KHARAT ACADEMY Subject - Java Programming (JPR - 22412) (IMP Questions with Answers) 1 Scheme - MSBTE Branches: CO0/CM/CW/IF (Weightage - 10 Marks) 1. List any eight features of Java. Answer: Features of Java: 1) Data Abstraction and Encapsulation 2) Inheritance 3) Polymorphism 4) Platform independence 5) Portability 6) Robust 7) Supports multithreading 8) Supports distributed applications 9) Secure 10) Architectural neutral 11) Dynamic 2. Enlist the logical operators in Java. Answer: &&: Logical AND ||: Logical OR !: Logical NOT 3. Define array. List its types. Answer; An array is a homogeneous data type where it can hold only abjects of one data type. Types of Array: 1) One-Dimensional 2) Two-Dimensional EteKHARAT ACADEMY 4. Explain any four features of Java. Answer: 1) Object Oriented: In Java, everything is an Object. Java can be easily extended since itis based on the Object model. 2) Platform Independent: Unlike many other programming languages including C and C++, when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine, rather into platform independent byte code. This byte code is distributed over the web and interpreted by the Virtual Machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run on. 3) Simple: Java is designed to be easy to learn. If you understand the basic concept of OOP Java, it would be easy to master. 4) Secure: With Java's secure feature it enables to develop virus-free, tamperfree systems. Authentication techniques are based on public-key encryption. 5) Architecture-neutral: Java compiler generates an architecture-neutral abject file format, which makes the compiled code executable on many processors, with the presence of Java runtime system. 6) Multithreaded: With Java's multithreaded feature it is possible to write programs that can perform many tasks simultanequsly. This design feature allows the developers to construct interactive applications that can run smoothly. 5. Explain the concept of platform independence and portability with respect to Java language. Answer: 1) Java is a platform independent language. This is possible because when ajava program is compiled, an intermediate code called the byte code is obtained rather than the machine code. 2) Byte code is a highly optimized set of instructions designed to be executed by the JVM which is the interpreter for the byte code. Byte code is not a machine specific code. Byte code is a universal code and can be moved anywhere to any platform. 3) Therefore javais portable, as it can be carried to any platform. JVM is a virtual machine which exists inside the computer memory and is a simulated computer thin acomputer which does all the functions of a computer. 4) Only the JVM needs to be implemented for each platform. Although the details of the JVM will defer from platform to platform, all interpret the same byte cade.KHARAT ACADEMY Source Code Java Virtual Lp Window Operating Machine (VM) ‘System i Java Virtual Linux Operating BERR: Machine (JVM) System 6. Define type casting. Explain its types with syntax and example. Answer: 1) The process of converting one data type to another is called casting or type casting. 2) If the two types are compatible, then java will perform the conversion automatically. 3) Itis possible to assign an int value to long variable. 4) However, if the two types of variables are nat compatible, the type conversions are not implicitly allowed, hence the need for type casting. ‘There are two types of conversion: 1. Implicit type-castin, 2. Explicit type-casting: 1. Implicit type-casting: Implicit type-casting performed by the compiler automatically; if there will be no loss of precision. Example: inti=3; double f; f=i; output: F230 Widening Conversion: The rule is to promote the smaller type to bigger type to prevent loss of precision, known as Widening Conversion. 2. Explicit type-casting: Explicit type-casting performed via a type-casting operator in the prefix form of (new- type) operand.KHARAT ACADEMY Type-casting forces an explicit conversion of type of a value. Type casting is an operation which takes one operand, operates on it and returns an equivalent value in the specified type. Syntax: newValue = (typecast) value; Example: double f = 3.5; inti; i=(int)f; // it cast double value 3.5 to int 3. Narrowing Casting: Explicit type cast is requires to Narrowing conversion to inform. the compiler that you are aware af the possible loss of precision, 7. Explain any two logical operator in java with example. Answer: Logical Operators: Logical operators are used when we want to form compound conditions by combining two or more relations. Java has three logical operators as shown in table: Program demonstrating logical Operators public class Test { public static void main(String args[J) { boolean a = true; boolean b = false; System.outprintin("a && b = "+ (a&&b)); System.outprintin(“a |b =" + (al{b) ); System.out-printin("!(a && b) =" +!(a && b)); } } Output: a && b = false a|| b = true !(a && b) = true 8. Explain switch case and conditional operator in java with suitable example. Answer: switch,..case statement: 1) The switch...case statement allows us to execute a block of code among many alternatives. 2) Syntax : switch (expression) { case value]: Jf code break; case value2: fiKHARAT ACADEMY f/f code break; default // default statements J The expression is evaluated once and compared with the values of each case. 3) If expression matches with valuel, the code of case valuel are executed. Similarly, the code of case value? is executed if expression matches with value2. break is a required statement, which is used to take break from switch block, if any case is true. 4) Otherwise even after executing a case, if break is not given, it will go for the next case. If there is no match, the cade of the default case is executed. Example: // Java Program to print day of week #/ using the switch..case statement class test { public static void main(String[] args) { int number = 1; String day; switch (number) { case 1 day = "Monday"; break; case 2 day= "Tuesday"; break; case 3: day ="Wednesday"; break; case 4 day= "Thursday"; ‘break; case 5: day = "Friday"; break; case 6 day= "Saturday"; break; case 7: day = "Sunday"; break; default: day= "Invalid day”; ) System.out printin(day);KHARAT ACADEMY ) Conditional Operator: The Conditional Operator Is used to select one af two expressions for evaluation, which is based on the value of the first operands. It is used to handling simple situations in a line. Syntax: expression! ? expression?:expression3; The above syntax means that if the value given in Expression] is true, then Expression2 will be evaluated; otherwise, expression3 will be evaluated. Example class test { public static void main(String[] args) { String result; inta=6,b=12; b ? “equal”:"Not equal"); System.out.printin("Both are "+result); } 9. List any four methods of string class and state the use of each. Answer: The java.lang.String class provides alot of methods to work on string. By the help of these methods, We can perform operations on string such as trimming, concatenating, converting, comparing, replacing strings etc. 1) toLowercase (): Converts all of the characters in this String to lower case. Syntax: s1.toLowerCase() Example: String s="Sachin"; System. out. printin(s.toLowerCase()); Output; sachin 2) toUppercase():Converts all of the characters in this String to upper case Syntax: s1.toUpperCase() Example: String s="Sachin"; System.out printin(s.toUpperCase(}); ii mt)KHARAT ACADEMY Output: SACHIN 3) trim Q): Returns a copy of the string, with leading and trailing whitespace omitted. Syntax: s1.trim)) Example: String s=" Sachin "; System. out.printin(s.trim()); Output:Sachin 4) replace (): Returns a new string resulting from replacing all occurrences of old Char in this string with new Char, Syntax: s1.replace('x’;y') Example: String s1="Java is a programming language. Javais a platform.”; String s2=s1.replace("Java","Kava"); //replaces all occurrences of "Java" to "Kava" System. out printin(s2); Output: Kava is a programming language. Kava is a platform, 10. Differentiate between array and vector. _— ig Aoace An array is a structure that The Vector is similar to array holds holds multiple values of the multiple objects and like an array; it same type contains components that can be accessed using an integer index An array is a homogeneous data Vectors are heterogeneous. You can type where it can hald only objects of one data type Array can store primitive type data element. Array is the static memory allocation After creation, an array isa fixed-length structure, 11. Write a Java Program to find out the even numbers from 1 to 100 using for loop. have objects of different data types inside a Vector The size of a Vector can grow or shrink as needed to accommodate adding and removing items after the Vector has been created Vector are store nonprimitive type data element. Vector is the dynamic memory allocationKHARAT ACADEMY Answer: class test { public static void main(String args{)) { System.out printin("Even numbers from 1 to 100 :"); for(int i=1;i<=100; i++) { if(i%2==0) System.out print(i+ 12. Write a java program to sort an 1-d array in ascending order using bubble- sort. Answe public class BubbleSort { public static void main(String[] args) { int arr[] ={3,60,35,2,45,320,5}; System.out.printin(“Array Before Bubble Sort"); for(int i=0; i< nj i++) { for(int j=1; j < (m-i); [+4 { if(arr[j-1] >arr{i]) { //swap elements temp=are[[-1); arr[j-1) = arr[j]; are{j] = temp; System.outprintin("Array After Bubble Sort"); for(int i=0; i< arr.length; i++) { System.outprint(are[i] + "”); ee et)KHARAT ACADEMY } 13. Write a program to create a vector with five elements as (5, 15, 25, 35, 45). Insert new element at 2nd position. Remove 1st and 4th element from vector. Answer: import java.util"; class VectarDemo { public static void main ng] args) { Vector v = new Vector(); v.addElement(new Integer(5)); v.addElement(new Integer(15)); y.addElement(new Integer(25)); y.addElement(new Integer(35)); v.addElement(new Integer(45)); System.out.printin("Original array elements are“); for(int i=0;i< v.size();i++) { System.out printIn(v.elementat(i)); } v.insertElementAt(new Integer(20),1); // insert new element at 2nd position v.removeElementat(0); //remove first element v.removeElementat(3); //remove fourth element System.out.printin(“Array elements after insert and remove operation "); for(int i=0;i< w.size();i++) { System out printin(v.elementAt(i)); fiKHARAT ACADEMY Subject - Java Programming (JPR - 22412) (IMP Questions with Answers) Scheme - MSBTE Branches: CO/CM/CW/IF (Weightage - 18 Marks) 1. Define Constructor. List its types. Answer: Constructor: A constructor is a special member which initializes an object immediately upon creation. It has the same name as class name in which it resides and itis syntactically similar to any method. When a constructor is not defined, java executes a default constructor which initializes all numeric members to zero and other types to null or spaces. Once defined, constructor is automatically called immediately after the object is created before new operator completes. Types of constructors: 1) Default constructor 2) Parameterized constructor 3) Copy constructor 2, Define Class and Object. Answer: Class: A class isa user defined data type which groups data members and its associated functions together. Object: Itis a basic unit of Object Oriented Programming and represents the real life entities. A typical Java program creates many objects, which as you know, interact by invoking methods. 3. State use of finalize( ) method with its syntax. Answer: Use of finalize(): 1) Sometimes an object will need to perform some action when itis destroyed. Eg. If an object holding some non java resources such as file handle or window character font, then before the object is garbage collected these resources should be freed. SdKHARAT ACADEMY 2) To handle such situations java provide a mechanism called finalization. In finalization, specific actions that are to be done when an object is garbage collected can be defined. 3) To add finalizer to a class define the finalize() method. The java run-time calls this method whenever it is about to recycle an object. 4) Syntax: protected void finalize() { 4. on the syntax and example for the following functions i) min ( ) ii) Sqrt () Answer: i) min) Syntax: static int min(int x, int y) Returns minimum of x and y Example: int y= Math.min(64,45); ii)Sqrt() Syntax: static double sqrt(double arg) Returns square root of arg. Example: double y= Math.sqrt(64); 5. Describe final variable and final method. Answer: Final method: making a method final ensures that the functionality defined in this method will never be altered in any way, ie a final method cannot be overridden. Syntax: final void findAverage() { //implementation } Example of declaring a final method: class A { final void show() { System.out.printin("in show of A"); ) } class B extends A { void show() // can not override because it is declared with final { System.out printin(“in show of B”);KHARAT ACADEMY } Final variable: the value of a final variable cannot be changed. Final variable behaves like class variables and they do not take any space on individual objects of the class. Example of declaring final variable: final int size = 100; 6. Name the wrapper class methods for the following: (i) To convert string objects to primitive int (ii) To convert primitive int to string objects. Answer; To convert string objects to primitive int: String str="5"; int value = Integer.parselnt(str); To convert primitive int to string objects: int value=5; String str=Integer.toString(value); 7. Explain the types of constructors in Java with suitable example. OR 8. What is constructor? List types of constructor. Explain parameterized constructor with suitable example. Answer: Constructors are used to initialize an object as soon as itis created. Every time an object is created using the ‘new’ keyword, a constructor is invoked. If no constructor is defined in a class, java compiler creates a default constructor. Constructors are similar to methods but with to differences, constructor has the same name as that of the class and it does not return any value. The types of constructors are: 1. Default constructor 2. Constructor with no arguments 3. Parameterized constructor 4. Copy constructor a. Default constructor: Java automatically creates default constructor if there is no default or parameterized constructor written by user. Default constructor in Java initializes member data variable to default values (numeric values are initialized as 0, Boolean is initialized as false and references are initialized as null). class testl { inti; boolean b; byte bt; float ft;KHARAT ACADEMY String s; public static void main(String args[]) { test1 t = new test / default constructor is called. System.out printin(ti System.out printIn(ts); System.out.printin(t.b); System.out.printIn(t-bt); System.out printin(t-ft); . Constructor with no arguments: Such constructors does not have any parameters. All the objects created using this type of constructors has the same values for its datamembers. Eg: class Student { int roll_na; String name; Student() { roll_n i name="ABC"; } void displayQ) { System.out.printin("Roll no is: "+follno); System.out.printin("Name is : "+name); } public static void main(String af]}) { Student s = new Student(); sdisplay(); c. Parametrized constructor: Such constructor consists of parameters. Such constructors can be used to create different objects with datamembers having different values. class Student { int roll_no; String name; Student(int r, String n) { roll_no = r; name=n; J void display() { System.out printin("Roll no '+roll_no); System.out printin("Name is : "+name);KHARAT ACADEMY public static void main(String a[]) { Student s = new Student(20,"ABC"); s.display(); d. Copy Constructor: A copy constructor is a constructor that creates anew object using an existing object of the same class and jalizes each instance variable of newly created object with corresponding instance variables of the existing abject passed as argument. This constructor takes a single argument whose type is that of the class containing the constructor. class Rectangle { int length; int breadth; Rectangle(intl, int b) { length = |; breadth= b; } //copy constructor Rectangle(Rectangle obj) { length = obj.length; breadth= obj.breadth; ) public static void main(String[] args) { Rectangle r1= new Rectangle(5,6); Rectangle r2= new Rectangle(r1); System.out printIn(“Area of First Rectangle : “+ (r1.length*r1.breadth)); System .outprintin("Area of First Second Rectangle : “+(r1Jength*r1.breadth)); ) } 9, Describe instance Of and dot (.) operators in Java with suitable example. Answer: Instance of operator: The java instance of operator is used to test whether the object is an instance of the specified type (class or subclass or interface). The instance of in java is also known as type comparison operator because it compares the instance with type. It returns either true or false. If we apply the instance of operator with any variable that has null value, it returns false. Example class Simple1{ public static void main(String args[]) { Simple1 s=new Simple1(); PieKHARAT ACADEMY System.out printin(sinstanceofSimple1);//true ) } dot (.) operator: The dot operator, also known as separator ar periad used to separate a variable or method from a reference variable. Only static variables or methods can be accessed using class name. Code that is outside the object's class must use an object reference or expression, followed by the dot (.) operator, followed by a simple field name. Example this.name="john"; //where name is a instance variable referenced by ‘this’ keyword c.getdata(); //where getdata() is a method invoked on object ‘c’ 10. Explain the command line arguments with suitable example. Answer: Java Command Line Argument: The java command-line argument is an argument i.e. passed at the time of running the java program. 1) The arguments passed from the console can be received in the java program and it can be used as an input. 2) So, it provides a convenient way to check the behaviour of the program for the different values. You can pass N (1,2,3 and so on) numbers of arguments from the command prompt. 3) Command Line Arguments can be used to specify configuration information while launching your application. There is norestriction on the number of java command line arguments. 4) You can specify any number of arguments Information is passed as Strings. They are captured into the String args of your main method Simple example of command-line argument in java In this example, we are receiving only one argument and printing it. 5) To run this java program, you must pass at least one argument from the command prompt. class CommandLineExample { public static void main(String args[]){ System.out.printin("Your first argument is: "+args[0]); } } compile by > javac CommandLineExample.java run by > java CommandLineExample sonoo 11. Differentiate between String and String Buffer.KHARAT ACADEMY String is a major class String Buffer isa peer class of String aa Length is fixed (immutable) Length is flexible (mutable) Contents of object cannot be Contents of object can be modified modified Object can be created by Objects can be created by calling assigning String constants constructor of String Buffer class enclosed in double quotes using “new" 12. Define a class circle having data members pi and radius. Initialize and display values of data members also calculate area of circle and display it. Answer: class abe { float pi,radius; abc(float p, float r) { pi=p; radius=r; } void area() { float ar=pi*radius*radius; System.out.printin(“Area="+ar); } void display) { System.out prinun( "Pi: System.out-printin("Radius="+radius); } class area { public static void main(String args[]) { abe a=new abc(3.14£,5.00); a.display(); aarea(];KHARAT ACADEMY Subject - Java Programming (JPR - 22412) (IMP Questions with Answers) y CUE eC: I Scheme - MSBTE Branches: CO/CM/CW/IF (Weightage - 12 Marks) 1. List the types of inheritances in Java. Answer: Types of inheritances in Java: 1) Single level inheritance 2) Multilevel inheritance 3) Hierarchical inheritance 4) Multiple inheritance 5) Hybrid inheritance 2. Define the interface in Java. Answer: Interface is similar to a class. It consist of only abstract methods and final variables. To implement an interface a class must define each of the method declared in the interface. It is used to achieve fully abstraction and multiple inheritance in Java 3. List any four Java API packages. Answer: 1) java.lang 2) java.util 3) javi 4) javaawt 5) java.net 6) ava.applet 4, Explain single and multilevel inheritance with proper example. eea4 KHARAT ACADEMY Answer: 1) Single level inheritance: In single inheritance, a single subclass extends froma single superclass. ferry terre) Example : class A{ void display() { System.out printin(“In Parent class A"); } } class B extends A //derived class B from A { void show() { System.out.printin("In child class B"); } public static void main(String args[]) { B b= new BO); b.display(); //super class method call bshow(); //'sub class method call ) 2) Multilevel inheritance: In multilevel inheritance, a subclass extends from a superclass and then the same subclass acts as a superclass for another class. Basically it appears as derived from a derived class. Class A Class B Example: class A {KHARAT ACADEMY void display(){ System.out.printIn(“In Parent class A”); ) } class B extends A //derived class B from A { void show(] { System.out.printin("In child class B"); ) } class C extends B //derived class C fram B { public void print() { System.out.printIn(“In derived from derived class C”); } public static void main(String args[]) { Cc=new CQ); c.display(); //super class method call c.show(); // sub class method call c.print(); //sub-sub class method call } 5. Explain the four access specifiers in Java. OR 6. Explain any four visibility controls in Java. Answer: There are 4 types of java access modifiers: 1, private 2. default 3. protected. 4. public 1) private access modifier: The private access modifier is accessible only within class. 2) default access specifier: If you don’t specify any access control specifier, it is default, Le. it becomes implicit public and it is accessible within the program.KHARAT ACADEMY 3) protected access specifier: The protected access specifier is accessible within package and outside the package but through inheritance only. 4) public access specifier: The public access specifier is accessible everywhere. It has the widest scope among all other modifiers. Access Modifier Access Location Public Protected Friendly (default) Private protected private Same Class Yes Yes es Sub class in same package Other classes in Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes s Ye Yes same package Sub class in other Yes packages Yes Non sub classes in Yes No other packages Ye! Yes No No No | 7 [| % 7. Differentiate between class and interfaces. vet doesn't Supports inheritance extend keyword is used to inherit class contain method body contains any type of variable Ey can have constructor 8. = BE On 1 Applets run in web pages Eee vu alias Applets are not full featured application programs. 3 | Applets are the small programs Applet starts execution with its init(). =~ Sy ae multiple Supports multiple inheritance implements inherit interface contains abstract method contains only final variable cannot have constructor keyword is used to n Stet overloading and method overriding. Java Application Applications run on standalone systems. Applications are full programs. featured Applications are larger programs: Application starts execution with its main ()KHARAT ACADEMY Applets are event driven Applications are control driven 9. Explain dynamic method dispatch in Java with suitable example. Answer: Dynamic method dispatch is the mechanism by which a call to an overridden method is resolved at run time, rather than compile time. 1) When an overridden method is called through a superclass reference, Java determines which version (superclass/subclasses) of that method is tobe executed based upon the type of the object being referred to at the time the call occurs. Thus, this determination is made at run time. 2) At run-time, it depends on the type of the object being referred to (not the type of the reference variable) that determines which version of an overridden method will be executed 3) A superclass reference variable can refer to a subclass object. This is also known as upcasting. Java uses this fact to resolve calls to overridden methods at run time. Therefore, if a superclass contains a method thatis overridden bya subclass, then when different types of objects are referred to through a superclass reference variable, different versions of the method are executed. Here is an example that illustrates dynamic method dispatch: // A Java program to illustrate Dynamic Method // Dispatch using hierarchical inheritance class A { void m1) { System.out printin("Inside A's m1 method"); } } class B extends A { // overriding m1Q) void m1(){ System.out printin("Inside B's m1 method"); } } class. C extends A { /foverriding m1() void m10) { System.out.printin("Inside C's m1 method"); } } // Driver class class Dispatch { lava Programming Pages