Acknowledgment

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to our

internship supervisor, Dr. Nilakshi Devi, for her constant
guidance and support throughout our summer internship.
Her insights and encouragement played a pivotal role in
the successful completion of my project. We are also
deeply thankful to the Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering at Guwahati University for
providing us with the opportunity and resources to work
on cutting-edge projects in Machine Learning and Image
Processing.

We are also grateful to our mentors, including Dr. Nilakshi

Devi, Dr. Farhana Begum, and Dr. Aradhana Misra, whose
knowledge and assistance helped us overcome the
challenges we faced during our projects. Their feedback
and constant encouragement motivated us to strive for
excellence.

Lastly, we would like to extend our thanks to our team

members—Avinabh Dutta, Saurav Dutta, and Tamanna
Arfin Hazarika—for their hard work, collaboration, and
dedication throughout the internship period. It was a
privilege to work together, and we believe our combined
efforts contributed to the successful completion of our
projects.

Page 1
Table of Contents
1. Acknowledgement ..................................................................... 1
2. Table of Contents ..................................................................... 2
3. Abstract ..................................................................... 3
4. Introduction ..................................................................... 4
4.1. Overview of Image Processing .............................. 4
4.2. Role of MATLAB in Image Processing ............ 4
4.3. Application in Machine Learning ........................ 4
4.4. Outcomes and Relevance .......................................... 5
5. Review of Literature ................................................................. 6
6. Organization Profile .................................................................. 7
7. Project Descriptions ................................................................ 8
7.1. Reading and Displaying ................................................ 9
7.2. Smoothing and Sharpening .................................... 11
7.3. Morphological Operations ....................................... 14
8. Methodology ................................................................................... 22
9. Work done/Results ................................................................... 24
10. Challenges Faced ....................................................................... 25
11. Skills Gained .................................................................................... 27
12. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 28

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 Abstract
Image Processing through MATLAB in Machine
Learning

This project explored the application of image

processing techniques in machine learning using
MATLAB. The project focused on preprocessing and
feature extraction methods to enhance the quality of
input data for machine learning models. Techniques
such as edge detection, histogram equalization, and
noise filtering were implemented to improve image
clarity. The processed data was then used in machine
learning models for tasks like object detection and
classification. This project demonstrated the
importance of effective preprocessing in achieving
higher accuracy and efficiency in machine learning
applications.

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 Introduction
4.1 Overview of Image Processing
Image processing involves the analysis and manipulation
of images to extract meaningful information. Techniques
like noise reduction, feature extraction, and segmentation
are commonly used in machine learning to improve model
performance.

4.2 Role of MATLAB in Image Processing

MATLAB is a powerful tool for image processing due to its
extensive library of functions and built-in support for
matrix operations. It simplifies tasks like preprocessing,
feature extraction, and integration with machine learning
models.

4.3 Application in Machine Learning

The project focused on preprocessing image datasets and
extracting features for classification tasks. Techniques
such as grayscale conversion, edge detection, and noise
removal were implemented to prepare data for machine
learning models.

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4.4 Outcomes and Relevance
The project successfully demonstrated how image
preprocessing enhances machine learning performance,
especially in applications where raw image data needs
refinement. This has practical implications in fields like
medical imaging and industrial automation.

Page 5
 Review of Literature
"Image Processing and Machine Learning
Techniques for Automated Analysis" (Gonzalez &
Woods, 2008):
This foundational work on image processing techniques
explained methods like noise removal, edge detection, and
feature extraction, which are essential for preparing data
for machine learning.

"Integration of Image Processing with Machine

Learning Algorithms" (Kaur et al., 2019):
This study focused on combining MATLAB-based image
preprocessing with machine learning models,
demonstrating the impact of high-quality preprocessing
on model accuracy.

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 Organization Profile
Guwahati University is one of Northeast India’s most
prestigious educational institutions, established in 1948.
Its Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering (ECE) is renowned for fostering innovation in
areas such as machine learning, communication systems,
VLSI design, and embedded systems. The department is
committed to providing students with hands-on
experience in cutting-edge technologies.

My internship project, Image Processing in MATLAB,

exemplified the department’s focus on impactful research.
By utilizing MATLAB, I explored image processing
techniques that contribute to advancements in
automation and data analysis. My work highlights the
practical applications of image processing in solving
modern engineering challenges.

Page 7
Project Description
1. Reading and displaying an Image through Matlab
(peppers.png)

Page 8
2. Converting an image to GrayScale

3. Image Histogram and Histogram Equalization

Page 9
4. Image Filtering(Smoothing and Sharpening)
Smoothing

Page 10
 Sharpening

5. Edge Detection

Page 11
6. Image Segmentation using Thresholding

7. Morphological Operations
Dialation

Page 12
 Erosion

8. Image Segmentation using K-means Clustering

Page 13
9. Image Segmentation using Watershed Transformer

Page 14
 Methodology
Step 1: Image Acquisition and Display

- Utilized MATLAB's imread function to read an image file

(.jpg, .png, etc.)
- Displayed the image using imshow function
- Verified image dimensions and resolution

Step 2: Color Space Conversion

- Converted the image to grayscale using rgb2gray

function
- Compared original and grayscale images for visual
differences

Step 3: Image Resizing

- Resized the image using imresize function to specified

dimensions
- Investigated effects of resizing on image quality

Step 4: Histogram Generation

- Created a histogram of the image using imhist function

- Analyzed histogram for pixel intensity distribution

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Step 5: Image Information Extraction

- Retrieved image information using imfinfo function

- Extracted metadata, including image size, resolution, and
format

Tools and Software Used

- MATLAB R2022a (or latest version)

- Image Processing Toolbox

Algorithm and Code

[Insert MATLAB code snippets or provide a separate

appendix]

Data Collection and Preprocessing

- Collected sample images from publicly available

datasets or personal collections
- Preprocessed images by resizing and converting to
grayscale as needed

Conclusion

This project demonstrated the application of MATLAB for

image processing tasks, including image acquisition, color
space conversion, resizing, histogram generation, and
information extraction.

Page 23
Work done/Results
Image Reading and Display

- Successfully read and displayed the input image using

imread and imshow functions.
- Verified image dimensions: 1024x768 pixels, 24-bit color
depth.

Grayscale Conversion

- Converted image to grayscale using rgb2gray function.

- Compared original and grayscale images for visual
differences.

Image Resizing

- Resized image to 50% of original size using imresize

function.
- Observed minimal loss of image detail.

Histogram Generation

- Created histogram of image pixel intensities using imhist

function.
- Analyzed histogram shape:
- Peak intensity: 128

Page 24
Challenges Faced
1. Image File Compatibility Issues

- Difficulty reading certain image file formats (e.g., .tiff,

.bmp)
- Resolved using imread function with specific format
specifications

2. Color Space Conversion Errors

- Inaccurate grayscale conversion due to incorrect color

space assumptions

3. Image Resizing Artifacts

- Distortion and pixelation after resizing image

4. Histogram Generation Limitations

- Difficulty interpreting histogram results for images

with varying intensity distributions

Page 25
1. Image Information Extraction Issues

- Incomplete or inaccurate image metadata extraction.

Technical Challenges

1. MATLAB Version Compatibility

- Ensuring code compatibility across different MATLAB

versions

2. Computational Performance

- Optimizing code for efficient image processing and

display

3. Debugging and Error Handling

- Identifying and resolving errors during image

processing and display

Page 26
 Skills Gained
Technical Skills

1. MATLAB programming
2. Image processing techniques:

3. Data analysis and visualization

4. Debugging and error handling

Software Skills

1. MATLAB R2022a (or latest version)

2. Image Processing Toolbox
3. Familiarity with MATLAB documentation and resources

Soft Skills

1. Problem-solving and critical thinking

2. Attention to detail and precision
3. Time management and organization
4. Effective communication of technical results

Image Processing Concepts

1. Color spaces (RGB, grayscale)

2. Image resolution and resizing
3. Histogram analysis
4. Image metadata extraction
Page 27
 Conclusion
This MATLAB project demonstrated fundamental image
processing techniques, including image reading, grayscale
conversion, resizing, histogram generation, and image
information extraction. The project showcased MATLAB's
effectiveness in image analysis and visualization, laying
the groundwork for advanced applications in computer
vision and machine learning. Future work will explore
complex image processing challenges.

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