chapter.

Hence, this collection is a se.

(ix) The collection of most dangerous animals of the world is not a well-defined collection
because Ihe criteria lor delermining the dangerousness ol an animal can vary lrom person t

person.

Hence, this collecion is not a sel.

Page No 5:

Question 2:
Let A = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Insert the appropriate symbol Eor e in the blank spaces

0 5..A () 8...A (ii) O...AA

(v) 4..A (V) 2...A (vi) 10...A

Answer:

) 5 EA
(i) 8 A

0eA
(iv) 4EA

() 2 eA

(vi) 10 A

Question 3:

Write the following sets in roster form:

) A =(x: x is an integer and-3 « x< 7)

(i) B = x: x is a natural number less than 6).

(i)) C= {x: x is a two-digit nalural number such that the sum of its digits is 8)

(iv) D {x: x is a prime number which is divisor of 60).

(v) E = The set of all letters in thee word TRIGONOMETRY.

(vi) F= The set of all lelters in the word EETTER.

Answer:

0 A={x: x is an integer and -3 < x< 7}

The elemenis of this set are -2, -1, 0. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 only.

Therefore, the given set can be written in roster form as

A= (-2,-1, 0, 1. 2. 3, 4, 5, 6)

(i) B = {x. x is a natural number less than 6)

The elemenis of this sel are 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 only.

Therefore, the given sel can be written in rosier form as

2:37 LTE 65%

Sets

(v)E = The set of all letters in the word TRIGONOMETAY

(vi) F = The set of all lelters in the word BETTER.

Answer:

() A=(x:x is an integer and -3 « x <7}

The elements of this set are -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 only.

Therefore, the given set can be written in roster form as

A t-2,-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
i) B={x x is a natural number less than 6

The elemenls of this sel are 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 only.

Theretore, the given sel can be written in roster form as

B (1,2.3, 4, 5)

(i) C= {x: x is a two-digit nalural number such that the sum of its digits is 8)

The elements of this set are 17, 26, 35, 44, 53, 62, 71, and 80 only
Therefore, this set can be writen in roster form as

C-17, 26. 35, 44, 53, 62, 71, 80)

(iv) D = {x: x is a prime number which is a divisor of 60)

60

30

15

60 2 x 2 x3x5

The elements of this set are 2, 3, and 5 only.

Theretore, this set can be written in roster form as D - (2. 3, 5).

(v) E = The set of all letters in the word TRIGONOMETAY

There are 12 letters in the word TRIGONOMETRY, Out of which letters T, R, and O are
repeated.

Therefore, this set can be wriften in roster florm as

E=(T R, I. G, 0, N, M, E, Y)
(vi) F= The set of all letters in the word BETER

There are 6 letters in the word BETTER, out of which letters E and T are repeated.

Therefore, this set can be written in roster form as

F (B, E, T, R)

Question 4:
Write the following sets in the set-builder form:

) (3, 6, 9, 12) (i) {2, 4, 8, 16, 32)

(Gii) (5, 25, 125, 625) (iv) (2, 4,6.)

( ){1, 4, 9.. 100)

Answer:

0) 3. 6, 9, 12) = {x x= 3n, ne N and 1 sn s 4)

(i) (2, 4, 8, 16, 32)

2:37 LTE 65%

Sets

Therefore, this set can be writen in roster form as

F={B, E, T, R)

Question 4:

Write the following sets in the sel-builder form:

) (3,6, 9, 12) (i) {2, 4, 8, 16, 32)

(qii) (5, 25, 125, 625) (iv) (2, 4,6.)

(){1,4, 9... 100)

Answer:

) (3, 6, 9, 12) = {x: x = 3n, ne Nand 1 sn s4)

(i) (2, 4, 8, 16, 32)

Itcan be seen thal 2 2', 4 = 24, 8 2, 16 2, and 32 = 2.

42, 4, 8, 16, 32) = {x: x = 2", ne N and 1 sn s5)

(i) (5, 25, 125, 625)

Itcan be seen that 5 5', 25 5, 125 = 5, and 625 = 5".

(5, 25, 125, 625) = {x: X= 5", neN and 1 sn s4)

(iv) (2, 4, 6...)

It is a set of all even natural numbers.

(2. 4 , 6 . = {x: x is an even natural number

(v) {1, 4, 9.. 100)

Itcan be seen that 1 = 12, 4 = 22, 9 =32 ...100 = 102.

(1. 4, 9... 100) ={x: x = n2, neN and 1 sns 10)

Question 5:

List all the elements of 1he following sets:

0) A={x: x is an odd natu ral number)

(i) B = x: x is an integer,

(n) C= {x: x is an integer, S4)

(iv) D : x is a letter in the word "LOYAL')

( ) E = {x: x is a month of a year not having 31 days)

(vi) F= {x. x is a conson ant in the English alphabet which proceer ).

Answer:

() A = (x: x is an odd natural number) = (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 )

<n<

(B=xx is an integer; 2 2

be seen that and 2

4.5
t can
8 012,3,4)

( C=(x: x is an integer S4)

2:37 LTE 65%

Sets

iv) D = {x: x is a letter in the word "LOYAL')

()E=(x x is a month oft a

year not having 31 days
(vi) F = {x: x is a consonant in the English alphabet which proceeds k).

Answer:

() A = (x: x is an odd natural number) = (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 )

( ) B= {x x is an integer; 2

- 4.5
-0. and 2
be seen that
n can
8 0.1.2.3.4}

( C=(x: x is an
integer S4)
It can be seen that

-1=1s4;(-2= 4 s4; (-3)2 = 9 > 4

o =0s4
12-1s4
224s4
3 9> 4

C={-2,-1,0,1, 2)
(iv) D = (x: x is a letter in the word "LOYAL') = {L, O, Y, A)

()E = {x: x is a month of a year not having 31 days)

(February, April, June, September, November)

(vi) F={x x is a conson ant in ihe English alphabef which precedes k

= {b, c, d. f,. g. h. I)

Question 6:

Match each of the set on the left in the roster 1orm with the same set on the right descri bad in
set-builder form:

(041,2, 3, 6) (a) {x: x is a prime number and a divisor of 6

(i) 42. 3 (b) fx: x is an odd natural number less than 10)

(ii) fM, A, T, H, E, I,C, S} (c) {x: x is nalural number and divisor of 6)

(iv)1.3, 5. 7, 9) (d) fx: x is a leter of the word MATHEMATICS)

Answer:

i) All the elements of this set are natural numbers as well as the divisors of 6.
Therefore, (i)maiches with (c).

() It can be seen that 2 and 3 are prime numbers. They are also the divisors of 6.

Therefore, (i) matches with (a).

(i) All 1he elements of this set are letters of the word MATHEMATICS. Therefore, (ii)matches
with (d.

(iv) All the elements of this set are odd natural numbers less than 10. Therelore, (iv) matches
with (6).

=
Answer
) All the elements of this set are natural numbers as well as the divisors of 6.
Therefore, ()maiches with (o).
(i) It can be seen that 2 and 3 are prime numbers. They are also the divisora of 6.

Therefore, (ü') matches with (a).

(i) All the elementa of this set are letters of the word MATHEMATICS. Therelore, (n)matches
with(d).

(iv) All the elemente of this set are odd natural numbers less than 10. Therefore, (iv) matches
with (b).

Page No 8

Question I:

Which of the following are examples of the null set

() Set of odd natural numbers divisible by 2

( ) Set of even prime numbers

(i) (xx is a natural numbers, x < 5 and x > 7)

(V) (yy is a point common to any two parallel lines)

Answer:

s a null set because no odd number is diisible

()A set of odd natural numbers divisible by 2

by 2
2 18 an even prime number.
set of even prime numbere is n o t a null set because
(0)A

x is a natural number, x < 5 and x > 7) is a null set becausea number cannot be
(m) (x:
7.
simullaneously less than 5 and greater than
two parallel lines) is a null set because parallel lines do
(V) (y: y s a point common io any
not intersect. Hence, they have no common point.

Question 2:

finite or infinite
Which of the following sets are

(0 The set of months of a year

()(1,2.3)
() (1, 2,3... 99, 100)
than 100
(iv) The set of positive integers greater
less than 99
() The set of prime numbers

Answer:
(0) The set of months ol a year is a finite set because it has 12 elemen ts.
numbers.
infinite set as it has infinite number of natural
(i) (1, 2, 3 --) is an

to 100 are finite in number.

finite set because the numbere from
1
(ii) (1, 2, 3 ...99, 100) is a

th an 100 is an in finite set because positive inlegers

(iv) The set of positive integers greater
intiníte in number
grester than 100 are
less ihan 99
numbers less than 99 is a finite set because prime numbers
() The set of prime
are finite in number.
 (i) (1, 2,3 . )
99, 100)
(i)(1, 2, 3.

100
() The set of positive integers greater than
99
( ) The sel of prime numbers less ihan

Answerr
12 elemen ts.
year is finite set because iH has
0) The set of months ol
a a

it has infinite number of natural numbers.

infinite set as
() (1, 2, 3 ...) is an

because the numbers from

1 to 100 are finite in number
( ) {1, 2, 3 ...99, 100) is a finíte set

is an infinite set because positive integerss

positve integers grester than
100
() The set of

are ininite in number.

grealer than 100

numbers less than 99

The sel ol numbers e s s ihan S9 1s
a hnte set because prime
() prime
are finite in number.

Question.
Stale whether each ol the following set is finite or intinite:

The set of lines which are paralel to the x-axIs

(0
(i) The set of letters in the English alphabet

(n) The set of numbers which are multiple of 5

(iv) The set of animals living on the earth

(v) The set of circles passing through the origin (0. 0)

Answet
) The set of lines which are parallel to the x-axis is an infinite set because lines paralle! to
the x-axis are infinite in
number
(i) The set of letfers in the English alph abet is a finite set because it has 26 elements.

(i) The set of numbers which are multiple of 5 is an infinite set because multiples of 5 are
infinite in number.

(iv) The set of animals living on the earth is a finite set because the number of animals living
on Ihe earth is finite (although it is quite a big number).

() The set of circles passing through the origin (0, 0) is an intinite set because infinite
number of circies can pass through the
origin.

Page No 9:

Question 4:

In Ihe following, slate whether A = Bor not:

) A (a, b, c, d}; B = (d, c, b, a)

()A = (4, 8, 12, 16): B = (8, 4, 16, 18)

(n) A =
(2, 4, 6, 8, 10); B =
(x: x s positive integer and
even x s 10)
(iv) A =
(x: x is multiple of B
a
10); =
{10, 15, 20, 25, 30..)
Answer:

) A {a. b, c, d}; 8 = {d, c, b, a)

The order in which the elemen ts of a set are listed is not sign ilicant.
:A = B
2:37 LTE 65%

Sets

Page No 9:

Question 4
In the following, state whelher A= B or not:

i) A {a, b, c, d}; B = (d, c, b, a))

(i) A = (4, 8, 12, 16): B = {8. 4, 16, 18)

(i) A = (2, 4, 6, 8, 10):; B = {x: x is positive even integer and x s 10)

(iv) A = (x: x is a multiple of 10); B = {10, 15, 20, 25, 30)}

Answ
0) A= (a. b, c. d}; B = {d, c, b, a)

The order in which Ihe elements of a set are listed is not significant

A =B

i) A = (4, 8, 12, 16): B = (8, 4, 16, 18)

I tcan be seen that 12 e A but 12 B.

AB

ii) A =(2, 4, 6. 8, 10)

B= (x x is a positive even integer and x s 10)

{2, 4, 6, 8, 10)

:A = B

(iv) A = {x: x is a multiple of 10)

B-(10, 15, 20, 25, 30)

It can be seen th at 15 e B but 15 # A.

A B

Question 5:

Are the following pair of sets equal? Give reasons.

)A=(2. 3}; B = {x: x is solution of x* + 5x + 6 = 0)

(i) A (x x is a letter in the word FOLLOW): B ={y: y is a letter in the word WOLF)

Answer:

i) A = {2. 3} B = ({x: x is a solution of x+ 5x + 6 = 0}

The equation x + 5x +6 = 0 can be solved as: x(x + 3) + 2(x + 3) =0 (x + 2)(x + 3) =0x=-

2 or x = -3 A = {2, 3} B={-2, -3) :A : B

i) A = {x. x is a letter in the word FOLLOW) = {F, O, L, W)

B yis a letter in the word woLF) = {W, O. L, F)

The order in which Ihe elements of a set are listed is not signiticant
A = B

Question 6:

From the sets given below, select equal sets:

A= (2. 4.8. 12). B ={1. 2, 3, 4). C {4, 8, 12, 14). D= {3. 1, 4, 2}

E-(-1,1) F= {0, a). G =(1, -1), H = {0, 1)

Answer:
2:37 LTE 65%O

Sets

The equation x + 5x +6 = 0 can be solved as: x(x + 3) + 2(x + 3) = 0 (x + 2)(x + 3) = 0 x= -

2 or x = -3 :A= {2. 3}: B = (-2. -3)} :A * B

(i) A = x: x is a letter in the word FOLLOW) = {F, O, L. W)

B {y y is a letter in the word WOLF) = {W, 0, L, F)

The order in which ihe elements of a set are listed is not signilicant.

A B

Question 6:

From the sets given below, select equal sets:

A=12. 4, 8. 12). B = (1. 2. 3, 4). C= (4, 8, 12. 14), D =(3, 1, 4, 2)

E =(-1, 1, F- {0, a), G = {1, -1), H= {0. 1)

Answer:
A- (2, 4, 8, 12}; B = {1, 2, 3, 4); C= {4, 8, 12, 14)

D 3 . 1,4, 2), E = - 1 , 1; F = {0, a}

G={1,-1): A = {0. 1)

It can be seen that

8eA, 8 e B, a e D, 8 e E, 8 e F, 8 e G, 8 eH

A B, A D, A* E, As F, A: G, AH
Also, 2 e A, 2 C

.A*C

3E B, 3 e C, 3 e E, 3 e F, 3 e G, 3 e H

:B:C, BE, B: , B: G, B * H
12 eC. 12 eD, 12 e E, 12 e F, 12 e G, 12 eH

Ca D, C* E, Cz F, C* G, C# H

4 eD, 4 e E, 4 « F, 4 eG, 4 eH
D&E, D & F, D* G, D*H
Similarly, E F, E * G, E H

F:G. FH, GH

The order in which the elements of a sat are listed is not signiflicant.
.B D and E = G

Hence, among the given sets, B = D and E = G.

Page No 12:

Question 1:

Make correct slatements by 1lling in the symbolsc ore in the blank spaces

(2. 3, 4).. (1. 2, 3, 4, 5

(i) (a, b, c ) . (b, c, d)

(ii) fx: x is a student of Class XI of your school)... (x x student of your school)

(iv) x: x is a circle in the plane)...{x: x is a circle in the same plane with radius 1 unit)

()x:x IS a triangle in a plane)..x: X IS a rectangle in the plane)

(vi) (x: x is an equilateral triangle in a plane).. {x: x is a triangle in the same plane)

viil x x is an aven natiural numbers x xis an intecers

2:38 LTE 65%

Sets

Hence, among the given sels, B = D and E = Gs

Page No l12:

Question I:

Make correct slatements by filling in the symbols c or c in the blank spaces

) (2. 3, 4).. (1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

(i)ta, b, c (6, c, d)
(ii) {x: x is a student of Class XI of your school) (x x student of your school)

(v) {x: x is a circle in the plane).. (x:x is a circle in the same plane with radius 1 unit)

(v) {x: x is a triangle in a plane..x x Is a rectangle in the plane)

(vi) fx: x is an equilateral triangle in a plane).. x: x is a triangle in the same plane)

(vii) (x. x is an even natural number)..x x is an integer)

Answer:

2.34c{1.2.3.4,5}

Gi) a,b.ca {b.e.d

(n) tx x is a student ot class XI ol your schooljc (x x is student of your school)

(iv) {x: x is a circle in 1he plane) c (x: x is a circle in the same plane with radius 1 unit)

() x: x is a triangle in a plane) c (x: x is a rectangle in the plane)

vi) (x: x is an equilateral triangle in a plane)c {x: x in a triangle in the same plane)

(vii) (x: x is an even natural number) c {x x is an integer)

Page No 13:

Question 2:

Examine whether the following state men ts are true or talse:

) fa. b} c {b, c, a)

(i) fa, e) c {x: x is a vowel in the English alphabet)

(Gi) 41. 2. 39 1 . 3 , 5)

() fa) c fa.b, c}
() {a) e (a. b, c)

(vi) x: x is an even natural number less ihan 6) c (x x is a natural number which divides 36)

Answe
) False. Each element of fa, b) is also an element of {b, C, a).

(i) True. a, e are two vowels of the English alph abet.

(i) False. 2e{1, 2, 3) however, 2e{1, 3, 5)

(iv) True. Each element of {a) is also an element of (a, b, c.

(v) False. The elements of fa, b, c} are a, b, c. Therefore, fa}c{a, b. c)

(vi) True. {xx is an even natural number less than 6) = {2. 4}

xx is a nalural number which divides 36)= {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36)

Question 3:
(vi) {x: x is an even natural number less than 6) c (x x is a natural number which divides 36)

Answer:

0 Falee. Each element of (a, b) s also an element of (b, c, a).

(i) True. a, e are two vowels of the English alphabet.

(i) False. 2e{1, 2, 3) however, 28{1, 3, 5)

(iv) True. Each element of (a) is aleo an element of (a, b, c).

() False. The elemente of (e, b, c) are a, b, c. Therelore. (e}c{a, b, c

(vi) True. (xx ie an even natural number less than 6) (2, 9

(xx is a natural number which divides 36)= {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36)

Question 3:
Let A= (1, 2, (3, 4,). 5). Which of the following statements are incorrect and why?

() 3, 4c A

(1 13, 4e A
(i) t3, 4)ye A

( ) 1e A

(w) 1c A

(vi) (1, 2, 5)cA

(Vii) (1, 2, 5) eA

(ili) (1, 2, 3) cA
() A

()cA

(xi) (o) c A

Answer:
A= (1, 2. (3, 4), 5)
() The statement (3, 4) c A is incorect because 3 e (3, 4); however, 3eA.

() The statement (3, 4) EA is correct because (3, 4) is an element of A.

(Hi) The statement (3, 4)) cA is correct because (3, 4)e ((3, 4) and (3, 4) e A.

(iv) The statement 1eA is correct because 1 is an element of A.

() The statement 1e A is incorrect because an element of a set can never be a subaet of

itself.
(vi) The statement (1. 2. 5) cA is corect because each element of (1. 2, 5) is also an
element ofA.

(i) The statement (1. 2. 5) eA is incorrect because (1, 2. 5) is not an element of A

(väl) The statement (1, 2, 3) c A is incorrect because 3 e {1. 2. 3); however, 3 e A

(ix) The statementEAis incorect because O is not an element of A.

(x) The statementc Ais correct because o is a subsel of every 8e.

(xi) The statement (0) c A is incorrect because oe {O); however, ocA

Question 4:

Write down all the subsets of the following sets:

 of a set can never be a suDset o
an elemeni
The statement 1c A is incorrect becau se
el.

each element of (1, 2, 5) is also an

The statement (1, 2, 5) c A is correct because
)
lement of A

A is incorrect because (1, 2, 5) is not an element of A

wi) The statement (1, 2, 5) e

(1, 2, 3); however, 3 4 A

cA is incorrect because 3 e
vi) The statement (1, 2, 3)
A is incorect because 0 is not an element of A
ix) The statement e

A is correct because o is a subsel of every set.

) The statement c

A is incorrect because e {D}; however, e A

xi) The statemen! (0) c

Question 4:
Write down all the subsets of the following sets:

(Gi) (a, b

(i) (1, 2, 3)

(Giv)
Answer:

) The subsets of (a) are 0 and (a).

(Gi) The subsets of (a. b) ared, (a), {b), and fa, b}.

(i) The subsets of (1, 2. 3) are®. (1). (2). 3). {1, 2), (2, 3). (1. 3), and

1.2.39
() The only subset of iso.

Question 5:
How many elements has PA), il A = ®7

Answer:
We know that if A is a set with m elements i.e., n(A) =
m, then n[P(A)] 2" =

if A = 0, then n{A) = 0.

nPA)=21
Hence, P(A) has one element.

Question 6:
Write the following as intervals:
) x e R, -4<xs6)
(i) (a: x e R, -12<x<-10)

(ii) (xx e R, Osx<7)

(v) (x: xe R, 3sxs4)

Answer:

0 *xeR, -4< xs6) - (4,8]

() (x: x e
R,-12 <x<-10)- (-12,-10)
(Gi) (x x e R, 0sx<7) =
[0, 7)
(iv) (x: x e R, 3 sxs4) =
[3.41
 Question 6
Write the lollowing as intervals8

xs6)
6)xxe R,4<
i) (x: x e R, -12 < x< -10)

(i) x: xe R, 0sx< 7)

(iv)x:xe R, 3sxs 4)

Answe:

0 *xe R,-4< xs6) =(4,6]

(i)fx: R, -12x -10) (-12,-10)
=
x e

(1H) (x: xe R, 0sx< 7) =-

[0, 7)
(iv) (x: x ¬ R, 3 sxs 4) = [3. 4]

Question 7:

Write the following intervals in sel-builder form:

()(-3, 0)

(i)16, 2
(u)(6,13
(iv) -23, 5)

Answer:

(0 (3, 0) = (x: xe H, -3<x<09

X¬R, 6 s x s 12)
(9) [6, 12] (K:
i) (6, 12] ={x: x ¬ R, 6 < Xs 12
(iv) -23, 5) = {x: xe R, -23 s x< 5)

Question 8:
What universal set (9) would you propose lor each of the following

) The set of right triangles

i) The set ol ieosceles triangles

Answer:

) For the set of right triangles, the universal set can be the set of friangles or the set of

olygons
i) For the set of isosceles triangles, the universal sel can be the set of triang les or the set of
olygons or the sot of fwo-dimensional igures.

Juestion 9:
iven the sets A =(1, 3, 5), B ={2, 4, 6} and C=(0. 2. 4,6, 8), which of the tollowing may be
onsidered as universals set (s) for all the three sets A, B and C

)(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

)o
m co. 1, 2. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
 (0 For the sel of right tnangkes, the universal set can be ihe set of triangles or the set of

polygons.
(i) For the set of isosceles triangles, the universal set can be the set of triangles or the set of
polygons or the set of two-dimensional figures.

Question9
Given the sets A = (1, 3. 5). B = (2, 4, 6) and C= {0. 2. 4, 6, 8), which of the following may be
considered as universals set (s) for all the three sets A, B andC

(00. 1,2.3, 4, 5,6)

(i)
(H) {0. 1, 2. 3. 4,5, 6, 7, 8. 9, 10)

(iv) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)

Answer:

() t can be seen that Ac (0, 1, 2. 3, 4, 5, 6)

Bc (0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

However, Ce {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

Therefore, the set (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) cannot be the universal sel lor the sets A, B, and C.

Gi) A o, Be e 0, Ceo

Therefore, cannot be the universal set for the sets A, B, and C.

(i) A c (0. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

Bc 0. 1.2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 7, 8, 9, 10)

Cc {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10)

Therelore, 1he set (0. 1, 2, 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) is the universal set for the sets A, B, and C.

(iv) A c {1,2, 3,4,5, 6, 7, 8)

Bc(1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
However, Ce(1,2,3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8)
Therefore, the set (1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8) cannot be the univereal eet for the sets A, B, and C.

Page No 17:

Question 1:
Find the union of each of the following pairs of sets:

0X (1. 3, 5) Y=(1. 2, 3)

A (a, . i, o, u) B
=(a, b,.o
(i) A = (x: x is a natural number and multiple of 3)

B =%. x is a natural number less than 6)

(v) A = (x x is a natural number and 1<xs6)

B (x x is a natural number and 6 < X <

10)
() A = (1, 2, 3), B

Answer:

(0) X=(1,3, 5} Y ={1, 2, 3)

Xu Y= {1, 2, 3, 5)

( ) A = ( , , i o, u) B = (a. b, c)
() X= ( 1 . 3, 5) Y = (1, 2 , 3 )

(i) A = (a, e, i o, u) B = (a, b, c)

is natural number and multiple of 3)

(in)A =
(x: X a

B= (x. X is a natural number less than 6)

(iv) A = (x x is a natural number and 1 < x s 6)

B x : x is a natural number and 6 < x < 10)

) A (1. 2, 3), 8

Answer:

() X= {1. 3, 5) Y = {1, 2, 3)

Xu Y= (1. 2,. 3. 5)

(i) A = (a. e, i o, u) B = {a. b, o)

Au B-(a. b, c, e, i, o, u)

(ii) A = {x: x is a natural number and multiple of 3) = {3, 6, 9...)

As B {x: x is a natural number less than 6) {1, 2,3. 4, 5, 6)

Au B={1, 2, 4, 5, 3. 6. 9, 12..
. Au B = (x: x =1, 2. 4, 5 or a multiple ol 3)

(iv) A = (x: x is a natural number and 1<xs6) =(2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

B= {x. x is a natural number and 6< x< 10) ={7, 8, 9)

Au B =(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

. Au B (x: x e N and 1<x< 10)

() A
=(1, 2, 3). B
Au B (1, 2. 3)

Question 2:
Let A = (a, b), B = (a, b, c). Is A c B7 What is Au B?

Answer:

Here, A = (a. b) and 8 = {a, b, c)

Yes,AAcB.

Au B (a. b, c) = B

Question 3:
If A and B are wo sets such that A c B, then what is A u 87

Answer:

IWA and B are wo sets such

that A c B, then Au B=B.

Question 4:
1f A =
{1. 2. 3, 4), B (3, 4,5, 6). C =
{5, 6, 7, 8) and D =(7. 8, 9,
10), find
(9 AuB
(i) A uC

(n)BuC

(iv) B u D
A 2:38 LTE 65% O

Sets
Question 3:

IA and B are two sels such that A c 8, ihen whal is AU B?

Answer:

IfA and B are two sets such thatA c B, Ihen A u B=B.

Question 4

If A = {1. 2, 3. 4). B = (3, 4, 5, 6). C= {5. 6, 7, 8) and D = (7, 8, 9, 10)} find

() AuB

(i) AuC
() B u

(iv) Bu D

(v) A uBuC

(Vi) A u BuD

(vii) B u CuD

Answer:

A= (1, 2, 3, 4, B = (3, 4,5, 6), C= (5, 6, 7, 8) and D = {7, 8, 9, 10)

) AuB ({1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
(Gi) A u C={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)

Gii) Bu C (3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
(iv) B u D = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. 9, 10

(v) A uBuC={1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8)

(vi) Au Bu D= {1,2. 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

(vii) Bu Cu D ={3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

Page No 18:

Question 5:

Find the intersection of each pair of sels

) X=(1. 3. 5} Y = {1. 2, 3

(i) A = {a, e, i, o, u} B = {a, b, c}

(i) A ={x: x is a nalural number and multiple o1 3)

B = {x x is a natural number less than 6)

(iv) A = {x: x is a natural number and 1 < x s 6)

B {x x is a natural number and 6<x< 10))

(v) A ={1, 2, 3), B

Answer:

0) X ={1, 3, 5). Y = (1, 2, 3)

XnY {1, 3)
(i) A = {a, e, i, 0. u). B = {a, b, c)

An B (a

(ivi) A = (x: x is a nalural number and multiple of 3) = (3, 6, 9...)

B (x: x is a natural number less than 6) ={1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

2:38 LTE 65% U

Sets

B-(xxis a natural number less than 6)

(iv)A = {x: x iS a natural number and 1< Xs6)

B= (x x is a natural number and 6 < x< 10)

() A =(1, 2, 3), B =

Answer:

0) X = {1, 3, 5). Y = (1, 2, 3)

XnY {1,39
() A = {a. e, i, 0, u), B = {a, b, c)

An B=(a)

(ii) A =(x:x is a nalural number and muliple of 3) = (3, 6, 9 ..)

B={x: x is a natural number less than 6) ={1. 2, 3, 4, 5)

AnB {3
(i) A = (x: x is a natural number and 1<xs6) = {2. 3, 4, 5, 6)

B (x x is a natural number and6<x< 10)= {7, 8, 9)

AnB

(w) A = {1, 2, 3), B =

AnB

Question 6:

IfA {3.5, 7, 9. 11}, B =(7. 9, 11, 13), C = {11, 13, 15) and D = t(15, 17); ind

) An B

(i) BnC

(ii) A n C aD

(iv) AnC

()Bn D

(vi) A n (B u C)

(vii) A n D

(vii) A n (B u D)

(x) (A n B) n (B u C)

(x) (A u D) n (B u C)

Answer:

09 AnB= (7, 9, 11)

(i) B o C (11, 13)

(Gi) A n Co D ={AnC)nD ={11) n (15, 17) = o

(v) An C= (11)

()B n D

(A n (Bu G) = {An B) u (An C)

= (7.9, 11) u (11) = {7. 9. 11)

(vii) A n D
(vii) A n (B u D) = (A n B) u (A n D)

= {7, 9, 11) u0={7, 9, 11)

2:38 LTE 65%O

Sets

Answer:

()AnB {7,9, 11)

(i) B n C {11, 13)

(Gii) A n Cn D ={An C) n D =(11) n (15, 17) =°

(v) An C= (119

() B n D

(vi) A n (B u C) = (A n B) u (A n C)

( 7 , 9 , 11) u (11) = (7, 9, 11)

(vii) A n D =

(vii) A n (B u D) = (A n B) u (A n D)

= {7, 9, 11} u O ={7, 9, 11)

(ix) (A n B) n (B u C) = {7, 9, 11) n {7, 9, 11, 13, 15) = {7, 9, 11)

(x) (A u D) n (B u G) = (3, 5, 7, 9. 11, 15, 17) n {7, 9, 11, 13, 15)

{7,9, 11, 15)

Question 7:

If A = {x x is a natural number), B ={x: x is an even natural number)

C (x x is an odd nalural number) and D = (x: x is a prime number), find

) AnB

(i) An C

(i) A D

(iv) B C

() Bn D
(vi) Cn D

Answer:

A= {x: xis a natural number) = (1. 2, 3, 4, 5 . )

B=(x: x is an even natural number)= {2. 4, 6, 8..)

C= (x: x is an odd natural number) = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9...)

D=(xx isa prime number) = (2. 3, 5, 7 ..)

(0)A nB (x: x is a even natural number) =B

(i) A n C={x: x is an odd natural number) = C

(Gii) A n D= * x is a prime number) = D

(iv) B n G=®

(v) B n D (2}

(vi Cn D=(% x is odd prime number

Question 8:

Which of the following pairs of sets are disjoint

() (1,2. 3, 4) and (x: x is a natural number and 4 sxs6)

(i) fa, e, i, 0, u}and {c, d, e, 1)

(ii) {x. x is an even integ er) and {x: x is an odd integer)
2:38 LTE 65% 0

Sets

(i) A n C (x: x is an odd natural number) = C

(i) A n D= (* x is a prime number) =D

(iv) B n C=

() B n D 42)

(Vi) Gn Dz* x is odd prime number

Question 8:

Which of the following pairs of sets are disjoint

(i) (1, 2, 3, 4) and (x: x is a natural number and 4 sxs6}

(i) fa, e, i, 0, ujand (c, d, e,

(i) x x is an even integer) and (x: x is an odd intoger)

Answer:

) (1.2. 3, 4)
(x: x is a nalural number and 4 sxs6) = (4, 5, 6)

Now. (1, 2, 3, 4} n {4, 5, 6) =

(4
Therefore, this pair of sets is not disjoint.
(i) (a, e, i, o, u) n (c. d, e, 9={e)

Therefore, fa, e. i, o, u} and (c. d. e. are not disjoint

(n) {x: x is an even integer) n {x: x is an odd integer) =

Therefore, this pair of sets is disjoint.

Question 9;

IfA 3 , 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21), B = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20),

C (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16). D = (5, 10, 15, 20); find

0) B

(i) A - c

(i) A - D

(iv) B-A

() C-A
(vi) D A

(wi) B - C

(vii) B -D

(ix) C- B

(x) D- B

(xi)C D

(xil) D - C

Answer:

(0) A-B = (3. 6, 9, 15, 18, 21)

Gi) A-C=(3, 9. 15, 18, 21)

(Gii) A - D = (3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 21)

(iv) B A = (4, 8, 16, 20)

(vH) B -

(vil) B D

(x C-B
() 0- B

(i) C-D

(xi) D C

Answer:

0)A-B={3, 6, 9, 15, 18, 21)

(i) A - C = (3, 9, 15, 18, 21)

(i) A - D - {3, 6,9, 12, 18, 21)

(iv) B-A={4, 8, 16, 20)

()C-A = (2. 4, 8, 10, 14, 16)
(vi) D- A =(5, 10, 20)

(vi) B C={20)
(vili) B- D= (4, 8, 12, 16)

(ix) C- B = (2, 6, 10, 14)

(x) D- 8 (5. 10, 15)

(xi) C- D = (24,6, 8, 12. 14, 16)

(xi) D-C= (5, 15, 20)

Question 10:
If X = {a, b, c, d) and Y = {, b, d, 9). tind

X-Y
(i) Y- X

(i) X n Y

Answer:

)X-Y={e, c)
()Y-X (. g)
(i) X n Y = {b, d)

Question Il:
1R is the set of real numbere and Qls the set of raaional numbers, then what is R -a7

Answer
R: set of real numberss

a: se1 of rational numbers

Theretore, R-Q is a sei of irrational numbers.

Question 12:
State whether each of the following statement is true or falee. Justity your answer.

() (2, 3, 4, 5) and (3, 6) are disjoint sets.

(i) fa, e, i, o, u} and fa, b, c, d) are disjoint sets.

2:39 LTE 65% U

Sets

Question I :

If R is the set of real numbers and Q is the set of rational numbers, then what is R - a?

Answer:

R: sel of real numbers

a: set of rational numbers

Therelore, R- Q is a set of irrational numbers.

Question 12:

State whether each of the following statement is true or false. Justty your answer.

) (2, 3. 4, 5) and (3, 6) are disjoint sets.

(i) fa, e, i, 0, u} and {a. b, c. d) are disjoint sets.

(in) 2. 6, 10, 14) and {3, 7, 11, 15) are disjoint sets.

(iv) {2, 6, 10) and (3, 7, 11) are disjoini sets.

Answer
0) False

As 3 e (2. 3, 4, 5), 3 e (3, 6)

( 2 , 3, 4, 5) n {3, 6) = (3}

(i) False

As a e (a, e, i, 0, u}. a e {a, b, c, d)

f a , 0, i, o, u)n {a, b, C, d} = {a)

True
As (2.6, 10, 14} n {3. 7, 11, 15) =

(iv) True

As (2,6, 10)n (3, 7, 11) =°

Page No 20:

Question 1:

Let U{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), A = {1, 2, 3, 4). B = {2, 4, 6, 8) and C = {3, 4, 5, 6). Find

) A
(i) B

CGwi) (Aucy

iv)AB)

(iyB-c

Answer:

= 1 , 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

A (1, 2, 3, 4)
B= (2. 4.6. 8)

C 13. 4. 5, 6)