StudyonthemicrostructuremechanicalpropertiesandcorrosionbehaviourofS355JR316Ldissimilarweldedjointpreparedbygastungstenarcwelding
StudyonthemicrostructuremechanicalpropertiesandcorrosionbehaviourofS355JR316Ldissimilarweldedjointpreparedbygastungstenarcwelding
StudyonthemicrostructuremechanicalpropertiesandcorrosionbehaviourofS355JR316Ldissimilarweldedjointpreparedbygastungstenarcwelding
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To cite this article: B.-S. Huang, J. Yang, D.-H. Lu & W.-J. Bin (2016) Study on the microstructure,
mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of S355JR/316L dissimilar welded joint prepared
by gas tungsten arc welding multi-pass welding process, Science and Technology of Welding and
Joining, 21:5, 381-388, DOI: 10.1080/13621718.2015.1122152
Download by: [Dalian University of Technology] Date: 20 November 2017, At: 19:12
Study on the microstructure, mechanical
properties and corrosion behaviour of S355JR/
316L dissimilar welded joint prepared by gas
tungsten arc welding multi-pass welding
process
B.-S. Huang1, J. Yang1∗ , D.-H. Lu2 and W.-J. Bin3
In this study, the joints of dissimilar materials between S355JR carbon steel and 316L stainless
Downloaded by [Dalian University of Technology] at 19:12 20 November 2017
steel were welded by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) multi-pass welding process.
Characterisations of microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviours of
dissimilar joint were investigated. The experimental results reveal that the microstructure of weld
metal (WM) is austenite and vermiform δ-ferrite, and they cross-distribute in the weld seam.
Moreover, there is a decarburisation layer on the interface of S355JR/WM, but the detrimental
phase σ and M23C6 (chromium carbide) are not observed in the WM through X-ray diffraction.
The fracture of the S355JR/316L welded joints always occurs in the S355JR heat affected zone
during tensile test. Mechanical properties of the welded joints prepared by GTAW can meet the
requirements of engineering application. The electrochemical corrosion test is also indicates that
the corrosion resistance of WM decreases compared with the 316L base material. The corrosion
products of S355JR/316L dissimilar welded joints in 3.5 wt-% NaCl aqueous solution mainly are
α-Fe and FeOOH.
Keywords: Carbon steel, Austenitic stainless steel, Dissimilar welding, Microstructure, Mechanical properties, Corrosion mechanism
Materials C Si Mn S P Ni Cr Mo Cu Fe
similar ones in welding mechanism and operation tech- Materials and experimental procedure
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Mechanical properties testing of 100 gf and duration time of 15 s. The schematic dia-
The tensile tests were carried out using WDW-1000 with gram of the microhardness specimen is shown in Fig. 2.
the specimens of 5 mm × 10 mm × 120 mm at room temp-
erature. The impact tests were performed by using Electrochemical testing
ZBC2302-D at room temperature with the specimens of The electrochemical corrosion test was carried out by
10 mm × 10 mm × 55 mm. The room temperature tensile using PGSTAS 302N in a conventional three-electrode
and impact tests of the joints were carried out according cell. Corrosion samples from the joints and base materials
to the international standards ISO 6892.1-200920 and
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3 Microstructure of base materials and S355JR/316L dissimilar welded joints: a S355JR; b WM-S355JR junction; c WM; d WM/
316L junction and e 316L
burnished with abrasive paper and degreased with prone to form detrimental phase or secondary phase in
acetone. The experiments were carried out in solution of WM, such as σ phase(Fe–Cr compound), M23C6 (chro-
3.5 wt-% NaCl at room temperature with the scan rate mium carbide), ect.17,23 Wherefore, XRD analysis was
of 30 mV min–1. carried out on the WM, and the results are shown in
Fig. 6. From this pattern, it can be observed that there
Results and discussion are α phase, γ phase, Cr2Ni3 and FeNi3 in the WM, but
σ phase and M23C6 (chromium carbide) do not exist,
Microstructure analysis which indicates that the quality of WM is excellent. It is
Figure 3 shows the microstructure of S355JR base benefit to ensure the mechanical properties and corrosion
materials, 316L base materials and the S355JR/316L dis- resistance of dissimilar welded joints and prolong service
similar joints. It can be seen that the microstructure in life of dissimilar welded component.
S355JR steel is composed of ferrite and pearlite (Fig.
3a) and in 316L steel it is clumpy austenite (Fig. 3e). How- Mechanical properties analysis
ever, the microstructure in WM is austenite and vermi-
Tensile properties
form δ-ferrite as shown in Fig. 3c. What is more, it can
see that the microstructure in S355JR HAZ is composed The tensile test results of S355/316L dissimilar welded
of polygonal ferrite, pearlite and a small amount of bai- joint and base materials on both sides at room tempera-
nite (Fig. 3b), and there is an obvious white region in ture are presented in Table 3. It is clear that the average
S355JR HAZ near the weld seam (decarburisation tensile strength of weld joints is 533.4 MPa. Moreover,
layer), which is due to the decomposition of pearlite the average yield strength of weld joints is 390 MPa, it
during the course of welding.18 Furthermore, grain is higher than that of base materials. Because of the
grows to a certain extent on the right side of S355JR cross-distributed of ferrite and austenite in weld seam, it
near the fusion line, while a fine grained region away results in an increasing of the grain boundary and pinning
from fusion line in the HAZ is observed. Because the of dislocation. In addition, fore-pass can provide a pre-
grains close to the fusion line experienced a higher temp- heating treatment to the rear-pass in the multi-pass
erature than those far away. The grains away from the welds. Similarly, the action of rear-pass equals to that of
fusion line were recrystallised and refined.7 The micro- post-heating and the fore-pass. So, it has a positive effect
structure of dissimilar joints WM/316L junction is on improving the strength of WM. Furthermore, it can be
shown in Fig. 3d. As it can be seen, the microstructure seen that the fracture position of all the welded joints
in 316L HAZ is also the clumpy austenite, and compared specimens is located at the HAZ of S355JR steel side,
with Fig. 3e, the grain size changes a little. In addition, it which indicates that the region is still the weakest of the
can be noted that a complex fusion zone with the width of whole welded joint.
about 70 μm width forms on the WM/316L interface. The
fusion zone consists of fine ferrite distributing on the aus- Impact toughness
tenite matrix. Microstructure and mechanical properties Charpy impact tests of S355JR/316L dissimilar joints
are totally different from the WM. The existence of this impact specimens are carried out at room temperature
zone can attribute to the discrepancies of physical proper- according to the international standards ISO 148.1-
ties, chemical composition and mechanical properties 2009. The impact strength values of base materials,
between 316L and the filler materials. In addition, the HAZ of S355JR and 316L, fusion line of welded joints
molten metal lacking of liquidity on the edge of molten and WM are listed in Table 4. Table 4 is the average of
pool near 316L, cause its mechanical agitation weaken the three values. The results show that the average impact
and the liquid residence time shorten, which also leads strength of 316L base material is the highest while the
to the fusion zone forms in the vicinity of fusion line. average impact strength of the WM is the lowest. It can
In order to study the phenomenon of carbon migration be seen that the average impact strength of WM is 98.3
further, microstructure of S355JR/WM interface is J cm–2. Generally, the average impact strength of every
5 Schematic diagram of EDS line scanning of S355JR/WM interface and alloying elements distribution chart: a schematic of line
scanning; b carbon; c chromium; d manganese; e nickel and f molybdenum
part on the weld joint should be higher than 53 J cm–2 at impact toughness of dissimilar joints in this experiment
room temperature according to ASTM standard. So the is satisfactory. Moreover, the average impact toughness
of S355JR HAZ and 316L HAZ is lower than that of
their base materials, respectively. Based on the classic
Hall–Petch relationship and previously microstructure
analyses, during the welding process, the grain size in
the HAZs of S355JR and 316L have growth. Meanwhile,
during the austenite–ferrite transformation process, the
mixture of high carbon martensite and residual austenite
Tensile Yield
strength, strength, Elongation, Fracture
Samples Rm (MPa) Re (MPa) δ (%) position
Table 4 Charpy impact test results of different zones of S355JR/316L dissimilar welded joint at room temperature
V type notch position S355JR BM S355JR HAZ S355JR FL WM 316L FL 316L HAZ 316L BM
may be formed in the HAZ, namely, granular bainite, carbon migration from the S355JR side to WM during
which can significantly reduce the toughness of the steel. welding forms a decarburised layer mentioned above
Thus, the toughness of the HAZs obviously decreases. and then the grain growth of HAZ during welding. The
Compared with the base materials and the HAZs, the grain growth of HAZ causes the softening of microstruc-
impact toughness of WM is still the lowest. The possible ture, which also leads to the sharp drop of hardness in the
reason is that the diffusion of carbon and alloying vicinity of the fusion line on the S355JR side and 316L
elements to lower the impact toughness of WM. The side. As stated in the earlier, the mechanical properties
non-uniform distribution of microstructure and the of S355JR/316L dissimilar welded joints can meet the
harder microstructure of upper bainite and widmanstat- requirements of engineering application.
ten ferrite formed in WM can also lower the impact
toughness of WM.
Corrosion
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10 EDS analysis of corrosion product film components: a spot scanning position and b energy spectrum analysis results
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