Title: Relation and Function

Chapter: Relation and Function

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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

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Inverse of a Function :
Let y = f(x) : A  B be a one-one and onto function. i.e. bijection, then there will always exist bijective
function x = g(y) : B  A such that if (p, q) is an element of f, (q, p) will be an element of g and the
functions f(x) and g(x) are said to be inverse of each other. g(x) is also denoted by f1(x) and f(x) is denoted
–1
by g (x)
Note : (i) The inverse of a bijection is unique.
(ii) Inverse of an even function is not defined.

Properties of Inverse Function :

(a) The graphs of f and g are the mirror images of each other in the line y = x. For example
f(x) = ax and g(x) = loga x are inverse of each other, and their graphs are mirror images of each
other on the line y = x as shown below.

(b) Normally points of intersection of f and f–1 lie on the straight line y = x. However it must be noted
–1
that f(x) and f (x) may intersect otherwise also. e.g f(x) = 1/x
(c) In general fog(x) and gof(x) are not equal. But if f and g are inverse of each other, then
gof = fog. fog(x) and gof(x) can be equal even if f and g are not inverse of each other.
–1
e.g. f(x) = x + 1, g(x) = x + 2. However if fog(x) = gof(x) = x, then g(x) = f (x)
(d) If f and g are two bijections f : A  B, g : B  C, then the inverse of gof exists and
(gof)1 = f1 o g1.
1
(e) If f(x) and g(x) are inverse function of each other, then f(g(x)) =

g (x)
2x  3
Example # 25 : (i) Determine whether f(x) = for f : R  R, is invertible or not? If so find it.
4

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 (ii) Let f(x) = x2 + 2x; x  –1. Draw graph of f–1(x) also find the number of solutions of the
equation, f(x) = f–1(x)
(iii) If y = f(x) = x2 – 3x + 2, x  1. Find the value of g(2)where g is inverse of f

Solution : (i) Given function is one-one and onto, therefore it is invertible.

2x  3 4y  3 –1 4x  3
y=  x=  f (x) =
4 2 2
(ii) f(x) = f–1(x) is equivalent to f(x) = x  x2 + 2x = x  x(x + 1) = 0  x = 0, –1
Hence two solution for f(x) = f–1(x)

(iii) f(x) = x2 – 3x + 2, x  1
f(g(x) = g(x)2 – 3 g(x) + 2
 2 = g(2)2 – 3g(2) + 2
 g(2) = 0, 3  1
so g(2) = 0
f(x) = 2x – 3
1 1 1
f(g(x) = x  f(g(x)) . g(x) = 1  g(2) = = =–
f (g(2)) f (0) 3
Self practice problems :
–1
(16) Determine f (x), if given function is invertible
2
f : (–, –1)  (–, –2) defined by f(x) = –(x + 1) – 2
Answers : –1– x  2

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 Exercise – I
Section (A) : Inverse of a function
1. Let f : D  R, where D is the domain of f. Find the inverse of f, if it exists
(i) f (x) = 1  2 x

 
1/ 5
(ii) f (x) = 4  (x  7)3

(iii) f(x) = n (x + 1  x 2 )
(iv) Let f [0, 3]  [1, 13] is defined by f(x) = x2 + x + 1, then find f– 1 (x).

e2x  e 2x
2. Let f : R  R be defined by f(x) = . Is f(x) invertible ? If yes, then find its inverse.
2

3. (a) If f(x) = –x|x|, then find f–1(x) and hence find the number of solutions of f(x) = f–1(x).
5  9  8x 5
(b) Solve 2x2 – 5x + 2 = , where x <
4 4
 
4. If g is inverse of f(x) = x3 + x + cosx, then find the value of g(1).

 (  1)x x  Qc  x x  Qc
5. If f(x) =  and g(x) =  are inverse to each other then find all
2
  x    3x  1 x  Q 1  x xQ
possible values of .

Section (B) : Inverse of a function

ex  e x
1. The inverse of the function f(x) = is
ex  e x
1 1 x 1 2x 1 1 x
(A) n (B) n (C) n (D) 2 n (1 + x)
2 1 x 2 2x 2 1 x

1
2. If f : [1, )  [2, ) is given by f (x) = x + , then f 1 (x) equals:
x
x x2  4 x x x2  4
(A) (B) 2
(C) (D) 1  x 2  4
2 1 x 2

3. If f : R  R is an invertible function such that f(x) and f–1(x) are also mirror image to each other about the
line y = –x, then
(A) f(x) is odd
(B) f(x) and f–1(x) may not be mirror image about the line y = x
(C) f(x) may not be odd
(D) f(x) is even

ax  b
4. If f(x) = , then (fof) (x) = x, provided that
cx  d
(A) d + a = 0 (B) d – a = 0 (C) a = b = c = d = 1 (D) a = b = 1

 x 1  x  1
5. Let f(x) =  2 the range of h–1(x), where h(x) = fof(x) is
 x 1 x  2

(A)  1, 2 (B) [–1, 2] (C) [–1, 4] (D) [–2, 2]

 
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6. Statement – 1 All points of intersection of y = f (x) and y = f – 1 (x) lies on y = x only.
Statement – 2 If point P (, ) lies on y = f (x), then Q (, ) lies on y = f – 1 (x).
Statement – 3 Inverse of invertible function is unique and its range is equal to the function domain.
Which of the following option is correct for above statements in order
(A) T T F (B) F T T (C) T T T (D) T F T

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 Answer Key
Section (A) : Inverse of a function
1. (i) f–1 Does not exists (ii) f–1 : R  R ; f 1 = 7 + (4  x5)1/3
x x
e e 1  4x  3
(iii) f–1 : R  R ; f–1 = (iv) f–1(x) =
2 2

1
2. f–1 : R  R, f–1(x) = n (x + x2  1 )
2

  x x0 3 5
3. (a) f–1(x) =  ,3 (b) x=
  x x0 2
 
4. 1 5. =2

Section (B) : Inverse of a function

1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (A)
6. (B)

Solution
Section (A) : Inverse of a function
1. (i) f:DR
f(x) = 1 – 2–x  f (x) = 2– x n2 > 0 increasing function  one one function
D : [x  R), Range : (–, 1)  codomain
 function is not bijective  f–1 does not exist
(ii) f(x) = (4 – (x – 7)3)1/5
1
f (x) = (4 – (x – 7)3) – 4/5. (– 3 (x – 7)2)  0 decreasing function  one one function
5
Lim f(x)  –   Lim f(x)  
x  x – 
D : R Range : R = codomain  onto function is bijective (invertible)
y = (4 – (x – 7)3)1/5  4 – y5 = (x – 7)3
x = 7 + (4 – y5)1/3 or f–1(x) = 7 + (4 – x5)1/3
(iii) 
f(x) = n x  1  x 2  D : x  R, Range : R


y = n x  1  x 2  or x=
ey  e y
2
 f–1 (x) =
ex  e x
2
(iv) f : [0, 3]  [0, 13]
–1  1– 4(1– y) –1  4y – 3
y = f(x) = x2 + x + 1 x = x =
2 2

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 –1  4x – 3
 f–1(x) = as f–1 [1, 13] [0, 3]
2

e2x  e 2x
2. f(x) =
2
Domain : R, Range : R
2y = e2x – e–2x
or x=
1
2 
n y  y 2  1  or f–1(x) =
1
2 
n x  1  x 2 
 x 2 x0
3. (a) f(x) = 
2
  x x0
  x x  0
clearly f–1(x) = 
  x x  0
number of solutions of f(x) = f–1(x) is 3. they are –1, 0, 1

5 – 9  8x 5
(b) 2x2 – 5x + 2 = where x <
4 4
5 – 9  8x
y =2x2 – 5x + 2 and y = are inverse function of each other and are not identical
4
hence intersects each other at y = x line only. For intersection point 2x2 – 5x + 2 = x
3 5 5 3– 5
 x2 – 3x + 1 = 0  x= but x<  x=
2 4 2
 
1
4. f(g(x)) = x ; f'(g(x)).g'(x) = 1  g'(x) =
f '(g(x))
x = g(x)3 + g(x) + cos g(x)
x=1   1 = g(1)3 + g(1) + cos g(1)  g(1) = 0
1
so g'(1) = 1
f '(0)
f'(x) = 3x2 + 1 – sinx  f'(0) = 1

 g(x) g(x)  Qc  x x  Qc
5. Clearly g(g(x)) =  =  =x
1  g(x) g(x)  Q 1  (1  x) x  Q
hence f(x) = g(x) so  – 1 = 1   = 2 & when  = 2
–2x +  + 3x – 1 = –4x + 2 + 3x – 1. hence  = 2

Section (B) : Inverse of a function

y e x  e x
1. =
1 e x  e x
By componendo and dividendo
1 y 2e x  1 y  1  1 x 
= 2x = n    f–1(x) = n
1  y 2e  x  1 y  2  1  x 

2. f : [1, )  [2, ) 

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 1 y  y2  4
y = f(x) = x +  x2 – xy + 1 = 0  x=
x 2
2
x x 4
 f–1(x) = as f–1 : [2, )  [1, )
2

3. Since f(x) and f–1(x) are symmetric about the line y = –x.
If () lies on y = f(x) then (–, –) on y = f–1(x)  (–, –) lies on y = f(x)  y = f(x) is odd.

 ax  b 
a b a2 x  ab  bcx  bd
4. f(x) =
ax  b
 fof(x) =  cx  d   fof(x) =
cx  d  ax  b  acx  bc  cdx  d2
c  d
 cx  d 
(a2  bc)x  (ab  bd)
fof(x) = =x
(ac  cd)x  (bc  d2 )
on comparing coefficient of both side (a2 + bc) x + (ab + bd) = (ac + cd) x2 + (bc + d2) x
a2 + bc = bc + d2  a = d or a = – d
and ab + bd = 0  b = 0 or a = – d
and ac + cd = 0  c = 0 or a = – d
which can be simultaneously true for a = – d

 f(x) 1  f(x)  1  x 1  x  1
5. h(x) = f(f(x)) =  2
=  4
f(x) 1  f(x)  2  x 1  x  2
so domain of h(x) is [–1, 2 ]. hence range of h–1(x) is [–1, 2 ]

6. y = f(x) and y = f–1(x) can intersect at points other than y = x

e.g. y=–x+c or y= 1  x2

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