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Experiment No 8

Draw class diagram, Sequence diagram, Collaboration diagram, State Transition diagram
for the assigned project.

I Practical Significance

Class diagram describes the attributes and operations of a class and also the constraints imposed on
the system. Sequence diagrams describe how and in what order the objects in a system function.
Collaboration diagrams are used to describe the structural organization of the objects taking part in
the interaction. In state transition diagram we represent that what actions are leads to change the
state of the object.

II Relevant Program Outcomes

All POs are listed.

III Relevant Course Outcomes

Prepare class diagram, Sequence diagram, Collaboration diagram, State Transition diagram of
project.

IV Practical Learning Outcomes

Detailed description of all aspects of the project to be built.

V Practical Skills
Deeper understanding of System modeling: class diagram, Sequence diagram, Collaboration diagram,
State Transition diagram.

VI Minimum Theoretical Background

Behavioral diagrams basically capture the dynamic aspect of a system. Dynamic aspect can be
further described as the changing/moving parts of a system.

UML has the following five types of behavioral diagrams −

Use case diagram

Sequence diagram

Collaboration diagram

State chart diagram

Activity diagram

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VII Resources required

Sr No Instrument Specification Quantity Remarks

Any Desktop PC
1 Computer System with attached 10 No. Whichever is available
HardDisk
2 Any UML Software - 1 No. -

VIII Procedure

1. Select Diagram > New from the application toolbar.

2. In the New Diagram window, select the Diagram.
3. Click Next.
4. Enter the diagram name and description. The Location field enables you to select a model to
store the diagram.
5. Click OK.

IX Precautions

1. Change the requirement carefully.

2. Save changes if required under the guidance of teacher.

X Description

Class diagrams describe the static structure of a system or how it is structured rather than how it
behaves.
These diagrams contain the following element with their symbol.
1) Class– It represents entity with common characteristics or features. These features can include
attributes, operations and associations.
The symbol used to denote class is rectangle with three compartments.
First contains the name of the class, second contains the attributes of the class and third contains the
operations of that class.
Notation:

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2) Association – It represents relationships that relate to two or more other classes where the
relationships have common characteristics.
The symbol used to denote association is solid line.
Notation:

3) Multiplicity -Multiplicity in an association specifies how many objects participate in a relationship.

Multiplicity decides the number of related objects. Multiplicity is generally explained as “one” or
“many,” but in general it is a subset of the non-negative integers.
Indicator and Meaning
0..1 Zero or one
1 One only
0..* Zero or more
1..* One or more
n Only n (where n > 1)
0..n Zero to n (where n > 1)
1..n One to n where n > 1)
Notation:

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4) Association Class: An association class is an attribute of an association. It is also

a class.
Notation:

5) Generalization: It is a relationship between a class (superclass) and its derived classes (subclasses).

Notation:

6) Qualified association: It uses the special attribute qualifier which reduces the effective multiplicity of
an association.
Notation:

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Fig: Class Diagram for Hotel Management System

Notations used to draw sequence diagram.

1) Object: Class roles describe the way an object will behave in context. Use the UML object
symbol to illustrate class roles, but don't list object attributes.

2) Activation or Execution Occurrence: Activation boxes represent the time an object needs to
complete a task. When an object is busy executing a process or waiting for a reply message, use
a thin gray rectangle placed vertically on its lifeline.

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3) Messages: Messages are arrows that represent communication between objects. Use half -
arrowed lines to represent asynchronous messages. Asynchronous messages are sent f rom an
object that will not wait for a response from the receiver before continuing its tasks.

4) Lifelines: Lifelines are vertical dashed lines that indicate the object's presence over time.

5) Destroying Objects: Objects can be terminated early using an arrow labeled "<< destroy >>"
that points to an X. This object is removed from memory. When that object's lifeline ends, you
can place an X at the end of its lifeline to denote a destruction occurrence.
6) Loops: A repetition or loop within a sequence diagram is depicted as a rectangle. Place the
condition for exiting the loop at the bottom left corner in square brackets [ ].

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Fig: sequence diagram for hotel management system

A collaboration Diagram is an interaction diagram which emphasizes the structural organization of the
objects that send and receive messages.

Collaboration Diagram Notations:

Objects are model elements that represent instances of a class or of classes.

Multi-object represents a set of lifeline instances.

Association role is optional and suppressible.

Delegation is like inheritance done manually through object composition.

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Link to self is used to link the bjects that fulfill more than one role.

Constraint is an extension mechanism that enables you to refine the semantics of a UML model
element.

Fig : Collaboration diagram for Online Hospital Management

State Transition diagram
Statechart diagrams are used to model the states and also the events operating on the
system. When implementing a system, it is very important to clarify different states of an object

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during its life time and Statechart diagrams are used for this purpose. When these states and
events are identified, they are used to model it and these models are used during the
implementation of the system.
Notations :
State defines current condition of an event or activity. State diagram is of ten used to describe
state changes triggered by events.

Start state symbol signals the first step of a process.

End state symbol stands for the result of a process.

Transition takes operation from one state to another and represents the response to a
particular event. A single transition comes out of each state or activity, connecting it to the next
state or activity.

Decision were introduced in UML to support conditionals in activities.

History refers to the development of object-oriented methods and notation.

Constraint is an extension mechanism that enables you to refine the semantics of a UML model
element.

Note contains comments or textual information.

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Fig: State Diagram for online reservation system

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XI Practical related Questions

1. Draw class diagram for library management system.

Ans:

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2. Draw sequence diagram for hospital management system.

Ans:

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3. Draw collaboration diagram for online doctor appointment system

Ans:

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4. Draw State Transition diagram for washing machine.

Ans:

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5. Draw sequence diagram for online shopping system.

Ans:

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6. Draw class diagram for atm.

Ans.

List Of Student Team Members:

1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………
Marks Obtained Signature Of
Teacher
Process Product Total (25)
Related(15) Related(10)

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