➢ Define CVS system. Write down the functions of CVS system. ➢ Discuss about the basic anatomy of heart. ➢ Discuss about different walls/layers of heart. ➢ Discuss about different chambers of heart. ➢ Discuss about different valves of heart. ➢ Write down about the process of blood circulation throughout the heart.
➢ Discuss about different components involved in the conduction system of heart.
➢ Write down the mechanism of the pathway of nerve impulse throughout the heart. ➢ What is cardiac cycle? Discuss about different stages of cardiac cycle. ➢ What is CO? Suppose a cardiac patient who’s stroke volume is 80ml and heart rate is 72 per minute. What will be the cardiac output of that patient? ➢ Define pulse. What’s the normal pulse rate of human? ➢ Define E.C.G. Explain the significance of different waves for the following E.C.G curve. Chapter-4 (Respiratory System) 1. Discuss about different organs associated with respiratory system. 2. Write down the mechanism of breathing process. 3. Write down different functions of respiratory system. 4. Discuss about different disorders of upper/lower respiratory tract.
Chapter-5 (Urinary System)
1. Write down the basic anatomy of urinary system. 2. Write down the basic anatomy of Nephron. 3. Write down the mechanism of urine formation. 4. Write down the composition of urine. 5. What is RAAS system? How it works? 6. Discuss about different factors affecting renin secretion.
Chapter-6 (Reproductive System)
1. Write down the functional anatomy of testes. 2. Write down the mechanism of sperm secretion. 3. Write down the gametogenic/endocrine functions of testes. 4. Discuss about different stages of spermatogenesis. 5. Write down different hormones which are essential in different stages of spermatogenesis. 6. Discuss about different roles of hormones associated in spermatogenesis. 7. How testosterone hormone play role in in fatal life/adult life? 8. What is semen? Write down the composition of semen. 9. Write down the basic anatomy of sperm. 10. How estrogen play role in female reproductive system?
Chapter-7 (Nervous System)
1. Define nervous system and write down it’s classification. 2. Write down the role of different types of sensory receptor? 3. Write down the difference between spinal nerves and cranial nerves. 4. Discuss about different cranial nerves along with their functions. 5. What is reflex arcs? Write down the mechanism of reflex arcs. 6. Differentiate between CNS and PNS.
Chapter-8, 9 (Exocrine and Endocrine Glands)
1. Define endocrine system. Write down the special features and functions of endocrine system. 2. Write a short note on: Hypothalamus, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland, Pituitary gland, Pancrease, Pineal glands, Thymus, Sweat gland, Parotid gland, Pyloric gland. 3. Differentiate between exocrine and endocrine gland.
Chapter-10 (Metabolic Organ)
1. Write down the basic anatomy of liver. 2. Write down the functions of liver. 3. Why liver is onsidered as the major metabolic organ? 4. Define gallbladder. Write down different functions of gallbladder. 5. Write down different disorders associated with gallbladder. 6. Write down different symptoms associated with gallbladder. 7. How a surgeon treat cholecystectomy? 8. Write a short note on: Gallstone, Cholecystitis, Gallstone pancreatitis.
Chapter-11 (Reticuloendothelial System)
1. What is RES? Wrte down different functions of RES. 2. Write down the mechanism of phagocytosis. 3. Write a short note on: Spleen, Thymus, Tonsil, Lymph nude, Bone marrow.