1/9/24, 6:06 PM State and prove Euler's theorem for three variables and hence find the following

1.5k ∂u ∂u ∂u
views x + y + z = n ⋅ u
∂x ∂y ∂z

Let, u=f(x, y, z) is a homogeneous function of degree n.

y z
n
∴ u = x f( , ) … (i)
x x

Differentiate u partially w.r.t.x,we get-

∂u y ∂ y
n−1 z n z
= nx f( , ) + x f( , ) … (ii)
x x x x
∂x ∂x

Similarly,
∂u ∂ y
n z
= x f( , ) … (iii)
x x
∂y ∂y

and

∂u ∂ y
n z
= x f( , ) … (iv)
x x
∂z ∂z

y z
Now, let = v and = w
x x

∂v −y
∴ = ,
2
∂x x

∂v 1
=
∂y x

∂v
= 0
∂z

∂w −z
= ,
2
∂x x

∂w
= 0
∂y

∂w 1
=
∂z x

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1/9/24, 6:06 PM State and prove Euler's theorem for three variables and hence find the following

∂f ∂f ∂v ∂f ∂w
Now, = ⋅ + ⋅
∂x ∂v ∂x ∂w ∂x

∂f ∂f −y ∂f −w
∴ = ( ) + ( ) … (v)
2 2
∂x ∂v x ∂w x

∂f ∂f ∂v ∂f ∂w
Also, = ⋅ + ⋅
∂y ∂v ∂y ∂w ∂y

∂f ∂f 1 ∂f 1 ∂f
∴ = ( ) + (0) = … (vi)
∂y ∂v x ∂w x ∂v

∂f ∂f ∂v ∂f ∂w
And, = ⋅ + ⋅
∂z ∂v ∂z ∂w ∂z

∂f ∂f ∂f 1 1 ∂f
∴ = (0) + ( ) = … (vii)
∂z ∂v ∂w x x ∂w

Substituting (v), (vi) and (vii) in (ii), (iii) and (iv) respectively,

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1/9/24, 6:06 PM State and prove Euler's theorem for three variables and hence find the following

∂u y −y ∂f −z ∂f
n−1 z n
∴ = nx ( , ) + x [( ) + ( ) ] … (viii)
x x 2 2
∂x x ∂v x ∂w

∂u 1 ∂f
n
∴ = nx [ ⋅ ] … (ix)
∂y x ∂v

∂u 1 ∂f
n
∴ = nx [ ⋅ ] … (x)
∂z x ∂w

Now
∂u ∂u ∂u
x + y + z
∂x ∂y ∂z

y y ∂f z ∂f
n−1 z n n
= x{nx ( , ) − x ( ) − x ( ) }
x x 2 2
x ∂v x ∂w

1 ∂f 1 ∂f
n n
+ y{nx [ ⋅ ]} + z{nx [ ⋅ ]}
x ∂v x ∂w

∂u ∂u ∂u
∴ x + y + z
∂x ∂y ∂z

y y ∂f z ∂f
n z n n
= nx ( , ) − x ( ) − x ( ) +
x x
x ∂v x ∂w

y ∂f z ∂f
n n
nx ⋅ + nx ⋅
x ∂v x ∂w

∂u ∂u ∂u y
Hence Proved.
n z
∴ x + y + z = nx ( , ) = nu
x x
∂x ∂y ∂z

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