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o Relays manuals.
o Approved schematic drawings.
o Protection requirement.
o Test equipment valid calibration certificates.
o Approved Contractor organization chart.
o Contractor staff approved qualification certificates.
o Approved energization check list.
o Approved equipment energization permit.

- Its responsibility of the commissioning contractors to provide all testing of on load

test following all of this work instruction.
- Its responsibility of the CSD Engineer/Technician to check and witness all
activities required for on load test following all of this work instruction.
- CSD Engineer/Technician is responsible for recording status of any test for on
load test in its check list and test form as per the following work instruction.
- Each check list and test form shall be signed by CSD engineer/technician and
testing contractor engineer.

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3.0 Work Instructions of On Load Tests

3.1 On Load tests for CT/VT Circuits & Transformer Inspection

Item Description Remarks

Visually inspect CT compartments in the GIS, Switchgear, etc... and
1.
make sure there is no abnormal sound.
Visually inspect the Power Transformer & Auxiliary Transformers
2.
and make sure there is no abnormal sound.
For VT Circuit check all Secondary Voltage for all phases between
3. phases each other and phases with neutral which should be in
accordance to the VT ratio.
Check phase rotation with a phase rotation meter connected across
4.
the three phases.
For loaded equipment Measure the all secondary current for all
phases and neutral with Clamp meter in metering and protection
5.
cores, the values should be in accordance with the ratios of the
cores.
Check and record all panel meter readings to compare with CT
6.
measurements in the control circuits.
For numerical protection relays check measurements frequency,
7.
current, voltage magnitudes, phase angles, and power factor.
8. Check the power directionality, active power and reactive power.

3.2 On Load Line/Cable Differential Protection Stability & Sensitivity

Item Description Remarks

Ensure that the new Feeder was energized without any load for one
1.
hour at least before on load Test.
For numerical protection relays check measurements frequency,
2. current, voltage magnitudes, and phase angles, power factor, power
directionality, active power and reactive power.
Ensure to decrease the tripping time of over current protection to less
3.
than 0.5 sec (if DMT O/C).
Ensure that the TRIPPING of Line or Cable differential Relay is
4.
ISOLATED to prevent false operation of relay.
For relays that relay on fiber communication to send inter-trip signals,
5. Isolate tripping facility on both sides of the line (local and remote
end) to prevent false trip.
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If necessary, isolate any relay operated alarm contacts and any

6.
breaker failure initiation contacts as per the scheme
Ensure that the Feeder is loaded by 25% at least from its rated
7.
current.
Measure currents on each phase, they must be balanced (equal) and
8.
the differential current must be close to zero in stable case.
Check the relay performance (Trip Action) at unstable condition by
reversing the current direction by one of the following methods :
- By relay software.
9. - By reversing current wire (must prevent opening of CT circuit by
(making short circuit for current pass).
-By shorting one current phase with neutral to make current
unbalance
If the differential current is lower than the relay setting, reduce the
10.
setting of the relay to observe its operation.
11. Normalize the relay setting
Normalize the CT circuit (Shorted or cross wired) or the software
12.
internal current direction.
Reset the relay to make sure that any operated trip / alarm / CBF
13.
start contacts (latching or non-latching) have normalized
Normalize the isolated trip links and any isolated contacts (alarm,
14.
breaker fail …etc)
Ensure that the tripping time of over current protection as final setting
15.
after finished the test (if DMT O/C).

3.3 On Load Confirmation of Relay Directionality

(Distance / Directional Over-Current and directional Earth Fault protections)

Item Description Remarks

Use test plug to isolate tripping circuit and take all precautions to
1. prevent any current circuit opening by using good type of jumper
wires for shorting CT plug current terminals.
For relays that rely on fiber communication to send inter-trip signals,
2. Isolate tripping facility on both sides of the line (local and remote
end) to prevent accidental disconnection of the power circuit.
Isolate any relay operated alarm contacts and any breaker failure
3.
initiation contacts as per the scheme
Ensure that VT fail function of directional Relay is switched off to
4.
prevent relay block.
5. Ensure that the Feeder is loaded by 25% rated current at least.
6. Ensure to decrease the tripping time of over current protection to
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less than 0.5 sec (if DMT O/C).

Measure the currents magnitude with phase angles and confirm that
7. angle measured is approximately same as on power meter of circuit
and system control.
Compare the measured values of phase angles at local end with the
8. ones measured at remote end. Results at both ends should be
approximately 180 degrees out of phase.
For numerical relays, direction can be verified from relay as
9.
explained in respective relay manuals.
Check the Power direction by checking the current direction, if the
10. feeder export in this case the active power will be forward (+ve), and
Vice versa the power will be reverse (–ve)
For export feeder :
(Active power is +ve, and reactive power is +ve for Lagging and –
ve for Leading Power factor.)
a. Remove one red phase voltage, ensure that the distance
protection will pickup and trip for a forward fault (Z1, Z2 … etc)
b. Ensure that the directional O/C protection picks up and trip for
that
forward direction. Swap polarity of the phase current R and
protection will not operate.
c. If the distance protection picks up or trips for a reverse fault
(Z3’, Z4, Z5, Zreverse) …etc then the directionality is incorrect.
d. If the directional over current protection not operate check
setting values and decrease until operate or check
directionality.
For import feeder:
11. (active power is –ve, and reactive power is -ve) for Lagging and
+ve reactive power for Leading Power factor.)
e. Remove one phase red voltage, ensure that the distance
protection will pickup and trip for a reverse fault (Z3’, Z4, Z5,
Zreverse …etc)
f. Ensure that the directional O/C protection will not operate for
that reverse direction. Swap the polarity of current phase R and
ensure that protection will operate at setting decreased to load
current.
If the distance protection picks up or trips for a forward fault (Z1,
Z2) …etc then the directionality is incorrect.
For directional earth fault:
(remove one phase voltage to result summation of another two
phases and make short circuit for another two current phases to
obtain the third phase as an input current to the relay) according to
obtained values of voltage, current and angle the relay action. Make
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reverse polarity and check the relay action.

Repeat the previous procedure for Yellow and Blue voltage phases,
12.
and check relay performance.
Reset the relay to make sure that any operated trip / alarm / CBF
13.
start contacts (latching or non-latching) have normalized
Normalize the isolated trip links and any isolated contacts (alarm,
14.
breaker fail …etc)
Ensure that all hardware connections are normalized ok as per
15.
drawing and tightness.
Ensure that the tripping of Directional relay is in services after
16.
finished the test.
Ensure that the tripping time of over current protection as final
17.
setting after finished the test (if DMT O/C).

3.4 Transformer Differential Protection on Load Stability Tests

Item Description Remarks

This test should only be performed after the transformer has been
1. energized for at least 24 hours with no load, and all temperature
readings and indications are healthy.
To load a transformer, start with approximately 10% rated current.
2. Check operating current in differential relay, so the loading should be
gradually and checking operating and restraint currents of the relay.
Check the phase angle between primary and secondary current for
3.
each phase depending on the transformer vector group.
Check the readings of Primary, Secondary and differential Currents
4.
(spill currents between phases)
If deviation in expected values of operating and restraint current for
5. all phases then isolate the differential relay tripping circuit and solve
the problem in current circuit or in relay setting.

3.5 Restricted Earth Fault Protection on Load Stability Tests

Item Description Remarks

This test should only be performed after the transformer has been
1. energized for at least 24 hours with no load, and all temperature
readings and indications are healthy.
Ensure that the transformer is loaded by 25% at least from its rated
2.
current.
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By mean of clamp meter, check the current balance of all phases or

3.
read the current and angles of phases if the relay is digital.
For high impedance REF, by using mean of volt meter, ensure that
4. the voltage across relay coil terminal almost equal to zero which
related to differential current.

3.6 Bus Bar Protection on Load Stability Tests

Item Description Remarks

1. With the bus-bar loaded with at least 25% of the rated current:
Measure the current and angle of all current circuits in all bays and
in BBP panels for discrimination and check zones. Check stable
2.
current Is and differential current Id values in the discrimination
zones and check zone. Differential current Id should be zero

3.7 Stuck Breaker Protection On-Load Stability & Sensitivity Tests

Item Description Remarks

Stability on-load:
With at least 25% load on the circuit:
Verify with a clip on meter or a phase angle meter that the CT
secondary currents are correct depending on CT ratio for incomer
and bus section breaker CT’s.
1. Verify with clip on meter that the summation current of both CT
secondary circuits is matching to the summation of load of the bus
section.
Verify the reading on the relay in secondary and primary current to
equal the summation of load for that bus section.
Repeat the stability readings for all phases (R, Y, and B).

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4.0 REFERENCES

Index Number /
Title
Reference Number
PR-NG-6460-002 Project Commissioning Procedure
PR-NG-6460-003 Project Energization procedure
CL-NG-6460-002-102 Checklist for On Load Tests

5.0 REVISION HISTORY

Version Date Brief Description of Change / Annual Review

00 2015-07-01 First issue.

This document shall comply in accordance with the existing Company’s Rules and Regulations.
Any modifications therein found not conformance with the document shall be declared invalid.
For clarification and verification on this document, contact the following:

Engr. Tarek Mohammad Ahmad

Technical Support and Coordination Division
Commissioning Services Department
Technical Services Business Unit
Extension No. 77469 Email: [email protected]

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1.0 Equipment General Data and Information

Substation
Bay/Panel
Equipment Serial No

2.0 On Load tests for CT/VT Circuits & Transformer Inspection

Item Description Done Remarks

Visually inspect CT compartments in the GIS, Switchgear,
1.
etc... and make sure there is no abnormal sound.
Visually inspect the Power Transformer & Auxiliary
2.
Transformers and make sure there is no abnormal sound.
For VT Circuit check all Secondary Voltage for all phases
3. between phases each other and phases with neutral which
should be in accordance to the VT ratio.
Check phase rotation with a phase rotation meter
4. connected across the three phases.
For loaded equipment Measure the all secondary current
for all phases and neutral with Clamp meter in metering
5. and protection cores, the values should be in accordance
with the ratios of the cores.
Check and record all panel meter readings to compare with
6. CT measurements in the control circuits.
For numerical protection relays check measurements
7. frequency, current, voltage magnitudes, phase angles, and
power factor.
Check the power directionality, active power and reactive
8. power.

3.0 On Load Line/Cable Differential Protection Stability & Sensitivity

Item Description Done Remarks

Ensure that the new Feeder was energized without any load
1.
for one hour at least before on load Test.
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For numerical protection relays check measurements

frequency, current, voltage magnitudes, and phase angles,
2.
power factor, power directionality, active power and reactive
power.
Ensure to decrease the tripping time of over current
3.
protection to less than 0.5 sec (if DMT O/C).
Ensure that the TRIPPING of Line or Cable differential
4.
Relay is ISOLATED to prevent false operation of relay.
For relays that relay on fiber communication to send inter-
trip signals,
5.
Isolate tripping facility on both sides of the line (local and
remote end) to prevent false trip.
If necessary, isolate any relay operated alarm contacts and
6.
any breaker failure initiation contacts as per the scheme
Ensure that the Feeder is loaded by 25% at least from its
7.
rated current.
Measure currents on each phase, they must be balanced
8. (equal) and the differential current must be close to zero in
stable case.
Check the relay performance (Trip Action) at unstable
condition by reversing the current direction by one of the
following methods :
- By relay software.
9.
- By reversing current wire (must prevent opening of CT
circuit by (making short circuit for current pass).
-By shorting one current phase with neutral to make current
unbalance
If the differential current is lower than the relay setting,
10.
reduce the setting of the relay to observe its operation.
11. Normalize the relay setting
Normalize the CT circuit (Shorted or cross wired) or the
12.
software internal current direction.
Reset the relay to make sure that any operated trip / alarm /
13. CBF start contacts (latching or non-latching) have
normalized
Normalize the isolated trip links and any isolated contacts
14.
(alarm, breaker fail …etc)

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Ensure that the tripping time of over current protection as

15.
final setting after finished the test (if DMT O/C).

4.0 On Load Confirmation of Relay Directionality

(Distance / Directional Over-Current and directional Earth Fault protections)

Item Description Done Remarks

Use test plug to isolate tripping circuit and take all
precautions to prevent any current circuit opening by using
1.
good type of jumper wires for shorting CT plug current
terminals.
For relays that rely on fiber communication to send inter-trip
signals,
2. Isolate tripping facility on both sides of the line (local and
remote end) to prevent accidental disconnection of the power
circuit.
Isolate any relay operated alarm contacts and any breaker
3.
failure initiation contacts as per the scheme
Ensure that VT fail function of directional Relay is switched
4.
off to prevent relay block.
Ensure that the Feeder is loaded by 25% rated current at
5.
least.
Ensure to decrease the tripping time of over current
6.
protection to less than 0.5 sec (if DMT O/C).
Measure the currents magnitude with phase angles and
7. confirm that angle measured is approximately same as on
power meter of circuit and system control.
Compare the measured values of phase angles at local end
8. with the ones measured at remote end. Results at both ends
should be approximately 180 degrees out of phase.
For numerical relays, direction can be verified from relay as
9.
explained in respective relay manuals.
Check the Power direction by checking the current direction,
10. if the feeder export in this case the active power will be
forward (+ve), and Vice versa the power will be reverse (–ve)

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For export feeder :

(Active power is +ve, and reactive power is +ve for Lagging
and –ve for Leading Power factor.)
a. Remove one red phase voltage, ensure that the distance
protection will pickup and trip for a forward fault (Z1, Z2
… etc)
b. Ensure that the directional O/C protection picks up and
trip for that
forward direction. Swap polarity of the phase current R
and protection will not operate.
c. If the distance protection picks up or trips for a reverse
fault (Z3’, Z4, Z5, Zreverse) …etc then the directionality is
incorrect.
d. If the directional over current protection not operate
check setting values and decrease until operate or check
directionality.
For import feeder:
11. (active power is –ve, and reactive power is -ve) for Lagging
and +ve reactive power for Leading Power factor.)
e. Remove one phase red voltage, ensure that the distance
protection will pickup and trip for a reverse fault (Z3’, Z4,
Z5, Zreverse …etc)
f. Ensure that the directional O/C protection will not
operate for that reverse direction. Swap the polarity of
current phase R and ensure that protection will operate
at setting decreased to load current.
If the distance protection picks up or trips for a forward fault
(Z1, Z2) …etc then the directionality is incorrect.
For directional earth fault:
(remove one phase voltage to result summation of another
two phases and make short circuit for another two current
phases to obtain the third phase as an input current to the
relay) according to obtained values of voltage, current and
angle the relay action. Make reverse polarity and check the
relay action.
Repeat the previous procedure for Yellow and Blue voltage
12.
phases, and check relay performance.
Reset the relay to make sure that any operated trip / alarm /
13.
CBF start contacts (latching or non-latching) have normalized
Normalize the isolated trip links and any isolated contacts
14.
(alarm, breaker fail …etc)
Ensure that all hardware connections are normalized ok as
15.
per drawing and tightness.
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Ensure that the tripping of Directional relay is in services after

16.
finished the test.
Ensure that the tripping time of over current protection as
17.
final setting after finished the test (if DMT O/C).

5.0 Transformer Differential Protection on Load Stability Tests

Item Description Done Remarks

This test should only be performed after the transformer has
1. been energized for at least 24 hours with no load, and all
temperature readings and indications are healthy.
To load a transformer, start with approximately 10% rated
current. Check operating current in differential relay, so the
2. loading should be gradually and checking operating and
restraint currents of the relay.
Check the phase angle between primary and secondary
3. current for each phase depending on the transformer vector
group.
Check the readings of Primary, Secondary and differential
4. Currents (spill currents between phases)
If deviation in expected values of operating and restraint
current for all phases then isolate the differential relay
5. tripping circuit and solve the problem in current circuit or in
relay setting.

6.0 Restricted Earth Fault Protection on Load Stability Tests

Done
Item Description Remarks

This test should only be performed after the transformer has

1. been energized for at least 24 hours with no load, and all
temperature readings and indications are healthy.
Ensure that the transformer is loaded by 25% at least from its
2. rated current.
By mean of clamp meter, check the current balance of all
3. phases or read the current and angles of phases if the relay is
digital.
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For high impedance REF, by using mean of volt meter, ensure

4. that the voltage across relay coil terminal almost equal to zero
which related to differential current.

7.0 Bus Bar Protection on Load Stability Tests

Item Description Done Remarks

With the bus-bar loaded with at least 25% of the rated
1.
current:
Measure the current and angle of all current circuits in all
bays and in BBP panels for discrimination and check
2. zones. Check stable current Is and differential current Id
values in the discrimination zones and check zone.
Differential current Id should be zero

8.0 Stuck Breaker Protection On-Load Stability & Sensitivity Tests

Item Description Done Remarks

Stability on-load:
With at least 25% load on the circuit:
Verify with a clip on meter or a phase angle meter that
the CT secondary currents are correct depending on CT
ratio for incomer and bus section breaker CT’s.
Verify with clip on meter that the summation current of
1.
both CT secondary circuits is matching to the summation
of load of the bus section.
Verify the reading on the relay in secondary and primary
current to equal the summation of load for that bus
section.
Repeat the stability readings for all phases (R, Y, and B).

CSD Contractor T&C Contractor

Name
Sign.

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