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18 views11 pages

Phy Project

Uploaded by

daworld07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Index

1. Introduction
2.Basic Gates
3.OR Gate
4.AND Gate
5.NOT Gate
Introduction
GATE: - A gate is defined as a digital circuit which follows
some logical relationship between the input and output
voltages. It is a digital circuit which either allows a signal to pass
through or stop it.

The logic gates are building blocks at digital electronics. They


are used in digital electronics to change one voltage level
into another according to some logic statement relating to
them.

Truth Table: -A logic gate may have one or more than


one inputs, but it has only one output. The relationship
between the possible values of input and output
voltages are expressed in the form of a table called truth
table.

Truth table of a logic gate is a table that shows all the inputs
and outputs that are possible for the logic gates.

Boolean algebra: - The algebra which is based on Binary nature


of the logic gates.

Boolean Expressions: - They are the logical statement which are


followed by logical gates.
BASIC GATES
The OR Gate: -It is a device that combines A and B to give Y
as the result. The OR gate has two or more inputs and one output . In
Boolean algebra, addition symbol (+), is referred as the OR.

The Boolean expression: A+B=Y

This indicates that Y equals to A or B.

The AND Gate: -It is a device that combines A with


B to give Yas the result. The AND gate has two or more inputs
and one output. In Boolean algebra, multiplication sign is referred
as the AND.

The Boolean expression: A.B=Y o r A X B=Y


This indicates that Y equals to A and B.
The NOT Gate: -It is a device that inverts the inputs.
The NOT has one input and has one output. In Boolean
algebra, bar symbol is referred as the NOT.

This indicates that Y is not equal to A


The OR Gate
Aim: To design and stimulate the OR gate circuit.

Components: Two ideal p-n junction diode (D1 and D2).

Theory and Construction: An OR gate can be realized by the


electronic circuit, making use of two diodes D1 and D2.

Hear the negative terminal of the battery is grounded and


corresponds to the 0 level, and the positive terminal of
the battery corresponds to level.
1. The output Y is voltage at C with respect to earth.
The following conclusion can be drawn from the above circuit:
(i) If the switch A and B are kept open (A=1, B=0), then bulb does
not glow, hence Y=0
(ii) If switch A is kept closed and B is kept open (A=1, B=0), then
bulb does not glow, hence Y=0
(iii)If switch A is kept open and B is kept closed(A=0, B=1), then
bulb does not glow, hence Y=0
(iv)If switch A and B both are kept closed (A=1,B=1), then bulb
glows, hence Y=1
TRUTH TABLE
The AND Gate
Aim: TO DESIGN AND STIMULATE THE AND
GATECIRCUIT.

Components: Two ideal p-


n junction diode (D1 and D2) and resistance R.

Theory and Construction: An AND gate can be realized by the


electronic circuit, making use of two diodes D1 and D2. The
resistance Ris connected to the positive terminal of a 5V
battery permanently.

Here the negative terminal of the battery is grounded and


corresponds to the 0 level, and the positive terminal of
the battery corresponds to the level 1. The output Y is the
voltage at C with respect to earth.
The following conclusion can be easily drawn from the working of
this circuit:

(i)If the switch A and B are kept open (A=0, B=0), then bulb does
not glow, hence Y=0.
(ii)If switch A is kept closed and B is kept open (A=1, B=0), then
bulb does not glow, hence Y=0.
(iii)If switch A is kept open and B is kept closed (A=0, B=1), then
bulb does not glow, hence Y=0.
(iv)If both switch A and B are kept closed (A=1,B=1), then bulb
glows, hence Y=1
TRUTH TABLE
The NOT Gate
Aim: TO DESIGN AND STIMULATE THE NOT
GATECIRCUIT.

Components: An ideal n-p-n transistor.

Theory and Construction: A NOT gate cannot be realized by using


diodes. However, an electronic circuit of NOT gate can be realized
by making use a n-p-n transistor.

The base of the transistor is connected to the input A through a


resistance Rb, and the emitter is earthed. The collector is connected to
5V battery. The output Y is voltage at C with respect to earth.
The following inference can be easily drawn from the working of
circuit:
(i)If the switch A is kept open (A=0) then bulb glows, hence Y=1
(ii)If the switch A is kept closed (A=1) then bulb does not glow,
hence Y=0
TRUTH TABLE
Conclusion
Logic gates are used to develop many IC.
circuits or microchips in today’s modern
world.
Without logic gates, electronic world would
be nearly incomplete!

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 https://youtu.be/kajfko-1WRE
 http://www.scribd.com/

thank you!

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